'31
1
7
SETTING WAGON TIRES.
Knriucrn Clin Do Till Work More Hf-
feutlvely anil Cheaply Than
the IlliteUxmltli.
There are many jobs that a farmer can
do for himself, if lie only makes the at
tempt. One of these is the setting of
the tires on the wheels of his vehicles.
The usual charges at a shop for one
wheel will exceed the cost to the farmer
of scttiugull four, and the time spent in
hauling them to and from the shop, to
say nothing of the trouble and vexa
tion of unsatisfactory work or ruined
wheels, is far greater than it would be
to do the work himself. To do this it
requires an outlay of only the cost of
a metal trough and liuseed oil, about
WHEEL IN POSITION FOR SETTING.
half a gallon to a set of wheels, though
more than enough to do the work will
be needed, as the trough, while boiling,
must be tilled so as to cover the felloes.
This trough (a) can be made of gal
vanized iron by a tinner. It should he
about 28 inches long, three inches wide
and live inches deep at the middle, By
making the bottom only 10 inches long
and slanting the two ends to the top,
the bottom will nearly conform to the
circumference of u wheel. Set this pan
on brick or stone in such a way that a
lire can be built and kept up tinder it.
Put in enough oil to cover the felloes,
and let come to a boil. You are now
ready to put in the wheels.
To prepare the wheels, let them soak
in water until the tires are tight, wash
ing out all the mud and dirt possible.
On one side of the trough drive a stake,
the top of which is to be about the
height of the huh of the wheel when set
in the pan. A stake with a fork at the
top will be found the most convenient.
On the other side, set in the ground a
JJx-l in which a row of half-inch auger
holes have been bored, ranging from a
few inches below to a few above a level,
corresponding with the stake on the op
posite side. Ry running a piece of sap
ling through the wheel, and laying one
end in the fork of the stake, letting the
wheel hang in the pan, just free of the
bottom, and insertinga pin in the auger
hole of the 2x4 that is at the desired
height, as a rest for the other end, the
wheel can be easily managed. If it is
wedged on the sapling, it can be turned
by that means.
After being placed in the oil the wheel
should be slowly turned to prevent
charring. The length of time required
to boil a wheel depends on its condition,
as does the amount of oil it takes for a
set. Two sets of wheels can be easily
set in half a day. This job will prove
far more satisfactory than one per
formed by a blacksmith, who. often on
account of the dry wood swelling after
he has shrunk the tire, ruins a wheel
by dishing it. Orange Judd Fanner.
Teiieliliiy; CiiIvcm to Drlnlc.
Nature teaches the calf to turn its
mouth upward to get its food. The un
willingness of the eair to put its head
down into a pail is the result of instinct.
Some have thought to offset this in
stinct by never allowing the calf to suck
its dam even once. Rut we think this
injures the calf. It needs stimulation
when first born, and should be allowed
to get it in the wu.v most natural to it.
In sucking the teat the milk comes
slowly, and a good deal of saliva is
mixed with it. Rut after once sucking
its dam the calf should be taught to
drink out of a pail, and to put its head
down when eating. It will need to be
pretty hungry to do this readily, and
the finger should be used, placing it
first in the calf's mouth, and then put
ting the finger into the milk. So soon
as the calf gets fairly to drinking the
linger should be withdrawn. -American
Cultivator.
lllur Income from I'iu'chIh,
The forcHts are coiiMhlcrcd one of the
uioht valuable national HsseRioiis In
the old countries. In Ruvutia the foreMt
area is about one-third of the total area
of the kingdom. One-third of this urea
is owned by the yov eminent, which
him Hpeut since Is.mi about $4,1)00,000 in
acquiring fonstt laud. A regular y.
tern of foreMt cell lire Ik employed. The
yield per iter In generally tortfe, mined
at about fl.U'i.mid the net income of the
Hnt miioinUiif to "taut ROOMOO per
IMPASSABLE ROADS.
A Story from .Mlelilfinn Which Should
Tench n Needed I.ckmoii to
lJvrry .MonnuhoU,
No one who has given the subject
close thought can doubt the moral ami
sentimental value of good roads. The
successful maintenance of schools and
churches and the spreading of their
good intlueuces is directly dependent
upon the character of the highways.
The social life of the country is quick
ened or suppressed as the roads become
good or bad. The youth of the coun
try leaves the farms mainly for the rea
son that the social advantages are so
often sadly hedged ulnnit by impassable
mud roads. Isolation, ignorance, crime,
is the universally ucccptcd course of
things.
Hut alas! sentiment is something
that it is dilllcult to deal with in a sta
tistical way. The business side of the
road question appeals to all. The fol
lowing from the Hay City (Mich.) Trib
une tells the story the old, old story:
"A farmer from Saginaw county
brought in a load of grain yesterday to
be ground. Although living much near
er Saginaw than this city, he-stated that
it was impossible for him to draw a load
of grain to Saginaw on account of the
condition of the roads. He came into
the city without any trouble on Hay
county's stone roads, and he is positive
that the failure of Saginaw to get a.
sugar factory was due to the poor con
dition of the roads in that county.
While in the city this farmer made ar
rangements to rent 20 acres of land
west of this city for six dollars per acre,
and he will grow ten acres, of beets and
ten acres of chicory. He will rent his
farm near Saginaw for two dollars an
acre, there being a difference of four
dollars per acre in the relative values of
the two farms on account pf good roads
and a market for products in Hay
county."
The same conditions are to be found
in thousands of localities, and the peo
ple are beginning to ask if there is never
to be any advancement along the lines
of road making and road keping?
Ciood Roads.
RACK FOR CATTLE.
AiiIiiiiiIn Cannot (Set CmiKht In It, Nor
Cn They Wnito the Feed Set
llel'ore Them.
Having seen an inquiry sonic time
ago for plan for cattle rack that cattle
cannot get fast in, break nor waste feed
from, I herewith send you a rudely
drawn plan for a rack that I have been
using for two years, and that 1 find has
all the above points. This rack is five
feet wide at bottom and top, and can
be made any length. Corner posts
0x0 or round poles nine feet long, set
in the eround two feet. Ton end iVieees
JJxO pinned or spiked to posts. Top
side pieces ox, or six-lncli pole the
lenirth rack is wanted, nlaccd on in
side of posts. Notch in iv L'xO piece
is inches lrom the ground in posts at
each end, and on the center of end
IDKAL CATTLE RACI?.
pieces lay a six-inch pole; this pole
makes the bottom of the rack; then
take l',xO boards seven feet or Hat
rails and make a V-shaped rack by nail
ing one end to bottom pole and top end
to top pieces or poles. Hoard up the
ends with any scrap lumber, and on
each side put 12-inch bottom board and
ren inches above this place a six-inch
top board, and by this you will have a
manger to catch any hay the cattle may
drop in pulling their hay out of the nick
and by stripping this manger sheep
can be fed when not used for cattle.
Stockman and Farmer.
No I'Vnr of Competition.
No one need fear an overproduction
of really good dairy products. Such a
thing is possible, but there is such a
small proportion of the men engaged
in dairy work that are willing to take
the pains always to produce what, is
really excellent that the supply of the
best butter and the richest, purest milk
which Keeps sweet a long time will al
ways be far less than the demand, and
will consequently always bring a good
price. The producer of these does not
have to exchange them for high priced
goods nor hawk them about tin streets.
He can have his regular customers and
a contract price, a good one, for all he
can produce.- Journal of Agriculture.
.Selence of t'heeNemn UIiik.
There are many brunches of science
that are Intricate ami very dilllcult to
acquire and understand, and if there is
one more dilllcult than another the
manufacture of chcewe nee nut to be that
one. When wo eoinddcr the hidden
power of rennet action, the active ef
feet of fermentation and lHu'tcrlttl in
lluciicrii, the vitrled unknown condl
tloiiM of milk km received Ht eheewe fue
torleit sad the intrlcnte eoiublmilioiu
thut Hiiy or nil of thrw form to effect
the Him I remit, we we the many ditUcwN
lies the ehet'eilnr intial overcome. -D.
.M. Ml'Ursi, lu KurMMfiV H!v.
GllANT THE SOLDLER.
His Greatness Burst Forth When
Great Deeds Were Needed.
Mfe lllntory Which t'rohnhly llun
No Kiiunl Hver lleiuly for Duty,
lie Never Neirleeted the
SninllcHt Detail.
lUoni, April 27. 1S22; Died, July 23, 1SS5.
Much that has been written and
published concerning the life of Grunt
prior to the civil war may be
ascribed to rhetorical license. Like
every illustrious man from Moses
to Hismarck, he has been made
to suffer In the house- of his friends.
In the campaigns of 1S0S and 1372,
which resulted in his election, succes
sively, to the presidency, he was de
clared to have been a tanner, ami, in
deed, his admirers substituted this
name of a trade for his own, trans
parencies and the headings of news
paper articles using in big black let
ters the words, "Orant, the Tanner."
As a fact, he knew no more about the
tannery business than he did of the
languages of the orient. His fattier
owned and operated a number of tan
neries, but the only connection which
Gen. Orant Intel with the business was
as a clerk in an office at Galena, 111.,
where he purchased hides for his fa
ther, shipping them to the tanneries
in Ohio.
Perhaps no great man who has lived
afforded in his life until his thirty
ninth year so few of the evidences of
dormant genius as the victor of Donel
son ami Appomattox. Horn of emi
nently respectable parents, his youth
was passed without exciting incident
of any kind. Accident brought him an
appointment as cadet at West I'oint,
and so little did the congressman who
bestowed this favor know of him that
he actually made the blunder of writ
ing his name "Ulysses S.." instead of
his rightful one, "Hirain Ulysses."
When the young cadet reached West
I'oint and learned that a correction of
the error involved labor, time and
GKN. GRANT.
trouble, he philosophically accepted
the situation and was known no longer
as "Ilirain."
Grant at West I'oint was an earnest,
quiet pupil, but was regarded as some
what dull. The only thing in win ii
he really excelled was horseback rid
ing. In this he had no equal among
all his schoolmates. lie graduated
nearly at the foot of a very largi class.
His career in the army was unmarked
by any event worthy of record until
the Mexican war, when he was honora
bly mentioned for heroism on the Held
of battle. When that war was over the
tedium of camp life bore upon him
heavily. He chafed under the inac
tion of his life and longed for employ
ment that would call into play the
energies of his nature, lie had married
and a child was born to him, and, final
ly, he resigned, being then a captain.
Rut Ids military training had unfit
ted him for other work. Then followed
eight years of trial and privation that
never have been told. Doubtless a rec
ord of them will never be made. Those
who know the facts are loth to relate
them. In his failures there is noth
ing which reflects upon his manhood;
but they were tristful days days of
worry and unrest on his part, days of
privation for his devoted and uncom
plaining wife. He went to St. Louis
and tried the real estate business, in
which he was unsuccessful. Kqunlly
unhappy was he in an insurance ven
ture. Now and then a little survey
ing came his way. Vet money reached
him slowly, and lie had great ditliculty
in providing for the needs of his increas
ing family. From his father-in-law.
Judge Dent, he received n little laud
a few miles out from St. Louis, lie set
tled upon this, but there was in him not
one trait of the fanner and weeds were
more plentiful than growing grain
upon his acres. Through more than
one winter he supported his family
by hauling wood to St. Louis and sell
ing It in the streets.
Finally his father came to his res
cue ami tendered him a position as
clerk and manager In his Galena ollleo
at the poor compensation of $5o per
month, lit was receiving this- mini
when the attack was made upon Fort
Sumter,
.Mont quiet and reserved, he mode but
few acquaintances nt Galena. When
a matufuieetiiig whm railed to'ludome
the administration and promote vol
uuteetinjf, Mime ou knew hliu as
"Capt. Grunt, late or the United State
army," Hud proponed htm u olmlrinim,
niul he whs mi elnuted. Itlllnt U. Wnali
buriiu, nitfiubur of cnfruiMi from thai
district and a resident of Galena, wan
present, and he had never heard of
Capt. Grant, having to ask who was
the presiding oHIeer.
It is evident that his record In the
regular army had made no impression
upon the authorities at Washington,
for when he addressed a letter to thu
president offering his services in any
capacity in which he might be made
useful, and this he did at the beginning
of hostilities, the communication was
unanswered. Ulysses S. Grant, ex-captain
and then a tanner's clerk, was too
obscure a person that he should he no
ticed by those in authority.
Wearying of waiting, he went In per
son to Springfield and offered his serv
ices to Gov. Yates. That ollleial had no
use for him and plainly told him so.
Rut Grant was persistent and held on.
Many raw recruits were coining into
Springfield, anil it occurred to the gov
ernor that the ex-army otllccr might
make a good diill master, and it was
in this capacity that Grant first served
his country in the civil war.
Yates was ait observant as well as a
most able man, and he saw that thu
men committed to Grant learned their
duties rapidly. Presently a regiment
arrived which grew rebellious and
chased away its colonel and other Held
oHleers. Yates was in a strait. Hera
was rank revolt, which must, lit the in
terest of discipline, be promptly put
down, but how to do it was beyond hh
ken. Then he bethought him of tho
quiet but efficient drllltnaster, and ho
asked Grant if lie would take command
oT the regiment. Coolly and laconical
ly Grant said he would, and his coin
mission was promptly made out.
Within two weeks this recalcitrant
regiment was one of the best ordered
and disciplined in the state of Illinois.
In effecting this wonderful transforma
tion he indulged in no heroics and
meted out no severe punishment. In
his own quiet way lie introduced order,
and the men appeared to know that
in him they had a master whom they
will might honor and obey. It was with
this regiment that lie proceeded to
Relniont and snatched a victory in the
face of defeat. And it was his conduct
here that indicated to the authorities
that Grant was a man who might bo
trusted safely with command of men.
Until Relniont Grunt had afforded no
proof that his life might be in any
sense eventful. He had tried army life
and given it up as a failure. He had
assumed one civil calling after another
only to fail in it. Now, at .'ID years of
age, lie was colonel of a volunteer regi
ment, as hundreds of other men were,
and the war was before him. Still his
ability had stamped itself upon the
governor of Illinois, and shortly after
ward he was made a brigadier general.
This promotion did not come, though,
until lie had won it by the thoroughness
of his organization of the army fath
ered at Cairo.
And now iiL things changed in the
life of this marvelous man. On a sud
den, like a meteor, he Hashed upon the
war sky; yc, unlike the meteor, his
brightness remained, increasing until
the end of the great war. He proceed
ed against Fort Donclson, and when
asked by t lie beleaguered generals what
terms he had to oiler, replied in these
two words, which became the slogan of
all the federal armies: "Unconditional
surrender.'' Fort Henry came next and
then Shiloh. Jealousy placed him un
der arrest after Donclson and after
Shiloh, but his name had become na
tional and the people were sounding his
praises. Rut yesterday a tanner's clerk,
to-day the conqueror of four mem
orable battles. This, too, while federal
generals elsewhere were losing battles
to the enemy, lie was released from ar
rest and proceeded on his way from
conquering to fresh conquest. He
gave Vieksbttrg to the nation and then
proceeded to the relief of Rosecrans at
Chattanooga.
In all these battles, a succession ol
victories, he made no complaints, never
called for any additional troops, and
his reports to Washington were models
of brevity. Fame did not turn his head.
He was us modest, as unassuming, as
tpiiet and reserved after Lookout Moun
tain as lie was when a private citizen at
Galena.
The youth and earlier manhood that
were unpromising were really prepara
tion days for the great responsibilities
of Ids after life. Disunity life gave him
experience for generalship; Inn priva
tion schooled him to patience and per
sistence of purpose. The great reserve
force was present in him and only re
quired the exigencies to bring them out.
He failed in no requirement of the civil
war. When Lincoln gave hfin com
mand of all the armies lie was as ready
for these added duties as lie was for
those of a simple drlllmastcr under di
rection of the governor of Illinois. The
greatness in the man burst forth when
great duties were needed to be per
formed. WILLIAM KOtiSKIl OOIIHK.
Ills XoIn)' llrle-ii-lli'iie,
' Rlobs Wigwag has a collection of
beer mugs decorated with all the col
lege jells. Ojiicer idea, imn't it?
HobbK Not at all. Didn't you over
hear of the cup that cheera? Town
Topic.
VV'Im- I'riM'll ill ion,
"Why do you my Hint you will marry
only h widow?"
"Well, I think it ii tka iHirt of wis
dam to yet amim one who ha ulrtwriy
discovered thfit ml Hit Mi Jli;qU.M
Chlottge pott,
ROUND ABOUT JERUSALEM.
The Willi of liittitrntntloit, n II r
Ncrlhcil Ity it KnmoiiN
French Vn Inter.
J. James Tissot, the distinguished
French illustrator of tho "Llfo oC
Christ," gives this picturesque descrip
tion of n secnu nt the Wall or lamen
tation: "Let us now turn into tho. lews' quar
ter and go to the Wall of Lamentation
Friday is the best day to choose fot
this, because on that day the Israelites
are there in greater number, and hub
thus has a wider variety of types svV.
hand. All along this old Sulom'uniuTv
wall, every stone of which Is of the
greatest antiquity, are leaning crowds
of men, most of whom are clad in more
or less shabby fur greatcoats. The ma
jority of them seem to bo poor, but one
must not be certain as to that point.
Some hold their heads lu their hand
and press their brows against the wall;
others read. From time to time en at
will sob, whereat all the rest begin ti
weep and wail In the most doleful man
ner. 1 noticed one fellow In particular,,
who was as fat as though he had been
fed from birth on sauerkraut and lunl
drunk nothing but beer his whole lifer
long. He swayed to and fro and nearly
choked himself lu his efforts to provoke
a few reluctant tears. He struggled,
vainly, making all manner of piteous,
and fright fill faces; he then begun,
moaning in a feeble voice, and finally
at the crescendo, the, climax of his Hctl
tiotiH grief, he bellowed at the top of his
lungs and shook from head to foot. ills.
unties so disgusted me that I was forced,
to change my place. Notwithstanding:
such exhibitions as tills, 1 saw among
those present many who had real sor
rows, profound griefs, several or whom
were fine, dark, Jewish types, and who.
I learned, had come from Portugal.
What touched me most deeply, however,
and that which at the time caused the
tears to dim many an eye, was the High!
of a group of Jewish women, who were
easily distinguishable by their continue,
the striking features of which consisted
of black velvet bandeau about the
brows and a yellow shawl thrown over
the head ami shoulders, half veiling
their faces. They were moving slowly
away, with tears streaming gently
down their checks; they murmured
softly to themselves or were quite si
lent. They would walk a few paces,
then turn gracefully about, and, draw
ing their hands from their black milts-,
they would thrown good-by kiss, a Inst
adieu, to their beloved wall their con
soler, their confidant, their'true iilcudT
'For,' said an honest Jew who often
acted as guide for me in my many wan
derings about Jerusalem, 'lids wall i
a friend to whom we coufldo all our
sorrows; it has known our fathers when
they were happy and prosperous; it
sees us now In our misery and ninny
troubles; it links us with thu past, it
consoles us, it comforts us, and we go
through life aided, sustained, and up
lifted by it.' "
WHY SAILORS QUARREL.
Suililcii Kreeilom from IteNtrnint lia
Shore l.cnvc Iniliieeit lllhuloiiN-
iieNN and l'li;lits Follow.
The list of casualties in the fight be
tween Admiral Sampson's sailors ami
Jamaica boatmen at Kingston wa
greater than the louses of the American
navy in the battles off Santiago nuti
Manila, which proves that rocks and
clubs and angry lists may he used with
deadlier effect than 11-inch giinn ami
armor-piercing shells.
The reason that American sailors and
marines are inclined to fight in foreign
ports is llrst, that they are restrninctl
from indulgence in liquor on board
ship, and, second, because it is the time
honored rule, of the navy to fight any
body, anywhere, at the drop of the hut
There is always a convenient cause for
combat when the sailor or marine lands,
after an enforced abstinence from rum
ami succeeding the tedium of a long,
cruise or voyage.
There docs not seem to be any wuy to
remedy tills condition unless it would!
be to take into the navy only personKot'
decorous conduct and abstemious hab
its, which would probably weaken the
efficacy of warships in battle. Or a re
form might he brought about by paying;
sailors and marines from $7." to $100 u.
month and then require good behavior
on pain of being discharged. Rut that .
would make the navy cost so much that .
even the United States couldn't s,tiunL
the expense. Rut it is certain that inciv
penned up in ships for months and de
prived of intoxicants arc hound to enjoy
themselves by looking for trouble when,
they go ashore. -Kansas City Star.
A Wlfe'H Privilege.
"How did you get this injury'.1" uhke
the doctor as hu was dressing a scalp
wound on the man's head.
"She broke a dinner plate over my
head," was tho reply.
"Your wife'.'"
"Of course. You don't think I'd Icr.
any strange woman come into my houso
ami knock me about thin way, do you V"
Philadelphia Press.
The .Supreme Test,
Harold I'm going to uhU Marie to
hu mine, for I've discovered that slat-
hint the dUpoMitiou of an lintel,
Herbert- What tent did you applyV
"Mopped on her aklrt hh we diiauuud--
ejl llm ainlrN ami who amilcd," N, V.
Worlil,