s i W f I -f i Ji MW """I'iiY t J5" COW BARN AND SILO. A Modern Structure for ldftcctt or Tuenty AiilinnlN, with a Kalr- Sl.cd Silo on the Iimldc. The ground plan (Fif. 1) shows nn arrangement which might be adopted. Box stalls arc provided, since every cow barn should have receptacles for sick animals, calves, and a bull. The iloor of the manure receptacle-should be cement ed and constructed on a level about one foot lower than the stable lloor. The drops behind the cattle may be con Htiucted as in the cross section (Fig. 2). The lloor wherevthe cows stand may be of wood laid on a smooth surface cov ered with salt or cement mortar, and nailed at both ends to the bed pieces. The feed halls are wide enough to per mit of placing low, narrow menl bins YJ.' ? PLAN OP BARN AND SILO. along the walls, two of which are shown. Two double windows are shown, one on each side, the aim being to provide abundant light in the center of the building where it is cut oil by the ma nure receptacle. Build n .cement iloor, slightly raised, for the silo, which should be construct ed of milled staves, not grooved, two by six inches, as long as desired. If a tail silo is desired, the staves may be spliced. Nail a piece of board about three inches wide and three feet long on the inside over the joist, for support while erecting the silo, the board to be removed when the silo is completed. The silo may be filled from the earth j "B DUOPS BEHIND CATTLE. driveway which leads to the second story. The first story should be nine feet in the clear, the second one suffi ciently high for storing the hay and straw required without filling much ubove the plutes. A ton of hay may be roughly estimated to occupy a cube of eight feet. Both sections of the build ing should be roofed the narrow way, for looks if for nothing else. A few sup porting posts and a summer (bearing beam) should be placed under the second-story joists of the manure barn. If they are placed 14 feet from the left hand outside, they will not seriously obstruct the work of removing the manure. The second-story joist of the cow barn may be supported by sum mers running lengthwise of the barn, placed 12 feet from the outside by five posts on each side. Country Gentle man. ORCHARD AND GARDEN. Cultivate thoroughly during the early part of the season. Small trees are less liable to damage in handling and shipping. No animals but hogs should be al lowed to run loose in the orchard. Plenty of room will give thriftiest and longest-lived trees and better fruit. A limb or any part of the ioliage Bhould not be removed without good reason. drafting wax is one of the best mate rials to ice in covering up wounds made in pruning. A dressing of wood ashes will, in a measure, prevent the ravages of mug got s and cut worms. When the grape vines are set out put ting ii few old bones in the place pre pared for them will be beneficial. In planting out. strawberries stick to the old standard sorts for the main crop. Try new varieties on a small scale. If manure is applied when the tree is bet out be careful that it is thorough ly incorporated with the soil. St. Louis Republic, V fA I I I LAJ -j- pri rrTi "si r -- Wm Uh :: ft Hi TJuMrfZ&P THE WAY TO BEGIN. New lliMil Komi Improvement Cnn lie Innutfuratcd Everywhere With out Additional H.mii'iimc. What is to be done under conditions that obtain in many parts of the coun try? Is the question raised by a corre spondent of Good Itoads, who says: "We have In this township assessed roughly at $350,000 some CO miles of road. We cannot spend $10,000, $1,000 or even $300 per mile on these ronds. There is not enough money in the town ship, all told, to do it, and the law limits the bonded indebtedness. To select a few miles of the principal highway is not just to the poor fellow who helps pay for It and must drive five or ten miles to reach it. "Much better work might be done than we are doing, but it remains that many miles must be attended to with few dollars. What most is needed is careful consideration of existing con ditionshow best to spend $1,200 or $1,500 on 00 miles of road, reserving $200 or $300 of that for the winter's snows. Teach us serviceable lessons for com munities of this sort, and do not expect asphalt, macadam or steel until the fel lows from town help to build them (and they haven't built their own yet). "No wonder the rustic kicks if the road is to cost more than the entire val ue of all the farms through which it passes. He appreciates good roads, but must reinc:ber his slim pocketbook. He laughs a little, too, at the big saving heavier loads would make for him. Nine out of ten of him at that time of year have little to do for self or team and are not crowded with what they have to market. He would rather make two trips than one, as he and his horses both need the exercise. The tendency in such cases as this is to underestimate the beneficial effects of hard roads and to assume that they are of value only during the winter. They are of enormous value then, and of equally great value in summer and the busy seasons, when the possibility of hauling big loads is money in the pocket. In the past the farmer has been left too much to his own resources In the care of the highways. Now, however, state aid is rapidly being acknowledged as the proper means of promoting the good work, and the states are slowly but surely falling into line in adopting it. Until it is generally in force there may be time for much good work to be done, and the first steps toward real improvement can be taken by securing careful grading, thorough drainage and the adoption of wide tires. In this connection the experiences ol two southern counties is right to the point. In one the loads aeraged 2,4fC pounds and the tax is ten cents a hun dred. In the other the loads are but 800 pounds nnd the tax 20 cents a hun dred. Improved methods reduced the road tax one-half and greatly improved the roads. This county owns grader, plows, carts, implements and six mules, and a superintendent and five men are kept at work on the roads. The work cost? $55.17 a mile, and, though the roads are only plain "dirt," they are kept in such good condition that three times as much can be hauled as on roads enred for in the old way. Here, surely, is a cheap and easy way to begin. STORY WITH A MORAL. A Good Mil ii y Itoiul-MuUt'i'N llulld Their KoiiiIn Like the Old UuiiUit .Miule Ills A. The notion that "anybody can build a road" is responsible for many failures. Commissioner MaoDonald, of Connecti cut, tells a story of such people. He says that a Quaker went into a hard ware btore to by an ax. "How much does thee ask for a Brad ley axV" he asked. "One dollar and thirty-five cents," was the answer of the shopman. "Thee asks too much; 1 will make an ax myself." He bought a chunk of steel, took it home, put it in the fire, hammered it and belabored it until it had assumed the general outlines of an ax head. But it was dull. "Huh," again quoth the Quaker, "thee ax. But thee can make a wedge." He put the steel back into the forge and knocked it into the shape of a wedge. But it had lost its temper. "Huh," again quoth the Quaker, "thee cannot make an ax, and thee cannot make a wedge, but thee can make a sizzle," and he thrust the hot iron into the rainbarrel. That's what a big ma jority of road makers used to do in this state make a sizzle. Good Bonds. Value of the Separator. Becent German trials indicate that the separator removes from milk and cream not only the dirt and slime which pass through the strainer, but the greater portion of the bacteria. As cows are usually enred for and handled there is always some dirt and dandruff from the cow's udder in the milk. This cannot always be caught in a strainer, but if any passes through it is included with the slime, which remains In the separator bowl. The German trials in dicate that most of the bacteria remain with it. In transplanting, do not let the roots remain exposed to cold orstormu. RAILWAY MANAGEMENT. Address of Hon. M. E. Ingalls to the Commissioners' Convention. Qucfttloiift l'crtnliitiiu; to the Conduct of Hallway AVIiloh Arc of InteroNt to the l.enernl IMihllc. The railway commissioners of the country met in convention nt Wash ington, D.C., on Tuesday, May 10, for the purpose of considering questions of great interest both to the railways and the people of the United States. The convention was addressed by Hon. jr. E. Ingalls, a high authority in railway matters, upon the establishment of proper trollies, conduct of shippers and the betterment of existing conditions in railway affairs, also the advance ment of measures looking to the great er comfort and convenience of the pub lic. Mr. Ingalls' address is here given as being a semi-official expression of the views held by railway managers generally, nnd as being also cf gen crnl interest to the public at large: "Mr. Clinlrmnn nnd Oentlomon: I ntn very much obliged for this opportunity of addressing you. I understand 1 havo In my audience tho members of tho Interstato commerce commission and tho gentlemen composing tho vnrlous rnlhvny commis sions of tho different states. It la a body that Is supposed to stand ns an arbiter be tween tho railroads nnd tho people, ns a friend of both; a body thnt ought to nnd dooB hnvo groat lnfluonco, nnd especially In reforenco to legislation regarding rall rouds. If this nudlenco should agrco upon nny legislation la thnt respect thnt was needed, I presume there would bo no dif ficulty In Inducing yondor congress to enact It Into law, nnd believing ns I do thnt It Is essential to the public Interest to pecuro legislation, I am pleased to hnvo this opportunity of presenting my views nnd endeavoring to cnl'st you In the re forms which 1 think are so vital "Wo hnvo reached a crisis In rnlhvny mnnngoment where something must bo done if wo would avoid disaster, not nlono to tho railways, but to tho material Interests of our country. "For SO years a contest bus been wnged In legislatures, In congiess and before the courts, by tho people on ono sldo who bo llevcd thnt railways were public corpora tions and subject to control by the power thnt created them; nnd. on tho other hand, by olllclnls of tho railways, who did not bellovo such control was legal or prac ticable. State after state asserted Its right. These rights wero contested from ono court to nnothor, nnd decided from tlmo to tlmo always In favor of tho people, under cer tain restrictions. It llnnlly culminated In 1SS7 In tho enactment of the Interstate com merce law, ana sinco tnen tnoro lias boon hnrdly a day when somo provision of that law wns not under consideration by tho courts or by congress, until now wo may state it Is ns fnirly settled by tho high est courts in tho land that tho legislatures of the states have control over railways with roferenco to tholr local business, sub ject to cortaln conditions, and that tho congress of tho United States hns the power to regulato Interstnto business. Tho supreme court of tho United States, which is tho hlghost nrbltor of thoso differ ences, has Just decided thnt such control of the states, or regulation, must bo renson nble, nnd thnt rates cannot bo reduced bo low a point where tho railroads cnn enrn their exponses and a fair retiiro upon their cost. "Hallway managers had accepted tho sit uation and woro endeavoring to obey tho Interstnto commerce lnw nnd ndnpt their management to It when In March, 1M)7, a de cision was rendered by tho supremo court which produced chaos nnd destroyed nil agreements. It wns practlcully thnt tho Shermnn nntl-trust law, so-called, which it had not boon supposed applied to rail ways, did apply to them, and under tho construction of thnt lnw by tho court It wns practically lmposslb'.o to innko any nirrnOTllnnt a nr nrmntTninanlG f ,1m mnln. tenanco of tariffs. In tho caso brought uKuuitM. 1110 joini i runic lussociimon in New i'ork, this view has boon combntted by tho railways nnd It may bo modified by tho courts. But since thnt decision in March, 1M7, there hns been practically a btato of anarchy so far as tho mnlntennnco of tariffs is concerned in a largo part of this country. "It Is well, perhaps", thnt wo should look the situation fairly In tho face, and while I do not euro to bo an alarmist, I fool bound to describe plainly to you the condition to dny, so that you may understand tho ne cessity for action. Novor In tho history of railways, have tariffs boon so llttlo re spected ns to-duy. Private arrangomonts and understandings nro more plentiful than regular rates. Tho larger shippers, tho Irresponsible shippers, are obtaining advantages which must sooner or later provo tho ruin of the smaller and moro conservative traders, and In the end will break up many of tho commercial houses In this country and ruin tho railways. A mudne.ss seems to hnvo seized upon somo railway managers, and n Inrge portion of the freights of tho country Is being carried at prices far below cost. Other than tho maintenance of tariffs tho condition of tho railways is good; their physical condition has been Improved; tholr trains are well managed, and tho public is well served. If a way can bo found by which tariffs can be maintained and tho practice of secret rebates and prlvato contracts discontinued, tho future will have great promise for rail way investors, railway employes and the public generally. And hoto I wish to say that this Is not n question which concerns railway Investors alone. If It wns, you might say 'let them fight It out.' It con corns over and nbovo everyone else, tho great public. One-fifth of our people are interested directly In railways, either a employes or employes of manufactories thnt are engaged In furnishing supplies to tho railways. Can any body politic prospor If one-fifth of Its number is cngngud in a business that Is losing money? Tho rail ways i-orvo tho public In so many ways that their prosperity Is closely Interwoven with the prosperity nnd tho comfort of tho ordinary people. Ono thousand millions of dollars were paid out last year by the rail ways from their earnings to employes of manufactories in this country; MJ.COO.OOO of passengers wore carried: 13,000 millions were carried ono inllo: 7fi3,0O0,00O of tons of freight wero moved, 93,000 millions of tons were moved ono mile. Do you think that any Interest performing such immense service ns this can be In difllculty and tho bnlanco of the country not feel it? Forty millions of dollars wero paid out for pub lic taxos. Over threu thousand millions of dollars that have been Invested In railways I havo earned no dividend for years. This J Is not 'water, as suino populist orator will say, out good, honest money. Thoso be curltlos aro hold nil through the land, and their failure to pay any roturn has brought dlsgraco upon us abroad and suffering and want In many a fumlly and community at homo. A Blight Improvement In tho rate, which would b icircely felt, would mako this investment good. Ono mill per ton per mile, or one-tenth of a cent, additional, last year would have mado $95,000 lncrenso In not rovenue, nnd this would hnvo paid threo por cent, upon this Invested capital. "Theso aro tho matorlal sides of tho ques tion. There Is a much moro dangerous vlow, and thnt Is the demoralization of tho men conducting theso lmmenso enterprises and tho want of respoct for tho law which Is being developed by tho present situation. Tho trouble Is not due altogether to tho provisions and tho Interstate commerce law. It has grown up from various sources. The panic of 1S93 and tho loss of tiuslnosa for tho next few years Intensified tho com petition between tho linos; now avenues wero openod; tho competition of tho Gulf ports Increased enormously; also that of the Canadian Pacific on tho north. Alto gether, theso causes produced such (jharp competition, coupled with tho decision ro forrrod to of tho counts, that no under standing or agreements can bo made, and havo combined to produce tho most com plete breakdown that hns ever boon seen in any business. Thero Is less faith to-day between railway managers with reference to their agreements to maintain tariffs than was probably ever known on earth In any other business. Mon mnnnglng large corporations who would trust their op ponent with tholr pocketbook with untold thousands In It, will hardly triiRt his agree ment for tho nialiitcnanca of tariffs while they aro In tho room together. Good faith seems to hnvo departed from the railway world, so far as tralllc agreements aro con cerned. "Ono of tho chief dlfllcultloR with tho law as it stands to-day Is that the punishment for prlvato contracts and rebates Is en tlroly out of proportion to tho offense. The Imprisonment clnupo was put In as an amendment to tho Interstato commerce law, and I believe tho commission and ovcryono who has watched Its warklngi will agreo with mo that It has been a fail ure; moro than a failure, that It has caused perhaps moro demoralization than any thing else. Tho public has not bolleved In It; it has been impossible to securo convic tion; It hns prevented tho railway of ilclal who desired to bo honest from com plaining of his competitor whom ho thought was dishonest. In fact, it has been what every law Is thnt Is not supported by pub lic sentiment a fnllute. what, In tact, Is the manner of conducting business to-day? Tho railway ofllclal who desires to bo hon est nnd law-abiding sees tralllc leave his lino and finds tho freight that ho was car rying hauled to tho warehouse of his rival, tho earnings of his line decreasing nnd complaints from tho management of loss of earnings, and In tho distance ho sees loom ing up tho loss of his position. At the snnio tlmo, tho shipper who desires to oboy tho lnw sees some rival soiling morchnndlso to Ills customers at prices ho cannot meet, nnd he knows very well that ho Is securing concessions from somo rallwuy to ennblo him to do this. The railway agent nnd the shipper who wish to obey tho lnw sit down together nnd look It over. What relief Is theio for them? Thoy cnn complain of their rivals, possibly convict them under tho Interstato commerco law and send them to tho ponltontlaiy, but such action would bring down upon them tho con demnation of tho public, and would ruin tholr business: for, ns f. stated before, tho public does not bellovo In this sovoro fea- turo or tho law, and will not support any one who enforces It. Tho result Is, thoso men In despair aro driven to do jus, what their opponents aro doing they become lawbreakers themselves. I havo drawn no fancy picture; it is what Is occurring every day around you. Boards of trade, com mercial bodies and conventions hnvo ro pcatcdly reported on It, and all havo como to tho same conclusion; and yet, for some Inexplicable reason, congress has fulled to act. "All of us who havo any Interest In our country, who desire Its prosperity, aro In terested In tho holution of this great uueti tlon. It Is not a tlmo for tho demagoituo to howl about corporations. It is not p tlmo to talk about tho wrongdoings of m Iway managers. Theio aro always some, In any business, who will not do right, and Micro always will be, but tho great mass of rail way managers to-day, I usssuro you, aro as honestly seeking a solution of this ques tion as aro you or any member of tho leg islative body. I bellovo I voice tho belief of a very largo majority of them that tho two provisions I have mentioned are necessary nnd will lead to tho settlement of this ques tion. If this body will Join and heartily in dorso this course and work for It, Its ac complishment cnn bo attained. Wo hnva unwittingly in this country applied to rail way laws that It was never intended should bo applied to transportation companies of this nature. Wo havo gone back and taken decisions that were wise a hundred years ago, when civilization was In its Infancy and when tho masses needed certain pro tection, and havo endeavored to apply theso same principles to tho great transportation Interests of modern times. The courts, un fortunately, havo followed In that lino. Every business man, every statesman, knows that it Is a mistake, that we havo hero an lmmenso Interest such ns the world has never seen, and tho principles which should govern It must be worked out In harmony with the ago and tho needs of this country. There stiou.d bo no friction be tween tho Interstate commerco commission and the railways; there should bo none bo tween the state commissions and tho rail ways. There has been too much of a feel ing with these bodies that tho railways wero against them. In the contest with railways, In the courts, tho commissioners have drifted away somewhat from tho ground they ought to stand on; that Is, they should bo tho friends of the railways instead of their enemies, and should aid In securing tho proper legislation, anil tho railways, In turn, should give their support to make such legislation affective. I bo llovo it can bo done In no better way than by the true method I have pointed out. First, the chango of tho crlmlnnl section; second, authority to contract and divide business. Dither ono of them would bo of great advantage, but wo ought to havo both. There also should bo such legisla tion as will glvo moro forco to tho recom mendations and orders of tho interstate commerce commissioners. Instead of try ing to break down tho commission tho rail way olllclals should try to build it up, should make tho commission Its aid and use It as a bulwark of strength In congress and In the Ktutoo to beat bdek tho tide of pop ulism that is rising continually against U1CIU. "I beg of you, gontlemen, to take theso things to heart. If the thoughts that I havo suggested aro wlso and commend them selves to your Judgment, then put them In such form as !& proper and piesont them to congress with your recommendations, and I havo not much doubt but that they will ho mado Into law. Homo people will oppo.so thoin through selfish Interest or for polit ical reasons, thero will be somo railway managers who fear the loss of tholr pres ent power nnd who cun tee great troublo In tho tutuie, who will oppose them; but why, in roferenco to such an enormous Interest as this, wait for everyone to agree? Take tho groct in Ufa of thinking mun, what you youiselvos approve, and put It Into the Lhapu of a law and let us try It. If It ac complishes what wo wish, It will bo a for tunate aay for this country, if It accom plishes but a little of what wo hope, we shall Indited have mado a success. If wo uro mistaken and It does no good, wo at least shall have the satisfaction of havlnti made an honest effort In the right direction." THE THREE CENT COIN. A. lilttlc .Tohcr Will eh llothern Olinni .Maker nnd Make Tronhlo All Around. "Next to n gold dollar," said n busi ness man, "there Is nothing in tho linn of coins I detest quite ns much as tho three-cent piece. There is no cull for its existence and the proper authorities, in my opinion, should call them nil in, and melt 'em up. Now, here is n three-cent coin. Observe that it is of tho miino size tis u dime, nnd, when tho light is poor, it hns tho sumo general nppenr nnce ns n dime. Undoubtedly somo car conductor gave it to me for n clinic nntl I accepted It at thnt value. "I have been carrying it for n week in my Kiimll change overcoat pocket. Lust night at th Park row station of tho L road, I gave it to the ticket seller and linked for two tickets, thinking thnt it was a dime. He pushed it buck through the little window with an ironical smilo and never a word. I asked his pardon and promptly gave him the proper coin,, but I knew he thought I was trying to work three cents oil' on him for ten. "Later on in the evening, I was re turning to my home in Brooklyn, nntl without looking nt it, I thoughtlrsBly drew my three-cent piece out of my coat nnd passed it to the bridge ticket seller, with n request for four ticketn. There was sarcasm in the tone of his voice as he requested me to, 'gucsn again,' and 1 wns about to lose my tem per when I glanced down and saw my three-cent piece lying before inc. "I made good again nnd once mora dropped my despised coin back in my pocket. This morning when I bunrdei! u car I put my hand in the same pocket, which contained nt least a dollar in change, and handed lite conductor, an 1 supposed, u dime. 1 never stopped leading 1113 paper until the conductor, In n voice of mild protest, remarked: 'They don't go here,' whereupon I meekly hunted for a nickel. Now could anything be more exasperating? "It seem to me that Uncle Snin should not permit such an absurd .state of n Hairs, for those three-cent coins place good citizens in very cinbnrrasH iug positions. 1 vote (o call 'em all in, nnd 1 know that most all men voice my views." Brooklyn Kagle. NO WAR FOR WASH. I'.vimi I, lft liiNiiraiiiM for 111m Iiitrndctl Wife Couldn't ltrroncllu lllm to the Cane Wash Howard, a young colored man of ability as a shiner, has n stand ou Vine street. Before he came to town he was indirectly connected with a. militia company In some town up the state. His rank wan ScrgU Shiner, nnd when the company went to camp WiihU went along. It is needless to say thnt. 'he enjoyed himself hugely, as he had a uniform of his own design, hearlngon the sleeves in yellow cloth a blacking brush, rampant. Last week his old captain was in the city, and he ran across Wash. About the (list tiling Wash talked of was the- a i'. "What you think, cap, is dcy goin'tcr be wall full sliuuhV" "I wouldn't be surprised, Wash," was the answer, "and you'll have to go." "What I have (ergo full? I hain't got nulllii agin (loin Cuhiuus and dcy ain't got nullln agin me, I reckon." "Well, in case of war, you know, we can't choose. We have to go when duty calls us." "Vessuh, dut's right, but den wheiu you got a likely colohd girl on dc string; den it hain't no fun." "Neer mind that, Wash. You just get your life insured ami marry tho girl, and when you arc killed sho will get flu: money and be well provided for to say nothing of a pension." "Uat won't do dis uigguh nny good. She'll just get married ugiu, and tleu tho two uv 'em will blow in all the stuIV. Do you remember ole Hen Jesse. Ncjw dat ole nigguh had some life insurance! all ou a big piece uv pupuh, nn' he mar ried a spry young yeller girl, an she iH'Viili gave him ciiuy peace. Not a bit.. She dun ax him all der time what dut, life inshutince foh, nnd kep' a pesterin him twell he gone off an' got sick an des uatchiilly died. Oat's whautlieclid. An' if I got enny life iushuaucc dat colohd gnl would nebbeh be satisfied till I die. No, suh, if I got ter go tuhi wah der'll be no widduh nor any in shuance. Hat's right." Cincinnati; Commercial Tribune. To Malic V'iiMt Cuki'K, Tut a handful of hops in two quarUr of boiling water; .strain the boilinir lion j water over two pounds of flour and beat 11 mini ftiiiuuni. ttiiuc 11, js warm uuu two tahlcspoonfiils of salt nnd half a teauupfiil of sugar. When cool a th in a pint of yeast. After the yeast Jias become light stir in as much Indian meal as it will take to roll It out in cakes and place on 11 cloth to try, turn ing often. At the end of a week they may be put into a bug, and should bcr kept in a dry place. Do not let sour while drying; avoid this by letting draft blow over them the tlrst two days. Cincinnati '"Inquirer. 'I'hc UuallllcatloMH Needed. 1'rujn What sort of n man should a fellow be to succeed in the Klondike? Dr. Dolus Well, I've never been. . there; but from all I hear 1 should say . that 11 cross between Or. Tanner and,' u polar bear would get along very nice ly. Duck.