THE NEBRASKA ADVERTISER
W. W. 8ANDKHH, I'ablUher.
NEMAHA,
NBHRA8ILA
PIRATE OF FISH.
The IIIiicIInIi In the .MoaI VIcIoiim mill
Iomi-ii(Iv- of All tli
IMnriy Tribe.
Tlie greatest enemy to (he best
species of fish !h found in the vicious,
vornoloiiH, and dangerous blueflsh. In
nizc, ordinarily as long as your arm, with
teeth like ImrhH, he win snap In hnlvcu
u fish of IiIh own size, nnd neiirly nil
flali stand in mortal dread of him. Gen
enilly traveling in schools sometimes
HB much as live miles in length they
will in short order decimate u school of
iihad, spot, menhudeu or such like. Jn
his stomach can be found numbers of
smaller fish, according to size. We
have opened one which contained a
trout almoHthisowii size, while another
contained a shad nearly as huge. Still
others are found having within them
selves one or more of their own species
of smaller size. We have seen them be
hind a school of shad, spot, or men
haden,and sometimes schools of mack
erel and cod, snapping and slashing
their prey until the water was all afoam.
They eat until they can hold no more,
but their vlclousness is not abated.
With a snail a fluid Is sundered and
spit out, and the next shares the same
fate. They never tire, and the fish de
stroyed, but unenteu, cover the surface
of the water.
Without question the blueflsh is by
far the greatest' factor to be reckoned
with, eonsideruing the preservation of
our food fishes. Hut man's effort seems
to be futile In hi, extinction or banish
ment. Nets will not hold him, and only
the stoutest line (for he Is "game" in
every cense of the word), protected
with metal about the hook, will with
stand his vicious snapping. Tjic only
method by which he is procured for
mnrket In our wafers is with hand lines,
baited with menhaden. Iluudrcdri of
New Kngland fishing vessels commonly
termed "downon.itor smacks," are now,
and will continue during the summer
and fall, fishing olT our capes and in the
Chesapeake bay in this manner. Our
own people do little or none of this kind
of Unliing. The fish, when caught by
these amaeks, are iced in boxes and bar
rels, and from Cape Charles or some,
other railroad point are shipped to
northern markets. The numbers
caught by these craft In comparison
with the myriads to be found at present
in our waters do not count for any
thing, and yet hundreds of boats and
thousands of men are engaged in the in
dustry. It has long been a question among
our people if the benefits to be derived
from these northern visitors in the
way of reducing the number n blue
flsh and the money they invest with our
people for bnit and provisions will
equal the damage they do in tolling the
blueflsh into our waters. Richmond
Dispatch.
BISHOP NEWMAN'S DIARY.
Tlu Vonornlilo Dlvlnr Huh ii Com-
lilflu Itecnrd of KvciitN Since
the Yi'iir 1HII0.
Bishop Newman, the venerable divine
of the -Methodist church, has kept an
Unbroken diary bince 1800. Probably
ho man Iuib been more closely identified
with the important affairs of history,
and few men have met and known more
famous men than the bishop, and if he
ever consented to the publication of
this daily journal It would undoubted
ly rank among the few great diaries of
history.
In a recent interview with Dexter
Marshall thu bishop said: "I have rare
ly lived a day without meeting somo
one with something to say worth pre
serving, and for years the bulk of my
dally entries has consisted of notes of
the talks I have had with all sorts of
people. I can hardly indicate the value
and variety of the information I have
thus been able to set down in black and
white, and 1 must confess that I have
derived an immense amount of satisfac
tion from time to time In looking the
records over. Some of the most Inter
esting things have been said by the un
lettered, and some of the wittiest, too.
"Oh, yes, 1 sometimes preserve jokes
as well as facts, and I have found that
the sense of humor exists everywhere
and sweetens the lot of almost every
one. Uy constant practice I have
trained my memory so that It acts al
most automatically, and now when I
tun ready at the end of each day to set
down whatever I have heard worth
while the salient points reeull them
selves, so to speak, and I am able to
write them down without trouble. I
genernlly precede the notes of my talk
with a description of the speaker, and
in this way I have got together a very
largo number of brief pen sketches of
personalities." Chicago Inter Ocean.
MohiiIo Miin of 1'nlcMtliie.
A map of Palestine in mosaic, over
1,500 years old, has been found in un
covering the ruins of an old temple in
that country. The mosaic map formed
the pavement of the building; and,
though many parts of it are missing,
the section containing the city of Je
rusalem is still practically intact, Chi--wigo
Inter Ocean.
TROUBLE WITH SPAIN
We Have Had More or Less of It
for Nearly a Hundred Yeurs.
It Ktnrtril In tin Xntelio, Dlntrlct Un
der JffTerNon'N Administration
(leu. JiicUhoii'k Hold .Seiz
ure of l'lorlila.
ISjieclal Natchez (Miss.) hotter.
In the early part of this century the
Americans of the "Natchez district"
organized a revolt against the Span
iards, who at that time occupied n
strip of the Mississippi territory about
100 miles in width. In public meetings
the citizens of Natchez denounced Pres
ident Jefferson because he would not
aid them In overthrowing the Spanish
tyrannical rule. After recovering West
Florida from England Spain toolc pos
session of this strip, which was in dis
pute. This was our first trouble with
that country, and it began shortly
after the revolution. About this time
the "Northwestern territory" threat
ened to secede from the union because
the government was too slow in com
pelling Spain to give us full access to
the Mississippi river. By treaty we had
that right, and New Orleans was desig
nated as a depot for the deposit of
western commerce-. Without notifica
tion Spain annulled thcte rights, and
this with other troubles emist-d the re
volt in the northwest and in the Mis
sissippi territory.
About this time Aaron Burr floated
down the Mississippi river with an ex
pedition to accomplish partly what we
did half a century later the capture of
Spanish territory on our coast. Our
boundaries have been extended Blnce
from the Mississippi to the l'aeiflc
territory then owned by Spain, Barr
met with encouragement in the Natchez
district, but our dun. Williamson was
In the pay of Spain, and his expedition
came to naught. Several years later
Gen. Jackson captured Florida. Out
laws had been depredating in the bor
der states and fled to Florida. He
pursued them, and-finding that they
were aided by the Spaniards and Sem
inole Indians he incidentally took pos-
Sv ?m
J.w"l'. ..
ttWSNM
3iw,l!
PRESIDENT JEFFEIISON.
(Under Ills Administration Wo Had Our
First Trouble with Spain.)
bession of the country. He had no au
thority for so doing, but had written to
Piesident Monroe, intimating Ids In
tentions. Gen. Jackson wrote: "1 do not ask
for formal orders, but tell Johnny Hay
to tell me to do It." "Johnny Hay" was
a member of congress from east Tennes
see and a particular friend of Jackson's.
It is presumed that President .Monroe
told "Johnny" Hay, for Jackson did it.
The main object, however, was to
take the country before it should fall
into the hands of England.
Hut before Jackson had taken the
Florida peninsulu, the American resi
dents of west Florida rebelled against
Spanish authority, captured the garri
son at Haton Kongo, and set up what
they called a "government." With a
view of relieving the general govern
ment of international complications,
the filibusters claimed that the terri
tory was part of Louisiana, and they
asked to be annexed to Louisiana in
stead of applying for admission as a
separate state. Some favored the latter
idea. The territory had been in dispute
before it was "Texanized." The dis
trict Is known to this day as tho "Flor
ida Parishes," and Is the richest portion
of southwestern Louisiana. The "Lone
Stai'" flag Is s ill preserved.
The seizure of Florida by Jackson
caused a bitter quarrel between Jack
sou, Calhoun and V. II. Crawford, of
Georgia, all candidates for the presi
dency, and wrecked the chances of Cal
hdlin. In a cabinet meeting some one
moved for the arrest and trial of Jack
son for violation of international law
in seizing Florida. Jackson accused
Calhoun as being the member, mid cited
Crawford as his authority. This Craw
ford denied. Calhoun denied that he
was the member, told Jackson that ho
lied, and "was quite capable of lying."
"Old Hickory" did not carry the quar
rel further until he became president,
when ho threatened to send an army to
South Carolina, and to hang Calhoun for
attempting to carry that state out of
the union.
Juclcsou's enmity defeated Calhoun
for the presidency his political star
sank in a day to rise no more. This
great quarrel was because of the Flor
ida acquisition, and from that our pres
ent trouble began.
While Spain claims that she cannot
eell her territory with honor the fnct
lemuins that she has done so. Florida
wu tirtunlly restored, and we iluully
jC :X M V.xV,
gnve Spain $5,000,000 for the territory,
and, as an offset, put in a damage chum
for that amount, bpain hus not for
gotten that.
Prior to the civil war we made sev
eral efforts to purchase Cuba, mainly
for the extension of the sluvc trade.
Hut failing, filibustering expeditious
were winked nt. When Lopez was or
ganizing his famous expedition he
sought out Jefferson Davis, and offered
him a command and $50,000 a year. He
knew of Davis' record In Mexico, and
hoped that he would thus get a number
of volunteers from Mississippi. Hut
Davis declined. The sad fate of Lope.!
and his men is well known. The exe
cution of the Americans come near
bringing on a war, and the southern
states, which mainly furnished the fili
busters, were very hostile.
In order to understand the boundary
question, which may soon become a
matter of more general interest, It may
be stated: In 1702, Louisiana, which
then extended to the Illinois, was dis
membered by France. That portion
oust of tlie Mississippi river, excepting
the Island of New Orleans, was ceded
tc England. At the same t:me Spain
also ceded to England "all of the ter
ritory that she possessed on this con
tinent to the east and southeast of the
Mississippi river, including the penin
sula of Florida."
About U0 years later England gave
back the peninsula of Florida to Spain,
and also a large slice of Louisiana
which she had received from France
previously. The stipulations were gen
eral, and the boundaries were little un
derstood, if at nil.
A few years later France, becoming
tired of maintaining the expensive and
fruitless colony of Louisiana, ceded, ns
a free gift, the Louisiana territory to
Spain. France gave, or rather the
Spanish claimed, the entire territory
of Louisiana as i: existed before it wus
carved up by France.
In 180U Spain exchanged Louisiana
for an island in the Mediterranean
which France at that time possessed.
France, then at war with England, ac
quired the territory in order to pre
vent it from falling into the hands of
the English. While our ministers were
treating with France for the purchase
of Louisiana, Minister Livingstone sug
gested that wo lirst seize New Orleans
und treat afterwards. He thus want
ed to hurry up mutters before England
acquired the country.huving little faith
in the earnestness of France, although
that country was at war with England.
When tho United States purchased
the Louisiana territory, the' terms were
ngain general, the treaty reading that
the boundaries should run as "before
existing." Consequently the United
States claimed all of tho territory com
prising Louisiana before being sliced
up by France.
Thus, it will be seen, France sold to
the United States some territory thnt
belonged to Spain. In fnct, the bound
aries in several instances "lapped" one
over the other. And Spain, being un
certain of her boundary lines, pushed
colonies into the territory she hnd, or
believed she had, acquired from France.
She seized this strip of Mississippi ter
ritory, established headquarters at
Natchez, and held It with the aid ol
the Natchez Indians, importing negroes
from Africa to do plantation work.
The Spaniards captured this portion
of the Mississippi valley through secret
plottings with the Natchez and Choc
taw Indians. The Natchez Indians oc
cupied the lower portion, and the Choc
taws extended from Choctaw blull's
(tho present Vicksburg) to the Chick
asaw blull's (the present Memphis).
Upon the acquisition of this section
by the Americans the Spanish otllcials
refused to leave, according to treaty,
but remained, plotting with the Indi
ans, hoping to retake the country.
Finally they were expelled beyond the
borders to the Spanish province of
Texas. Then nearly nil of the Spanish
settlers left the country, and after our
conquest of west Florida, they left that
section also for Texas, so intense was
their hatred of Americans.
The fact that Spain was the original
possessor of this vast territory, and
having lost it for the lack of power to
hold it, must ever rankle in the Span
ish breast.
In the early part of the sixteenth
century, while a Spanish adventurer
was seeking gold, and incidentally i
spring of perpetual youth, which an
Indian soothsayer told him existed on
one of tlie Hahaiiui Islands, he stumblei.
upon a peninsula, which he named
Florida. According to the Spanish cus
tom he claimed the "air, the sea and
the earth," in the name of Spain. The
boundaries, of course, were not defined,
for ho had no idea of the extent of tin
country.
Hut when the French discovered the
Mississippi and settled in Louisiana,
Spain came forward and claimed every
thing by "right of discovery." Tho
French claimed from Canada to the
gulf, and "nil the territory watered by
the rivers which flow into the Missis
sippi river," which La Salle had dis
covered. For nearly a century and a half after
its discovery Spain made no attempt to
colonize the country, beyond an occa
sional expedition in search of gold and
pearls, supposed to exist here in large
quantities. J. M. SCANLAND.
A l'mir CoiiNiiIutlon.
The word la often at tier Hung
That she's not made In beauty's mold;
Though alio will neVr be pretty, young,
Yet soon sho will be urcttv-od.
Up-to-Date.
IS A GEJEAT S0LD1EK.
Maj. Gen. Miles, Commanding tho
Armies of the United States.
lie Is Hcniieclocl !) Ileutiliir iih Woll
an Volunteer Troon HI Mnr
vcIoiih Nmccchm iih nu In
dian Flurhtcr.
Special Washington Letter.
Maj. Gen. Nelson A. .Miles, command
ing the armies of tho United States, is
very popular with all soldiers who
have served with him. The regulur as
well as the volunteer boldlera admire
and respect him. Some things concern
ing his military career were obtained
to-duy in casual conversation.
"I served under Gen. Miles at one
time," said an army olllcor on duty in
the war department, "and I have great
respect and admiration for lilui. I
think that you may say that ull tho ofll
ccrs and men who have ever been on
duty with Gen. Miles respect und ad
mire him forhis iuunly qualities, superb
courage, military genius and perfect
integrity.
"One thing you may emphasize, and
that is the fuct that all young West
Pointers who have served with Miles
love him and swear by him. He has
had the loyal and earnest support ns
well as tho affection of the young ofU
ccrs who have been so fortunate ns to
see actual campaigning with Allies
us their commander. His strongest
friends in the army to-day are
West Pointers. The old prejudice
against volunteer ofllccrs is fast dying
out. It is dead, so far as Gen. Allies is
concerned. I nm a West Pointer my
self, and I tell you not oven Napoleon
had the confidence and admiration of
his soldiers more than Gen. Miles has
had from his ofllccrs and men, and I
am one of them who would cheerfully
obey any order coming from him, no
matter what peril might be in the im
mediate future for me.
"Do you know that Gen. Miles never
lost a battle in his life, either in the
civil war, or during his Indian cam
paigns? When we were on tho fron
tier, with Indians outnumbering us ten
MAJ. GEN. NELSON A. SITrAlJa, "C. E. A.
to one, it wus necessary to send out
small detachments to attract largo hos
tile bands. On such occasions ofllccrs
and men asked but one question, and
that was: 'Will Gen. Miles lead us?'
And when they were informed that
Miles would be with us, there was no
hesitation, no doubt, no questioning,
but every man felt assured that vic
tory would result, and we were never
disappointed. Our commander chal
lenged admiration for his activity and
gallant leadership. Ho always led us
in every fight. He never sought to shield
himself. He is absolutely without fear
of anything mortal. In the Nez Perces
campaign olllcers begged him not to
expose himself, because there was a
general dread that all might be massa
cred if ho should fall.
"Gen Miles always dressed in a pic
turesque style when on the frontier. He
wore a broad sombrero, blue shirt, red
tie, buckskin coat and trousers, fringed,
with a bolt around his waist in which
were pistols nnd a large knife. He was
as well equipped for personal struggle
and danger as Huffnlo Hill or any other
ranger. He is one of the bravest of the
brave, and I have seen him under fire
with his olllcers and men; always cool,
always aggressive, and ready for every
emergency.
"Just after the Custer massacre Gen.
Miles took t-'U'S men and went after Sit
ting Hull and Crazy Horse, who, with
3,000 bucks, had settled down for the
winter. That was a daring undertak
ing, but. Gen. Miles enptured those In
dians who at that time regarded them
selves invincible.
"As an illustration of his cnrefulness
and keenness in denting with the Indi
ans, you might mention the peace talk
which ho had with Sitting Hull at Cednr
creek. The wily and dangerous Sioux
leader sent a flag of truce for the pur
pose of arranging terms of capitula
tion. Gen. Miiis r.a: Sitting Hull were
to meet midway between the linos of
Sioux and the Fifth infantry, and have
a nice quiet little peace talk. Accord
ing to the plans they met and held a
conference. Within a few moments a
big Sioux buck sauntered out toward
tho general and chief, and came very
close to them. At the some time, by
a previous order issued by Gen. Miles,
one of the infantrymen sauntered out,
and also approached the parleying com
manders, Then another Indian quietly
sauntered forth, and at the same time
one of the infantrymen imitated him.
This continued until there were six
Sioux bucks nnd six infantrymen sur
rounding Gen. Miles nnd Sitting Bull.
Gen. Miles then said: 'You nrc a bad
Indian. All of your bucks hero are
armed. They have weapons under their
blankets. You intended to kill me here
in cold blood. If nny one of your men
pulls a trigger one of my men will kill
you right in your tracks.' The old
chief had no desire to go suddenly to
the happy hunting grounds, and warned
his men to return to their places. One
by one they retired, and one by one
the infantrymen returned to their
ranks.
"Gen. Allies then said: 'Now, I will
give you five minutes to surrender. If
you do not do so 1 will open fire on
your band and annihilate you.' Sitting
Hull turned away, saying: '1 have
enough men here, as you sec, to wipe
out your entire army. Gen. Miles re
peated the remark, that in five minute
he would open flro unless the band sur
rendered. Sitting Hull went back to
his camp, delayed beyond the allotted
time, nnd Gen. Miles promptly ordered
his troops forward. The soldiers of tho
Fifth infantry understood their work,
and followed their commander. Tho
battle was not a prolonged one, for
Sitting Hull wus defeated and sur
rendered. "Gen. Miles Is a hard rider. He is an
athlete. lie is tall, erect, soldierly in
appearance, n splendid horseman and
a perfect mnrksmun either with a rifle
or a revolver. He rides a bicycle and
rides it well. He is a swimmer, boxer
and all around emergency man, no mat
ter where he may be placed. Buil'alo
Hill says there never was such a per
fectly equipped man for Indian fighting
in the entire army.
"Tho Nez Perces chief, Joseph, who
was one of the greatest of Indian lead
ers, had been pursued by several vig
orous fighters, with good commands,
and had eluded all of them. When Gen.
Allies, however, followed him and sur
rounded him, and when the old chief
realized that he had been out-generaled
In his own style of warfare, and in his
own country, he expressed amazement
and said: 'Who is this new chief that
has outwitted me? 1 know it must be
a new chief, for the others are chil
dren.' "Hy the way, I do not believe that
any general could luarn from books, or
under any instruction procure, the apti
tude for the disposition of troops which,
seems intuitive with Gen. Miles. In tho
same Nez Perces campaign, I recol
lect his promptness of action when he
came up with the Nez Perces and found
them entrenched. The country was
now to Gen. Miles. He had never been
there before. Hut, glancing over th
country, using his field glass, and ask
ing a few questions of the guides, he
began immediately the disposition of
his troops, nnd moved them with such
precision and celerity that Chief Jo
seph was outwitted and outgeneraled
with such dazzling quickness that he
uttered the remark above quoted.
Coming from a man of the undoubted,
ability of Joseph, I have always re
garded that reniurk ns one of tho great
est compliments that has over been paid,
to Gen. Allies as an Indian fighter.
"Grover Cleveland was president
when Gen. Schofteld retired. Do you
know that there are no two men in this
republic who ought to have greater ad
miration for each other than ex-Pres-ident
Cleveland and Gen. Allies. Their
lives have been parallel in civil and
military life.
"While Grover Cleveland was a poor
boy, sweeping the office for Lawyer
Bowers, in HulTalo, Nelson A. Allies was
a poor boy clerking in a store in Boston.
Grover Cleveland possessed exceptional
ability and sturdy qualities, and Law
yer Bowers took him into his home and
into his office and encouraged his early
struggles. Using military terms, I may
say that Grover Cleveland passed
through all grades of promotion in civil
life, just us Gen. Allies has passed
through all the grades of promotion in
military life. Just as the poor boy in
Buffalo was entering upon the practice
of the law, the poor boy in Boston was
entering upon tho military profession.
Strangers to each other, they were
struggling nlong the pathway of life;
and their lives were running in paral
lels, each of them nchieving a distinc
tion and success by sheer native ability
and merit. Each of them possessed the
genius of labor, and they toiled nnd
plodded along, each honestly doing his
besrt in his own sphere, and then their
lives converged and they came together
in the national capital. The poor boy
of Buffalo was chief executive, and the
poor boy of Boston became commander
or the nrmyV SMITH D. FltY.
I.lttle Willie Knew.
Sunday School-Teacher Come now,
children, toll me, what house is always
open to everybody to the rich and tho
poor, the young and the old, the sick
and the well? Do you know what house
I mean?
Little Willie Yeth, ma'am; I know.
Teacher Well, Willie, what house is
it?
Willie The police station. Balti
more Life.
l'artlullj Itotnriied.
Algy You say she only partially re
turned your affection?
Clarence Yes; and that's what I'm
kicking about. She returned all tho
love letters, but retuined nil the Jewel
ry. Judge.
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