m
w
r,'
f
"WE AEE INVINCIBLE.
Great Military and Naval Re
sources of the United States.
Soon "We "Will He In n Ponltloii to Cone
with the GrontcHt Power of
Uuronc, or Any Comhlnn-
tlon ot Them.
Special Correspondence.
It has always been our boast that
we are n peaceful nation; yet just as
booh as talk of war electrified the
country It became apparent that our
defensive and offensive strength is
equal to that of any country in the
world. Instead of having crippled our
navy, the cowardly destruction of the
battleship Maine in Havana harbor has
really strengthened it by giving an al
most incredible impetus to naval con
struction in American shipyards.
The battleships Kcarsargc nnd Ken
lucky, recently launched at Newport
News, will be ready for service in a
BATTLESHIPS ILLINOIS,
short time; and the three great battle
ships Illinois, Alabama and Wisconsin
urc rapidly advancing to the launching
Btate. These vessels are sister ship?,
exactly alike in construction and arma
ment, and will be the most effective
floating forts in existence. Their length
on load water line is P.G8 feet; normal
displacement, 11,525 tons; load dis
placement, 12,150 tons; maximum in
dicated horse power, 10,000; speed, 10
knots; complement, 400. Main bat
teries will consist of four 13-inch
breech-loading rifles, supplemented by
14 six-inch ropid lire guns. The 13-inch
guns are mounted in two barbette tow
ers of 15-inch Harveyizcd steel. Each
of these guns fires a hardened steel shot
of 1,100 pounds, with an impulse of 33,
C27 foot tons. While the navies of sev
eral European countries contain bat
tleships of greater dimensions, yet
these new American destroyers will
have superior powers of offense and de
fense, owing to more advanced con
struction and more modern arma
ment. It is evident thnt within ten years
the United States will be the second
naval power, a place now occupied by
France. The ships now in course of
construction, under an act of congress
passed in 1S90, were not to have been
completed for some years, but circum
stances mode hurry imperative, and
they will probably be ready for active
service within 12 months. At the same
time work is to be begun on the fiect
authorized by the present congress,
which is to consist of three battleships
of the first class, one to bo called the
Maine; six torpedo boat destroyers, six
torpedo boats and one gunboat for the
gieat lakes, to take the place of the ob
solete Michigan. Everything, in short,
points to the quick establishment of a
great modern naval power which, in
point of effectiveness, is destined in
time to surpass that of Great Britain
even.
A COMPARISON OF NAVIES.
Tablo Showing Strength of
Clash of vessels.
5
Hattleahlns. Ilrst etnas
29
114
1.257
21
2M
15
67
6
iSS
fSiitiM nf aiitnn i '.' .'
"" w I 8. II.
IlnUlcshlps, 2d nnd 3d clntu....
Guns of s.imo '
CIS
0
70
21C
12
10
w
67ft
0
IGi
8
24
Hun. nf tnrnA 3 f)
OCURUIUK GUU3V UUIUIIBO.
24
2.
b-
2021
Ufl
Nnn-tescolnu const defensn...
II
12
19
11
11
Guns of buiuo j H.'l.
ta
VI
81
2:
Armored cruisers ;",.'
Guns of same j g'y '
.lb
13
78
7
14
25(3
18
181
C7U
123
K5
2,372
251)
Protected nnd partially pro-
tecieu cruiBuri
Guns of fame j a.')!'
Unprotected cruisers
Guns of samo J. II .'
Gunboats, first class '.'."."
Guns of tame j y. j"'
Gunboats, 2d nnd 3d class
Torpedo-bout dost royois
Torpedo boats, tlrnt class
" " Fecund class,.,.
" " third olus
IIulsiind Ftatlonurr vessels..
hubfcldUod veol
Obsolete vessels
Dispatch, trulnln, transports,
repair tnirs and miscellane
ous vessels
47
41
LOSS,
64
231
14
II
48
45
83
ill
42
UK)
lift,
i!
79
2
2
n
U8
49
83
.SO
....
1U)
17
41
18
6
104
64
32
107
119
04
1
12
10
6
m
M
12
M
32
210
105
47
OfUccrs
Beamcu, ,,
2.220
4ii.su
1,1(40
27.&M)
.........
2.241
M.Ult!
7411
M7
17.KJ)
20,401
Marines ufllcurs
Marines Soldiers
Totnl actlvo list
naval rasorvos
221
2.6tX)
17.812
'.I.1U7
bJ,H.0, 21,513
84,Mol7O0
2 1, 721 ;
83.0X)
19.IM)
This column Is Inserted for purposes of comparison, tlncludos marlno corps.
11. U. Heavy nuns or primary buitory. B, U, beoondary battotlo. orllubtuuns.
In tho tnhlo plvon abovo, tho enumeration of vcssols of tho United States navy Include
ttM built uml building. ,
Tho defensive strength of our war
establishment must always depend ou
the navy. Our geographical location
renders invasion by a military force vir
tually impossible, but to wnrd off
liavnl attacks and prevent the bombard
ment of our great sea coast cities wo
must have coast defenses and battle
ships. In the future the United States
will not be able to maintain the isolated
position which up to this year has been
u tradition. Its varied commercial and
fcoclal interests, while its greatest pride,
ore also its greatest danger, and may
lead to complications with any one of
the powers of Europe whose aggressive
attitude may imperii American inter
ests or American honor.
Tho table given herewith, showing
the relative strength of the navies of
the world, indicates that we still have
much to do in the line of shipbuilding
before we shall be among the ilrst naval
powers, but n fair beginning has been
made and no one can doubt that wo
shall In time occupy the place rightful
ly ours.
While our regular army is a small
body numbering but 27,000 our mill-
ALABAMA AND WISCONSIN
tary resources are capable enough of
expansion and development to make 113
the most powerful military nation in
the world, the organized and unorgan
ized strength of each state being as fol
lows: Unorganized, but
available for
military
, , . Organized duty.
Alabama 2,483 165,000
Arkansas 2,020 250.000
California 3,909 214,029
Colorado 1,05(5 85,000
Connecticut 2,739 106,048
Delaware 458 2S.0S0
Florida 1,134 70,000
Georgia 4,450 264,021
Idaho 508 20,000
Illinois 6,260 760,000
Indiana 2.875 500.000
Iowa 2,470 294.874
Kansas 1,463 100,000
Kentucky 1,371 361,137
Louisiana 2,693 135,000
Maine 1,345 106,042
Maryland 1,725 160.000
Massachusetts 5.15C 433,975
Michigan 2,893 260,000
Minnesota 1,894 175,000
Mississippi 1,795 233,480
Missouri 2,349 400,000
Montana 032 31,381
Nebraska 1,168 101,026
Nevada 363 C.200
New Hampshire 1,105 34,000
New Jersey 4,297 385,273
New York 13,894 800,000
North Carolina 1,637 245,000
North Dakota 467 19,937
Ohio 6,004 C50.000
Oregon 1,423 59,622
Pennsylvania 8,521 87S.391
Rhode Island 1,315 85,000
South Carolina 3,127 177,000
South Dakota 696 .55,000
Tennessee 1,690 180,000
Texas 3,023 300,000
Utah 580 35,000
Vermont 743 44,161
Virginia 2,739 304,227
Washington 737 87,879
West Virginia 9C9 125,000
Wisconsin 2,711 372,152
Wyoming 350 8,000
Arizona 639 20,000
New Mexico 652 35,000
Oklahoma 547 50,000
District of Columbia 1,271 47,000
A recapitulation of this total by arms of
service shows as followa:
Generals, 68: olllcers on tho general staff,
916; regimental field and staff olllcers, 2,420:
company olllcers, 5,802; non-commissioned
olllcers, 20,455; musicians, 4.C14; privates,
80,007.
Certainly a nation so defended need
not be afraid of the armies and navies
of any foe. ' .
American nnd European Fleets.
.li
a k
5
&i
0
tic
'A
OJ C L.
le O o
o
Sin
14
124
1
9
Iftl
297
2
18
27
A
fl
24
6
2
84
W
10
lfiU
23a
3
1H
ia
18
107
123
18
1
a
29
4
11
10
in
816
832
2
27
in
4
41
3
R
75
1
W)
204
8
12
a
a
0
2
112
7
7
20
3.
105
7
n
40
C3
3
0
8
s:
rV
28
68
C6
84
ut
45
120
4
21
2.
17
18
100
IS
4
m
1W
31
20
12
2
a
8
45
80
10
100
137 ;
14
ill
813
23
62
237
8
3
2(1
53
20
59
12
08
10
81
lno
2
2
12
2
495
ltil
4
20;
2
10
4
21
20
24
24
21
81
2
224
12
23
4
11
II
80
!
34
84
62
2
S'J
83
tl,
49
2,
13
15
50
12
18
117
17
11
4
28
(I
(V
7l)
8
It)
07
31
2
8i)
8
10
14
7
60,
20
23,
'
M
21
08
25
M
41
88
03
4082
Ttti
017
i.2a
1.009
392
Stt
17C
6,70
123
1.201
8.V71I
11.900
Msm
IU.3U)
414)
0,03)
UI.H2U
20,0.0
4.090
tl20OJ
7(1
382
2,890
94
1H
44U,
1,2 JO
COS
13 313
2.000
40.632
10.tt'
B.27H
6,(89
4.((0
Villi))
23.000
1 '.WW1
WI.UX)1
12.500
HI 21
141 510
lift) 8,320
40 43
2W 1,700
l.Vi!f
40m
CUBAN EES0LUTI0N.
How It Was Passed by the Two
Houses of Congress.
A Leninlut I ve l'rocociUnir with Which
Not Mint)' Uutulcru Are Kniiill-
lur The Delicate Dutlon
of CuitforucH.
Bneclul Washington Letter.
Making laws in the national capital
is carried on in a manner which is mys
terious to the people; but perfectly
payable to close observers.
lor example, look at the Cuban joint
resolutions which so recently attracted
tho attention of the country. How did
those resolutions originate, and how
did they pass both houses of the con
gress? lluve you ever thought of the
details of it?
In the ilrst place resolutions were of
fered by ten or more senators, declar
ing that this country must intervene
to stop the barbarous warfare in Cuba;
to feed the starving people there, with
the aid of tho wurships; to avenge the
battlcbhip Maine; and to demand that
Spain withdraw her military aud navul
forces from Cuba and take her Hug from
this hemisphere.
How could the congress dispose of ail
of thoso leglslativo propositions? All
of them were Important, and every sen
ator who introduced a series of resolu
tions believed that ho had solved the
grave problem confronting the coun
try. All of them wanted immediate
consideration of their proposition, with
full debute. Hut none of them suc
ceeded. Congressional procedure Is simplified
by the nppointment of standing com
mittees. All matters of legislative in
tention are referred to appropriate
committees, and those committees first
give these proposed legislative propo
bitions nmple consideration.
For example, when a man wants a
pension by act of the congress his sena
tor or representative introduces a bill.
That does not bring the matter before
the congress; not, at all. The congress
pays no attention to the bill. It is re
ferred to the standing committee on
pensions, consisting of 11 senators in
one branch of the congress and 15 rep
resentatives in tho other branch.
Those committees consider the merits
or demerits of the bill. Yhen they
have reached a conclusion they report
tho bill either favorably or unfavora
bly. That is the first step, and the most
important step. If the committee re
ports the bill unfavorably it is never
again heard of nor thought of in the
congress.
The reason is very simple. After tho
members of the committee have inves
tigated the matter, and have concluded
that the bill hus not merit, the congress
goes on about its business, and the
other members take no Interest in the
bill.
The members of every committee are
jealous of their official standing. They
will bitterly nnd vindictively oppose
any effort on the part of the house or
JOSEPH U. FOUAKnR.
(The Most Radical Member of tho Senato
Foreign Affairs Committee.)
of the cenate to override their notion as
n committee. They always succeed in
their opposition.
On the other hand, if a bill Is reported
favorably by a committee, it is placed
upon the calendar along with a thou
sand or more other bills which have
been favorably reported, and it must
take itB turn for consideration. Thus
even when a bill has been favorably re
ported there is no certainty that it will
have any opportunity to become a law
by congressional notion. You must re
member that a bill or a joint resolution
must be passed by tho senate and also
by the house of representatives; and
that is a very hard matter to accom
plish. But bills and joint resolutions of na
tional interest take precedence, and aro
pushed along with rapidity. They go
through the regular channels of com
mittee consideration, but thoy are hur
ried along by what is called "unani
mous consent." That is to say, every
body in the congress agrees that there
shall be no deloj', and hence there 1b un
opportunity to hurry matters.
For example: It usually takes an ap
propriation bill two months to get
through tho committee on nppropria
tiony,. Then the bill goes to the cal
endar and awaits a convenient oppor
tunity for the chairman of the com
mittee to cull it up from the calendar,
and bring it to a vote. Sometimes ap
propriation bills are debated for a week
at a time or longer.
Hut to snow you how an appropria
tion bill can bu hurried along by unruit
luous consent, lot us look at the emer
gency appropriation of $50,000,000 for
tho national defense. That is an im
mense amount of money, nud, under
ordinary circumstances, it would tnko
tho congress two or three months to
dispose of it. Thcro are always men
in the senate and house of representa
tives who want to ask questions niul
make long speeches before they will
Vote for large appropriations of tho
public money.
1,1 ut hi this ence it wiib different. Con
gressman Cannon, of Illinois, chnlr
ni n n of the house committee on appro
priations, had a conference wMh Presi
dent MclCtnley, who informed him that
our battleship had been destroyed in
Havana harbor, that war would most
likely result, nnd that this country was
not prepared for war. We needed sea
coast defenses, battleships and all sorts
of military and naval accessories of war.
Congressman Cannon went to the cop
itol and quietly introduced n bill ap-
LEMUEL. E. QUiaa.
(New York's Member of tho House Foreign
Affairs Committee.)
propriating $50,000,000 for the national
defense. The very next morning tho
committee on appropriations took up
the bill, received information concern
ing our national situation, and then,
without delay, the committee favorably
reported the bill. Chuinnnn Cannon re
ported the bill to the house, nnd asked
"unanimous consent" for its Immediate
consideration.
Without any public specchmaking,
every member of the house of represent
atives had been given to understand
that this was an emergency appropri
ation; nnd there was no objection to
Its immediate consideration. It was
passed that day within 30 hours' after
it had been introduced. This shows
thnt the congress can act quickly if it
is deemed necessary.
Now, as to the Cuban independence
resolutions. All of them were referred
to the committee on foreign relations.
Thnt committee considered nil of tho
propositions advanced by those resolu
tions, but did not approve of any ono
of them. On the contrary, the com
mittee prepared and favorably report
ed n new set of resolutions, embody
ing the best features of all which had
been introduced; and the new set of
resolutions came before the senate with
the favorable report of the committee.
In the meantime the committee on
foreign affairs of the house of represent
atives had considered a score of resolu
tions of similar import, and had report
ed a new set of resolutions entirely dif
ferent from the resolutions reported to
tlic senate. Inasmuch as both the sen
ate uud house must absolutely agree
on every point before a bill or resolution
can bu enacted, this brought about a
peculiar condition. The senate passed
its resolutions, and the house passed its
resolutions.
Now what was to be done ? Iloth bod
ies must agree, but how? This brings
us to "the committee on conference.''
What 1s the committee on conference?
It is this: The senate appoints three
senators and the house appoints three
representatives. Those gentlemen meet
and discuss the differences existing be
tween the senate and the house of rep
resentatives. That is the case in all
mntters of congressional disagreement.
Well, as to the Cuban resolutions, the
"committee on conference" met in the
room of the senate committee on for
eign relations; and they could come to
no agreement. The senators reported
to the senate, and the representatives
reported to the house, and they could
not agree. They were then directed to
hold another conference. Again they
met; and this happened four times in
one day and night they were nt it un
til long after midnight.
Finally these gentlemen, ho were
called "conferees," reached an agree
ment. The senators agreed to recede
from n part of their propositions. The
representatives agreed to recede from
a part of their propositions. They re
ported to the senate and to the house
their mutual agreements and conces
sions. The benate and house accepted
the conclusions which hod been reached
by their constituted "conferees," and
the contest was over. That is the way it
was brought about. After all tho sen
ate, consisting of 00 senators, and the
house, consisting of 350 representa
tives, left the conclusion of the great
and grave matter to the wisdom and
conservatism of six men, three of the
best men from eacli branch of the con
gress. This is the method of reaching
conclusions lietween those great bodies.
SMITH D. FItV.
A cargo of yellow pine lumber has
been shipped from Testis to L'otnbuy.
HOUSEHOLD HINTS.
VnrloaM Itcnin of Vnetnl Inform'
lion for tlic Careful il
HotiHiMvlfc. n)
The clouded condition of a hlghly
pollshed piano surface is said to corm
from climatic changes. A piano fin-,
isher is authority for the statement
that a clean, soft chamois wrung out of
clear water and whied rapidly over tut
surface before a good polish is applied
is the proper treatment to remedy tho
defeet. A piano polish recommended',
by Miss t'arloa consists of equal part-
of paraffin oil and turpentine, applied,
with n soft ilanucl, then polislicd witltJ
linen.
There is so much individuality now
nduys- in furnishing that ninny -women,
arc more than delighted to have it exe
cuted directly under their own supcr
vislou. So many harmonious draperies
nnd furniture coverings can be ploktxB.
up now at low price that, with a dexter
ous pair of hands to nid, cushions, cozyr
corners, divans, cabinets nud the likcr
can be readily and incxpensiveljr
evolved.
To bo sure of having a wucccsHfttl
dinner in every respect, see thnt tho
dining-room is thoroughly aired for nt
least a half hour before dinner is
served. The dining-room may well he
a little under rather than over a mod
erate temperature, though arrange
ments should bo made to keep the nir
frcs.li without allowing draughts.
In cleaning malting use a weak salt
water solution, and always rub length
wise with tho grain. If there are grease
spots, take boiling sonpsuds aud the
scrubbing brush, then rinse carefully
with the salt water and rub dry.
It Is reported that in some of the in
dustrial schools classes in home up
holstery are formed, where yonnj;
women may learn the rudiments of this
useful art, and then go out by the ihrjr
to enrry on the work.
If a baby has a cold in the chest, rul
well with camphorated oil, cover with
soft flannel cloths soaked in olive oil
unci protect the clothing with another
layer of flannel.
To save time and strength in tho
wcckly ironing, remember that ilishi
towels and common towels enn he
ironed quite well enough and in hall
the time if folded together once.
Washington Star.
TROUBLE HIS SPECIALTY: (
In tho Civil War Iln Wiin n IlrlicI, Ilaff
AVnM I)rrifMl Into the ,
Union Army. (.
"I think if we have war I will enlist,
even if I am too old," said a Missouri!
man who was in n crowd that was waltz
ing for the Cuban news. "I never couldl
keep out of trouble. As my wife usett
to say, it's my specialty. When thft
civil war broke out I was u eonstltiv
tionnl union man, until we came to thd--couclusion
thnt the constitution wasn't,
worth a cent. Then I sidled over to th
confederate side, put up noma moncj"
for the boys anil helped them to thoi
front. About a year after, when wo
heard tho south was calling for men,,
my wife said she reckoned 1 ought io
go, and I got ready. The night before
1 was to go a squad of federals arrcstcdji
me aud I was taken to the guardhouse
aud kept there a week. I was fiiialljp
paroleil, but in order to get my llbcrtjp
I had to furnish bonds and to tnkc thet
oath of allegiance, as well as the Drake
Kodmnn oath, which no man could take
without perjury.
"I tried to attend to business, but
somehow I devoted more time reading
I'omeroy's Democrat and l'at Donnn
Caucasian than I did to my own affairs.
"Along toward the close of the war
the governor ordered a fresh draft, anil!
nearly every man in the town suddenly
becninc nenr-sighted or had some inca
pacitating ailment. One day I reccivcil
notification to call nt the captain's of
fice, and thcro I was informed that X
had been drafted, and was required to
report for examination. Out of six men.
in my end of town I was the only man
that pleased the examining surgeon
He said I was the finest specimen ol
physical manhood he ever beheld. Fox
the first time in my life I envied cross-eyed
men and hunchbacks.
"I explained thnt I was not siiffT--eiently
loyal to make a good union sol
dier. Hut I was informed thnt I could J
find u substitute who would he. It vrns.
at a time when substitutes were active
and in demand. And when I nt Jnst
found one who was acceptable it cost
mc $500.
"Aside from wanting to fight, any
woy, I shall enlist if they will take me,,
for if I don't they'll get me later, if not
on one side, on the other." N.Y. Sun-
Mcrlntciitt Itlce l'utlritnir.
U,oil one cup of rice in one quart of
milk until it is tender, remove from the
fire, and stir in the yolks of three eggs
that have been previously beaten; add
sugar to suit the tuste, a pinch of suit,
the grated rind of one lemon and a lit
tle of the juice; turn this into a but
tered pudding dish; make a meringue
of the whites of the eggs by bcatiiif
them stilT, and add to them four tnhle
spoonfuls of sugar and the rcmnhiint
juice of the lemon. Put the meringue
roughly over the rice mixture muV.
brown it lightly in the ovii. This fiud
ding may be served warm or eoid. Stir
ring the yolks of the eggs into the hot
rice cooks them sufficiently.- Housewife.