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About The Nebraska advertiser. (Nemaha City, Neb.) 18??-1909 | View Entire Issue (March 11, 1898)
if AGRICULTURAL HINTS ORGANIZED EFFORT. Oootl HoihIm AKitntlnu lit AVlnooimln Amhiiiiich I'ravtloiil Komi. The Wisconsin division of the Cen tury Pond Club of America hns sprung u sensation. Fver since the publication of the fact tlint the Century lloud club members were going to shame the great state of Wisconsin Into building better roads, there has been a real interest manifest in the project. This new-born iictlvity is not confined to Milwaukee, but extends throughout the state, as wide publicity lias been given to the plan of building better highways. Due credit should be given State Centurion 11. L. Marshall, whose untir ing energy is responsible for the new moicmcnt. Mi1. Marshall has outlined the work in an ingeniously constructed circular addressed to local centurions. It is proposed to petition the state legis lature to appropriate the sum of $500, 000 for road improvements. For every dollar given by the state, another dollar 'will be contributed by riders of wheels. The whole arrangement is exceedingly comprehensive. For the purpose of ob taining signatures to the petition, the ft kK .?,.. wewannwo:3iaie roads through (he Slate, bulll and maintained by the State. e You With Us? aDDncssj r -firs' vii 3lUUvaukcc,tDi5. STATE CENTURION, WISCONSIN DIVISION CENTURY ROAD CLUB OP AMERICA. AN IDEA PROM WISCONSIN. state will be divided into districts, co extensive with the political divisions set apart for the election of state as semblymen. Each of these districts will be in charge of a captain, who will see to it that his lieutenants obtain the signatures of every citizen who is inter ested in road improvement. It is pro posed to have each assemblyman head the list in his respective district, so that the legislature will simply be petition ing itself. Every wheelman and wheelwoman who signs the petition agrees to give one dollar for road building as soon as the state has made the appropriation. When the monstrous petition is com pleted, it is proposed to have 1,000 wheelmen visit the state capital and present the document to the legislature in support of a good roads bill. Of course the local centurions in all the towns will lead their respective dele gations to the capital. As an aid to the enterprise, State Centurion Marshall has caused to be made a sketch of the state in outline, with the proposed road ways running through it. A eut of the design is published herewith, and it will be used on the backs of envelopes by all enthusiastic cyclists and their business friends. Speaking of the pro ject, State Centurion Marshall said: "Members of the Wisconsin division have long, realized that only by active work could anything be accomplished in the way of road improvements. Jn such an enterprise we are dealing with politicians and the only way to treat with a politician is to allow him to make no promises. Performance is the thing, and we propose to make the pol iticians perforin. All the talk in the world would not build u mile of road. What you need is sand, and perhaps gravel, not to disdain a few rocks to help out the plan. "I have realized all along what a great task this is, but 1 think it can be accomplished. Our petition cannot be ignored by the legislature, when it is signed by nil the members before it is presented. It takes a nervy politician to deny his own signature. We who ride only on the Highways are compe tent to judge of what is needed. We propose to give dollar for dollar with the state, and shame the common wealth into an act of civilized progress. The design 1 have made is for use on the backs of envelopes, and we want all the members of the legislature to begin us ing these designs, even if we have to present them with their stationery. We do not expect to do much talking about this matter, except where it will pro mote the project. What we need more than anything else Is a little action." Cor. Cycling Gazette. A subscriber has two cows that give bloody milk after calving. This is caused by blows or commencing inflam mation from other causes; local con gestion, with inereuhed ilow of milk. Give a dose of salts, restrict the diet and rub daily with compound tincture of iodine with three times its bulk of water. Western Plowmun. . Jty JHU010M 1 J II C Y V" fi l l H:wVm v MAM&ON DESTRUCTIVE FUNGUS. How to Trout Ilrown-llot on I'lnms with CoiiNliIcrnblc KITeet. i It is scarcely necessary to repeat the1 general remarks on treatment for fun gus diseases published in several previ ous bulletins. Hut concerning brown rot (Monilia fructigenu) we may ?ay that only the iriost persistent effort can hold this fungus in check. As all grow ers hnve observed, the decayed fruits hang to the twigs and persist over win ter. It is from these in the early days of spring that an abundant crop of spores nre borie, and the petals of the flowers, young leaves, and even many branches, are attacked. Those mum mied fruits also hang on all summer and continue to produce spores. Hence, by the time the fruits become half-grown or begin to mature, the infecting spores may come from the old decayed fruits of the previous year or from more re cent infection on the young growth of the current year. Whenever the fruit has become badly attacked treatment is quite useless. The propc plan is to remove nil de cayed fruit from the orchard when: the trees are free from foliage, as It'oWi be easily seen at this time; then, before the buds swell in the spring, wash the trees thoroughly with a solution of concentrated lye or of sulphate of cop per. The llrst solution should be made by dissolving eight cans of lye in SO gallons of water, and the copper sul phate (hlucstone) in 50 gallons of wa ter. I consider the lye preferable, but the latter may tie somewhat pleasanter to handle. This washing is very im portant and perhaps does as much real good as all later work. The later washings should be given as follows: Weak Hordeuux just as color shows plainly in the bloom-buds, and repeated soon as bloom has fallen. If the work is well done to this point very little infection will have survived. Concerning value of later sprayings I much in doubt. If the early washing is not well done, 1 hnve almost no faith in later treatment. All washing or treatment of orchnrds should be done with a spray-pump. Poor, half work is usually a dead loss--. William P. Alwood. in liulletin Vir ginia Experiment Station. BEST SOIL FOR PEARS. Grow Alccly on Clnycy (.round mill III! It HlllNllIt. Clay soil is considered best for pear culture, and still it should not be too tenacious and sticky. A pear orchard will not thrive so well, says Green's Fruit Grower, on any soil that has not a clay subsoil. Next to a friable clay loam, a gravel loam is most desirable. A light, sandy soil is the least desirable of any, and yet pears can be grown u sandy soil. Standard pears can be planted UO to HO feet apart, according to circumstances and habits of growth. If planted :t0 feet apart, dwarf pears can be planted between the rows each way. I prefer a standard pear for gen eral orchard culture, for the reason that they require less fertility and cultiva tion, and for the further reason that they are longer lived and make larger and more permanent trees. When the question came up for a vote, however, before the Western New York Horticul tural society, we found th.it the dwarf pear was the favorite for orchard plant ing or for garden. Dwarf pears have the advantage of coming into earlier bearing. The dwarf pear is not sliort lived. It requires more pruning and more attention than the standard pear. Many varieties do better on the dwarf pear than on the standard. 1 should not locate a pear orchard or any other orchard in a low piece of ground, t should locate on a hillside. The pear is easily transplanted. J transplant several thousand every spring, and they do not lose on an average one out cf one hundred trees. Pear trees come into bearing earlier than the apple. RASPBERRY VINES. How tn 1CM! Them (ruin SliriiwIInK All Over the Lot. My way is to llrmly drive four-foot stakes one rod apart and nail to each, 30 inches above the ground, a slfbrt .--V- .' TRAINING RASPBERRY; VINES. piece of plank two feet in length and saw a notch close to each end of the upper edge. In these notches lirmiy stretch No, 10 wires and brace back the end posts. The accompanying il lustration makes perfectly clear this simple and effective way of doing the work. The advantages of keeping rasp berry and blackberry vines from sprawling all over the lot will be best appreciated by those who have tried this method. Farm and Home. Is it true that cows milked nearly up to the time of calving, will drop smaller calves? asks a subscriber. That is fhe theory of borne, but we have never seen uuy evidence of Its truth. . ... xp , FARM AND GARDEN. ROAD ENGINEERING. The Seleiice Should lie TnttKht In Kvery Aicrleulturnl School. The suggestion that the money de posited in postal savings banks, if es tablished, should be loaned for the pur pose of building good roads has been favorably received in most quarters; but F. H. Hay, a pioneer good roads man of Montana, thinks that public debtsare already large enough, and that more knowledge of the best methods should be acquired before undertaking such general and elnboratc work. Ho says, in the L. A. W. Bulletin: "Ignorance is far more responsible for bad roads than lack of expenditure. Without disparagement of the many honest, well-meaning road officers, the fact remains that road funds are large ly misspent because officials hae had no adequate training for such work. Many road reformers believe the im perative prelude to a general system of good roads, economically constructed and well maintained, is a sufficient number of resident, competent road engineers and country road supervis ors, and that no bonding should be con sidered before a county has road ofll cers who demonstrate their ability by building a few miles, at least, of per manent good roads with the funds an nually raised by taxation. "How is it possible to use road funds wisely, over extcnsie area, until a majority recognize that special skill is required for that work, and elect thoroughly qualified olllcials? Is not the most urgent need therefore, for competent road-builders, instead of greater expenditure? Would not efforts to provide such trained ollicinls yield far more satisfactory and less costly results than creating road debts? Jf every state had one or more schools doing what the agricultural college of Jthode island Is accomplishing, viz., giing u practical course in road-making, and if in addition, after, say ISOi), no one was eligible to a road office who had not graduated with a good record from such schools, would not the great obstacle, to better roads be re moved? . . . "Finally, counties that are equipped with competent road ofticcrs should, before borrowing, exact a cash instead of a labor road or poll tax, and remove the discrimination which exempts men aged 45 and up. If. then, the communi ty wish to bond, they should observe two precautions llrst, place the In terest burden only on those lands bene fited by the improved highway, and, second, make the bonds short time und payable in legal tender." BROAD-TIRED WAGONS. IloHiilt of Ton In Conducted nt the .MlMNOiiri K-iierlmcnt Hindoo. The Missouri experiment station has made a large number of experiments during the past two jears with the draft of broad and narrow-tired wag ons. These tests have been made with the ordinary narrow-tired wheels and with six-inch tires, on macadam streets, gravel and dirt roads in all conditions, on meadows, pasture, stubble and plowed fields both wet and dry. Bulle tin No. 3D of the station, by Director II. .1. Waters, gives the results of these tests. The broad tires pulled materially lighter on fhe macadam street and the gravel roads. Also on dirt roads in all conditions except when soft or sloppy on the surface, underlaid by hard road bed, and when the mud was very deep and sticky, in both of these conditions the narrow tires pulled considerably lighter, it should be borne in mind, however, that the roads are in these conditions for a comparatively short period of time, and this at seasons when their use has naturally been reduced to the minimum. The testa on meadows, pastures, stubble land, corn land and plowed ground in every condition, from dry, hard and firm to very wet and soft, show, without a single exception, a large saving in draft by the use of the broad tires. The bulk of the hauling done by the farmer is on the farm, in hauling feed from the fields and hauling manure from the barns, etc. The actual ton nage, hauled to market is insignificant in comparison with that hauled about on the farm, inasmuch as a large pro portion of the products of the average farm is sent to market in the form of live stock or its products. It is clearly shown by these experiments that in many instances where the narrow tire is very injurious to the road or field, the broad tire proves positively beneficial when the same load is hauled. When it Is considered, therefore, that the av erage draft of the. broad tire is materi ally less than the narrow tire, and that the injury done to the roads and faims by the narrow tire can be almost wholly corrected by the use of the wide tires, there remains no longer any good reason for the use of the narrow-tired wagons. These experiments further in dicate that six inches is the best width of tire for the farm and road wagon, and that both axles should be the same length, so that the front and rear wheels shall run in the same track. Prairie Farmer. The Father of Itut. If water stands on a road it soon ruins it; ruts collect and retain water: I the narrow tire is the Father of Huts. I Good Ponds. HILLSIDE ICE HOUSE. It CohIh Hut a Few I)cllnr to Haltd it Good One. From n steep hillside or, better yet, n creek bank facing the north, excavate, as for a dugout, a room about a foot larger each way than in required to hold the amount of ice to be packed. If the bank or hillside is steep enough, the drainage question is easily disposed of by digging the front end of tho cavo bottom lower than the remainder. Set a strong post at each corner of the room long enough, in every instance, to reach the top of the ground. With rough lumber of any kind build up the sides and back by putting the ends of the boards behind the corner posts. This will prevent caving. Then set four more posts just a foot inside the first set. These should correspond in length to the others. The floor Inside this last set is n foot or so higher than the remain der. The house Is to be entered from the front, where a door should bo made. Tho roof Is composed of rough boards or even straw; anything that will turn sun and rain. Jn packing the ice, straw and chaff may be used. Hegln by taking poles cut to tho required length, and build- FI,OOH PLAN OF ICE HOUSE. ing up the inside wall of the ice house as you would nu old-fashioned railpen. Build about a foot at a time, then pack in the ice, filling in all the chinks be tween the cakes with ice and chaff. Then pack straw between the two walls tightly. It is much handier, in taking out the lee, if the layers are kept distinct. When full, cover over with straw, leaving a space between the top and the roof. There is little trouble in keeiiimr ice if the drainairc 1b urood, which this sort of a house insures, pro vided there is a way for the accumula ting water In the bottom to escape. This is easily accomplished by means of a few joints of tile or a wooden trough. Orange .ludd Farmer. A FAIR PROPOSITION. According to It ISood ItottdH Are Very Kiin)- to .Secure. A Pennsylvania paper says that a competent engineer and contractor of fers to give bonds to gridiron Lancaster county with first-class macadam roads within five years, so that there won't be a farmer who will live over a mile and a half from one of these roads on any side of him, and three-fourths will live immediately on them, provided a four mill tax per annum on the county's valuation (outside of Lancaster and Columbia) be paid him for ten years. This looks like an easy way to get good roads. The county is about i.'B by 30 miles, so it would require nearly 500 miles of road to cross it in both ways, every three miles. Hut the contractor allows for building GOO miles, as fol lows: EXPENDITURES. 300 miles, 35 feet wide, at J3.000 J900.000 300 miles, 10 feet wide, at $2.000 000.000 Interest on annual expenditures... 250,000 Repairs for 5 years 300,000 Jl.850,000 RECEIPTS. Tax 4 mills, annually for 30 years on valuation, ?0C,01,8tI $2,GG4.fi70 Interest on annual receipts r.'js,637 S3 2G3 207 Deduct expenditures li&wjooo Net profit , J1.413.207 And this on a tax of only four dollars on each thousand of valuation. L. A. W. Hulletin. 1' re purl ii k' llintei ror .Market. There is one point to which 1 want to call your attention in regard to work ing and putting up the butter. Adopt a trademark. Then, when your butter (ocs to market it will make no dif ference in what part of the country you find it you will be able to swear to it. Make it uniform and make It look attractive. If it only catches the eye of one here and there it makes a market for your butter. Print nil prints alike. J advocate print butter for the farmers because they are able to do it better and it helps the trude. Turn out a good quality of butter, make it look nice and send it to mar ket and you farmers will have no rea son to complain of low prices because people will find you are selling a good article that looks nice when it comes onto the table. Farmers' Jlevlew. Vounic IMkm In the Orchard, Orchardists will find.u lot,f vigorous young pigs next spring almost as good as an extra hired man. They can bo turned loose in the orchard to root at will or kept in pairs in small moveable pens about 14 feet square, built close around the tree. By this latter plan they will do some very thorough work. There is small profit In the pig unless he works for u liviug. Dakota Field and Farm. I Tee M -- C O, Win SMARTER THAN FOUR WOMEN. Junk .linn Svho nought n Fine Wnrit rolic for HlKht-Hlx Out. "Can you recommend an honest junk man?" asked MrR. McGosh the other uny of, one of the pensioners about her plnce. "We're going to mov. you know, ntid wc have a rnft of old stuff. I should like- to dispose of." "An honest junkmnn!" wns tc pessi mistic reply. "I can send you a junk man, but lie won't be honest." Honest or not, hls."junkship" came at the time appointed. "I hear you are going to move, ain't It?" he remnrked us he waddled in at the side gate. The four women of the family were on the back steps to meet him, each and every one of them having vowed to bo asslmrpundkccntifi a razor in thctrniiR aetions to follow, and all together hop ing that the dealer in old clothing and other cast-off nrtlolos would not get tho better of them in tho bargains to bo driven for the old suits nnd dresses, tho old iron, the bottles, rags and other stuff piled up in tho separate heaps on the cellar iloor. The stuff they had to offer had cost hundreds of dollars when new, and they had figured it out that not even a junkman would think of. offering less thnn $120 for the lot. At tho end of their bartering they had a differ ent idea, and the junkman had their Btuff for n good deal less, too, than WO. "Come on, junkcy," said the leader of the quartette of females, starting away to the cellar. "We'll start in with the chenp things first. What do you pay for rags?" "Half n cent n pound," was the reply. Three or four bags tlint must have weighed more thnn 200 pounds woro produced nnd knocked down at half n, dollar, the junkman cutting the weight, by working the short nrm o'f his steel yards under his elbow. "Now we'll sell the old clothes," de clared one of the ladies, dragging forth nn opera cloak of blue velvet with ostrich feather trimming and lined with yellow satin. "How much for that?" "I'll veigh It nnd see," replied tho junkmnn, nnd when he hnd done bo offered the grand sum of five cents. "What!" exclaimed the young woman in excitement; "Jive cents for a gar ment like thatl" "Dot's no garment mlt me," replied the junkman complacently, "eve.ry tlng Is rngs, und I give you pig velght." "Well, how much for this?" asked an other of the women, hauling forth a cast-off dress suit once worn by her father. "Ten cents," replied the junkmnn, ninklng a recklessly extravngant guess after "hefting" the suit in one hnnd. "Well, I declare!" gasped the young lady in astonishment. "Five cents for a silk-lined opera cloak as good as new except a little out of style, and ten cents.' for n full dress suit!" ' "Veil, don't sell 'em if you don't vnnt to," said the junkmnn unconcernedly. "I can't stay here, though, if you don't vnnt to sell." "We do want to sell, but we thought you would give something like what things nre worth." "I give nil they are vorth to me," re plied the junkmnn. "Hf you vnnt Hint, 1 take it; ef you don't, J go." The result wns that the junkman got the opera cloak and the evening suit for 15 cents less by far thnn he paid for POO pounds of rags and took away be sides eut glass bottles anu miciy wrought chnndellers that couldn't bo duplicated for hundreds of dollnrs. When the nccounts Avere flnnlly settled up the junkman paid over 80 'cents for his plunder and the four women of the McGosh fnmily looked at one another in foolish amazement. "Well, we've got rid of the old stuff nt nny rate," said the mother, "and If tlint miserable junkmnn did cheat us it Is better thnn having our new house lit tered up with a lot of plunder that In no use to anyone." Chicago Times- Herald. Over-Inilulicenee Children. One of the greatest mistakes that pa Tents make is the over-indulgence to children. Helng too indulgent is a great mistake and in time works in jury. The child who has his every wish and whim gratified grows up self willed amd arrogant and overbenring, which at times is a source of trouble to everyone in the house. He looks upon his parents us menials, loses that re spect, love and obedicneeduethopnrent, and when he goes out in the world to anake his living lie finds tlint the world can get nlong without him, nnd will not put up with his nonsemse. This lswhero the injury works. He then discovers, but too Inte, that his training has been wrong. Therefore, pnrents, see that you rear your children tlint they may be a benefit to themselves if to nobody else. Detroit Free Press. To limine it Hum. Put the ham imto water the night pre vious to cooking, the next day wnsh it in worm water; trim It by cutting away all the yellow fat nnd misty parts; take off the knuckle and pare down all the under part; put it in a stewpan and just cover it with water; Iny in a slice of beef cut into pieces, a few onions, a fagot of sweet herbs, three smnll car Tots nnd a little allspice; simmer from three to six hours it must depernd en tirely upon Jhe size and weight. Take out the ham and skin it; glaze and .serve on a puree of vegetables. The braiso may be' made into a rich, brown soup, thickened and flavored with wine; it may serve also for the fluvoring of oups. Ladieb' World.