M
C
m -
PICTURESQUE OLD CITY.
yk. !ho Most Falthftd Romnant of tho
jxuacuo .agog.
lUldcnhclm, a Ilnnovcrnnlnn Town,
CuntnliiH Alnny Knrc Historical
Treasure) A Hone IlanU
1,100 Ycnrn Old.
Special Berlin Letter.
Hildesheiin Is one of the oldest nnd
most interesting towns in Germany, and
I recently spent a day there sightsee
ing. At present it lies in the Prussian
province of Ilanovcr, nnd it is easily ac
cessible by rail from Brunswick. Dur
ing the middle ages, though, Hildeshelm
ivas a powerful and very wealthy com
monwealth of its own, and it waged
war successfully against the bellicose
Ijishops and dukes of the neighborhood.
Its citizens were so proud and luxu
rious that on festival days they would
cat and drink out of nothing meaner
than pure gold nnd silver, nnd the
ivorld-famcd "Hildeshelm treasure" a
collection of rarely artistic and beauti
ful dishes, plntcs, tankards, etc., of solid
silver, buried in times of war by a cau
tious Hildesheim burgher and now ac
cidentally dug out of the earth again
after the lapse of centuries gives plain
evidence of these bygone days.
To-dny, however, Hildesheim is a pro
vincial place, narrow, very bigoted and
unenterprising; ouly its antiquities give
it interest to the outsider. With Prot
estants all around it, it hns remained
Catholic, and is the see of n bishop. The
name itself, Hildesheim, meant in the
THE CITY HALL,
ancient German of its founders' days
"Home of the Saints." Charlemagne
Limself is the ruler who, about 1,100
years ago, made Hildesheim one of the
strongholds of the new Christian faith
in the northern pnrt of German'.
He it was, too, who planted that an
cient rosebush which is still putting
forth myriads of buds and ilowers every
year, sheltered by the inclosure of the
inner court of the Dorn, or cathedral,
against the rough winds of winter, and
still the greatest curiosity of all in the
ancient town. A couple of years ago
this rosebush began to ail and it was
then feared that it was dying. But a
learned old gardener was summoned
COURTHOUSE AT HILDESHEIM.
who prescribed for the plant, tended
it for months, put now vigor into its
roots, nnd the following spring the bush
showed its gratitude by becoming once
more covered with pink roses roses by
the bushel. The roots nnd the thickest
stems are protected by n pretty semi
circular railing of forged iron. Some
graves of bishops and priests nre nenr
it, and the choristers' pillared halls are
also close by. The top branches of this
bush cluster under the roof of the rear
wing of the cathedral, CO feet and more.
Another point of interest is the so
culled Romnn emperors' house, an an
cient patrieiau residence once belong
ing to one of the wealthiest burghers,
who had it built in the flftceuth cen
X tury and then decorated by great
sculptorsand painted by Nuremburg ar
tists. The bronze and stone sculptures
nre of special moment to the student
and lover of nncient, nnive art, an art
teeming over with ideas and original
conceits, but not quite up to all the
trickB of the modern technique.
1
lfEBBffllfffn .
3 ajjJUtui.iiwyww y
In four niches arc magnificent stntuea
In more than life size of n few of tho
most famous known emperors, and a
lower frieze shows, in three rows di
vided by ornamental strips, the medal
lion portraits (in bronze) of the entire
line of known rulers, from Augustus
down to the last, Romulus Augustutus,
in -170. There are humor and rest, too,
in some of the other sculptured ornn
ments, but it needs n close study to
discover it, as the artists of those days
loved to hide their humorous concep
tions to the eye of the unwary.
Of distinctive interest, too, is a very
tall building facing the central mar
ket square, a building which might
properly be called the forerunner and
prototype of the "skyscraper" of to
day, for it has eight stories and stands
considerably over 100 feet high. It is
also richly decorated nnd ornamented
in its lower stories, and in color effects
for much of this is painted nnd
heavily gilded it is quite gay. Mottoes
and shrewd sayings nre likewise inter
twined by the artists of these early
days who built it about the time of
Luther.
The Hildesheim city hall, too, is worth
a visit. The ancient structure has been
repeatedly renovated, and it makes u
very stately effect. To right and left of
it narrow, winding lanes open, nnd nn
ancient well, built and dedicnted to the
saints during the cholera epidemics of
the fourteenth century, spurts crystal
wnter. Inside the city hall the visitor
does well to view with special attention
the banquet hall upstairs. Gigantic
frescoes tell the striking events in local
history, including the legend that has
grown up anent the ancient rosebush.
AT HILDESHEIM.
Fine oaken carvings and pnnelings sup
plement this. .Not fnr I'rom the city
hall is the ancient chapter house of the
Knights of the Temple, dating from the
days of the Crusades, ft is entirely con
structed of rough rubble stone; the
windows show the pure Romanesque
arch, and the stone carvings, etc., nre
of the kind which the unskilled hands
of the men of those days was able to
contrive. But in front tlmrc is an ad
dition, built against the original wall
later, and much prettier nnd more fin
ished. To-dny there are no more
knights in the building. Instead, a
well-to-do baker has purchased the
whole structure and is conducting his
business inside. Sic transit gloria
mundi.
Quite n number of other interesting
old buildings are to be s.een in the im
mediate vicinity, though the natives
set no great store by them, being used
to see them every day. It is a pecul
iarity of these Hildesheim patrician
houses that they show a great wealth
of outside paintings and rhymed mot
toes. Many of these are funny or sar
castic, a few are obscene, or that to
day seem so to our more squeamish
idens.
The town. too. is full of old churches
and convents, but it is not so easy to
gain access to them and view their fu
riosities as it is in other towns. The
whole ancient part of Hildesheim and
outside of a few streets near the rail
way depot there is nothing new is
nbout as pitiful a remnant of the mid
dle ages as one may find anywhere in
the world. The streets go uphill and
downhill, often quite steep, and here
nnd there they nre so narrow that peo
ple inside the houses can almost shake
hands across. These streets are cool in
summer nnd mild in winter, but from a
hygienic point of view they cannot be
recommended.
WOLF VON SCniEUBItAND.
Lcitrony, In Frniice.
At the international congress of lep
rosy, which hns just been brought to n
conclusion at Berlin, the startling fnct
was elicited that the disease is very
prevalent in France, especially in the
northern districts thereof, nnd that it
i3 on the incrense. This discovery nnd
the datn furnished by the French med
ical authorities contributed in no smnll
measure to the resolution voted by tho
congress to the effect that leprosy is,
contagious.
The WlNilum of Nature.
The fish's belly is white and his bnck
green because in swimming nbout in
the water the white belly is the color
of the light shining through the water,
hence protects him from his enemy be
low. His bnck being green makes him,
on the other hand, appear from above
as part of the green water, nnd is his
safeguard from hawks and other enemies.
FARM AND GARDEN.
POINTS ON DRAINAGE.
Hew to Keep n, Jtonri In Ciood Condi
lion the Year Around.
Tho grent enemy of good roads is'
water. It does more to injure them
thnn any other one thing, unless it
be narrow tires; but those can be
changed by common consent or by
legislation, while rain, like death and
taxes, is sure to come and is certain
to do harm unless it is enrried off nnd
away by a thorough system of drain
age. If this is not accomplished, a
smooth, compact surface cannot be
mnintnlncd, nnd the effect of cold
weather and frost will be disastrous.
Drainage is often neglected, or very
poorly done, because the effect of wnter
on roads is not fully realized. Roads
only too frequently become the gutters
of the country on account of being
level, or even trough-like in shnpe, nnd
because of being insufficiently drained,
and the sides not kept elenn so that
wate.r can readUy flow oJT the surface,
if the center of the road is not some
what raised so that water falling on it
will run freely into suitable gutters or
ditches, pools nnd mudholes will be
formed and the whole road become
soaked, to its lasting detriment.
It is nlso important that a road be
so laid that no water shall be able to
find its way upon it from adjoining
lands which may be higher and shed
the rainfnlls toward the roadway. It
often happens, too, that the sides of
n road nre at different levels, and thnt
at some low point the water from the
ditch on the higher side flows across
and joins the lower ditch, maintaining
a perpetual mudholo at such crossing.
The heavy rains of the past season have
afforded many a startling object lesson
of both these points, and inadequate
gutters and ditches, more or less filled
with obstructions, have been responsi
ble for serious injury to the roads.
Fiom just these causes miles of mac
adam were so badly washed that thou
sands of dollars will be required to
make good the damage.
It is necessary for the surface of a
road to act as n roof to keep the base
dry, shedding nil water that falls upon
it, nnd nmple drainage must then carry
it entirely off the road limits. Side
ditches should have a fall throughout
their length, their size depending on
the volume of water they are likely to
be required to carry. If the water cuts
their bottom the channel should be pro
tected with n pavement of sonic sort.
Frequently it is impossible to make
open ditches deep enough to drain the
center of the roadbed, and in such cases
side or central drains should be used.
The foundation course of a macadam
road needs to be sufficiently jxrous so
that such rain ns may soak through the
top covering, or work in from the sides,
may find its way into the earth, where
it can be led off by drains. A drain of
four-inch earthen pipe placed beneath
each gutter at n depth of fully 3V. feet
below the crown of the rond, and cov
ered with coarse gravel, pebbles or
broken stone, nearly up to the surface,
should be used, though if the road lies
in a very wet place a larger drain lo
cated under the center of the road
bed is more effective. A slight fall is
essential, nnd also a free, open outlet.
With attention to these details, nnd a
system of continuous repairs, it is not
difficult to maintain a good roadway.
Good Roads.
PATHS AND WALKS.
They Add .Much to the Comfort of the
Karmer'N Finally.
The walks about farmhouses are too
often not only unattractive, but at
many times disagreeably muddy. The
rut shows u plan for making a very ucnt
SUBSTANTIAL FARM PATH.
and permnnent walk. A shallow trench
is dug out, and the bottom filled with
jound stones. Smaller ones are placed
on tlie.se and gravel on top of nil. At
either side nre placed two strips of
board, nailed together, as shown. This
keeps the outer edge of the walk
straight and true and free from grass,
that will grow with the ordinary walk.
The board at the bottom keeps out
much grass that otherwise would grow
in under the upright board. American
Agriculturist.
CotVM Keiiiilrc Illuh Kood.
A cow cannot go from day to day,
putting n pound or more of casein in
her milk unless she has the necessary
protein in her duily feed, over nnd
nbovc what is required for mainten
ance, to make this casein. She ennnot
put fat in her milk in paying quan
tities unless the material for it is in the
ecu. she consumes. Hence the grent
importance of feeding a cow in such n
manner as will enable her to do her
best and nt the lowest cost. This is ac
complished ns a rule by feeding prop
erly balanced rations, due regard be
ing had at all times to tho relative
cost of the several available food
stuffs. -Dakota Field and Farm.
In the full is one of the best times to
set out raspberry planU.
FOR KICKING COWS,
A Slulilo ArrniiKfinent Thnt AVI 11 Ef
fect ix Cure.
I have found the plan illustrated be
low n very good one for kicking cows.
A pole three inches in diameter and tho
length of stall is swung in front
through nropcloop in the top of manger
nenr tho feed box. At the rear, nbout
20 inches from the floor, is a piece of
plank 1-1 or 10 inches wide, with several
auger holes from the left to right lnrge
enough to receive the end of the pole.
When n cow is disposed to kick, I tie
her head to n ring in front, put the pole
through the rope loop, crowd her over
against tho partition, nnd put the roar
end of pole in one of the auger holes in
the plank. Next pass n rope around
left leg nbovc the gnmbrel, bring it up
in front of right leg, drnw tight and
fasten to n ring in rear of stall. The
TUM
g
R0
"Pole.
6X0'
MILK SHELF
AN ANTI-KICK1NO STA11LE DEVICE.
rope prevents kicking, keeps the cow nt
a hoist, and pole keeps her from swing
ing round or falling down. After a few
times it is hardly ever necessary to
uso the ropes, ns the polo put pretty
low down will be sufficient to keep her
quiet. Besides the pole, the illustrntion
portrays the plan of my milking stable.
There nre two shelves, the. upper nbout
five feet from the iloor (not shown)
and running clear across the stable. In
this I keep sponge and cloths to wash
and wipe the cow's udder, a dish of salt,
milking stools, etc. The lower shelf,
about two feet from the lloor and reach
ing nbout two-thirds across, is for
empty pails, milk, etc. Shovel nnd fork
nre kept in the rack at end of this shelf.
Farm and Home.
PREPARING RATIONS.
Cooklnpr Kood for Stoelc Ih Not n Prof
itable 1'raetlee.
Wo have tried several plans of pre
paring feed for stock and have come to
the conclusion thnt it is only in excep
tional cases that it can be considered
ndvisable to cook the food. Under whnt
may be considered average conditions,
the additional gain secured with the
stock will not pay a fair profit for the
extra work required to cook.
With the dairy cows, growing
calves and pigs, it pays to grind the
feed corn, wheat or oats, as the kind
of grain bejng fed may be. With sheaf
oats, no matter what kind of stock they
are fed to, we like to run them
through u good cutting-box, nnd
then add a small quantity of wheat
bran, and feed in this way. By this
plan there is little or no waste in
feeding nnd n very complete ration is
made up. But with the average teams
kept on the place, the growing beef
cattle and the thrifty, vigorous sheep,
there is no particular advantage in
grinding the grain. Even with the
classes of stock named, in a majority
of cases to make grinding the grain
pay a good profit, n feed mill should
be owned and operated on the farm,
as the expense and work of hnuling to n
mill nnd bnck, with the cost of
grinding, will lessen very materially
the possible profit. Where any consid
erable number of stock is kept n mill
can, in n majority of cases, be made
to pay. We are inclined to think that
more or less of this work of ndvocating
cooked food, through the press, is from
parties interested in selling some kind
of cooking apparatus.
There is one good ndvantngc in grind
ing grain and in cutting roughness,
that is, a better opportunity is afforded
of making up complete rations. Ohio
Farmer.
MAKING SMALL CHEESE.
Seven Found In ait Excellent WcIkIiI
for Family Uwe.
A great deal of inquiry has been made
this season for some means by which
families with perhaps only two or
three cows could make full-cream
cheese of their milk whenever they
might for imy reason choose to do so.
Families want cheese ns well as butter.
Sometimes butter is very low, says
Practical Farmer, and ngain the weath
er is too warm for the ordinary farm
er to make n good qunlity of butter,
because ho has not the necessnry con
veniences for keeping milk and cream
nt the proper temperature. At such
times and under such circumstances,
if the milk could ensily be made into
a good quantity of cheese at home, it
would be i. matter of much importance,
not only in the north, but especially in
the south, where, ns n rule, ice is not
to be had to aid in butter-making. The
Pennsylvania agricultural college has
been working on the line of milking
small cheese to meet the exigency of
these conditions. They huve been mak
ing a cliee.se of about seven pounds
weight. This mnkes u cheese of good
size for handling nnd for fnmily
use. It is reported that Prof. Hayward,
of that institution, says there has been
a ready sale for all that has been mndo
in that vicinity, nnd more could hnve
been sold. The price received is 13
cents u pound, equal to 20 cents for
butter.
IF YOU WOULD BE CORRECT.
Here Arc Sonic Thin km to Ohncrvc nnd
Home Othern to Avoid,
It is right:
To make visits of ceremony after
jfour in the nftcrnoon.
When calling upon a mother and
idnughters to leave two cards, one for
thc mother, the other for the daughters.
To cnt vcgctnblcs from the same.
;plntc as the meat. The custom of serv
ing vegetables in saucers is no longer
In vogue.
For n young lndy to wear her be
trothal ring upon the mnrriagc finger,
the third finger of the left hand.
For social correspondence to us
plain white or cream-tinted stationary,
without lines.
To use blnck-cdged paper for social
correspondence during a period oC
deep mourning.
To uso writing pnper for all social
correspondence with the address of tho
writer in plain, legible print in tho
upper rlght-hnnd corner.
To be punctilious nbout the dating o
each communication.
To offer congratulations to a gentle
man upon the announcement of liin
engagement.
To write letters to one's relatives nnd
intimate friends announcing a mnr
rlnge engagement.
To send a congratulatory note to a
gentleman upon tho announcement of
his nppronchlng mnrrlngc; to call upon
n young lady within a few days after
receiving the announcement of her en
gagement or to send her flowers, with
n note expressing wishes for her future
happiness.
To use discretion in the time of
one's stay at nny social function where
hours are not specinlly stated.
To pay n ceremonious visit within
three days after an invitation to a din
ner, whether accepted or not.
To nddress all letters to gentlemen in
the following mnnner: "Cyril Hamil
ton, Esq.," except a note of invitation,
which should be addressed: "Mr. Cyril
Hamilton."
To help one's self to olives with tho
fingers.'
To serve bread at hinncr, cut in thick
squares, or to serve dinner rolls.
To serve butter nt dinner only with
the biscuits that accompany the salad
and cheese.
To place the knives on the right hand
of the table nnpkin, when laying a.
cover, the forks on the left hand.
To speak of eating soup.
To serve only a small amount of soup
to each guest at a dinner.
When writing to a mnrried lndy, to
address the envelope with her hus
band's full nnmc. For example, "Mrs.
James Wilson Hunter."
To address "The Reverend and Mrs.
John Clarkson Hunt," or "Captain and
Mrs. Alexander Martin Scott." N. Y.
World.
MISPLACED HAIRS.
Clarence Won Too MImcIiIcvoiim for
(he (iciiernl Good.
Ill an insurance office in the city is a
blonde-haired, good-looking steno
grapher, also an office boy, who shall be
known in this story ns Clarence. Now,
Clarence and the blonde didn't get
along well together. No matter why
they didn't. Matters came to such a.
pass that Clarence said to the girl:
"I'll git you fired 'fore many weeks,
see."
"I guess not," said the girl. "I'm just ,
ns solid with tlie old man as you nre."
Thus mntters stood for n time.
Clarence went to the wnshroom every
day after the blonde had been there
primping, nnd he made it a point to
gather every blonde hair that had ad
hered to the bristles of the brush.
These, or some of them, he deftly placed
on the coat of the old man, arranging
them nbout the collar and shoulders.
There they remained until the old man
went home. Here they nttractcd some
attention from his wife, and she re
moved them dny b3' day without say
ing n word. When she hnd gathered a
fairly good collection she called hub
by's attention to the lock of blond hied
hair.
"There," she said, "I never did have
any use for that girl; and now you can
discharge her instantly, or I will come
down nnd do it myself."
Of course, the girl had to skip, and
theold gentleman explained the circum
stances. Clarence overhenrd the ex
planation and chuckled. He wanted to
tell the girl nil about the trick, but he
was afraid that it would cost him his
job, so he let the matter drop. But he
did give the thing nway to a clerk, and
tho clerk told the old man, nnd he didn't
do a thing to Clarence. He scared the
boy nearly to death talking nbout
divorces and family jars, and for a
punishment he made the boy go to his
house, and explain the whole thing to
his wife. This brought peace to the
family, and in justice the girl wns re
employed. All is serene in the office
now, but Bertha never spenks to
Clarence. Cincinnati Commercial
Traveler.
Without llenellt of Clergy.
Miss Pruyn Oil, dear! So you were
on the City of Pekin when she went
down? How many souls were lost?
Capt. Silt All of 'cm that was
drowned, mum. She went down so
blamed suddent, they wa'n't no time fer
death-bed repentances! Brooklya
Mfe.
Poets must suffer before they can
ft-rite, says n philosopher. After that
the public lias a monopoly on the suffer
ing. Chicago News.
