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THE FARMING WORLD.
THE FARM KITCHEN.
Mow Water May lie IMnuncd tu It
from a DlMtnnt AVi'll,
It frequently happens that n farmer's
family is obliged to depend for n water
supply upon a well or spring1 nt somedis
tunue from the house. When such a
supply is on lower ground the labor of
carrying water is considerable. This
may be avoided by placing a pump in
the kitchen, to discharge over the kitch
en sink. Such an arrangement gives
good satisfaction, while it is new, but
a wnnrinn- nf the valves, cnusin&r it to
leak air, be it ever so little, will empty
WATER FOR THE KITCHEN.
the whole pipe of water, and the time
and trouble required to "fetch the
pump" will make the thing practical
ly a failure. To overcome this a well
pump must be used, bringing The cyl
inder near the bottom of the cellar.
Then let the suction pipe turn upward,
as shown in the illustration, and pass
out through the cellar wall a little high
er than the top of the cylinder. This
will cause water always to remain in
the pump and thus secure the pipe from
becoming empty. With this arrange
jnent water may be drawn under
ground to where it is needed from a
distance of ten or twenty rods without
difficulty, except that it must be from n
j)oint not more than 25 feet, lower than
the pump cylinder. If the kitchen is
subjected to freezing temperature in
the winter the pump may be protected
by making a small hole nt "a," thus per
mitting the water to escape down to
that point when the pump is not in use.
Charles E. Benton, in Practical
Farmer.
SAVE YOUR FIELDS.
If You Do Not Feed Your Lnnil It Will
lief tine to Food You.
"Why do you feed your horse?" If
jthat question were asked the average
(farmer he would doubtless answer:
"'You are a fool; I feed him to keep him
alive and able to work." But if the
question were asked: "Why don't you
if tied your land?" the average fanner
jwould not be so ready with his answer.
iYet the one thing is no more important
ithnn the other. If it is absurd to be
able to work and produce results hav
ling no material to be converted into
strength, it is no less so to expect land
to produce crops continuously without
'Jiaving new supplies of plant food with
rwhich to make them grow. No soil is
Inexhaustible.
1 While there are large accumulations
of plant food in some localities, con
timious cropping and the leaching and
(washing caused by rains will in time
deplete and exhaust them. It is better
to feed the land before it is starved. It
is easier to keep a horse fat than to
fatten a poor one; and it is easier to
keep land productive than to take that
which is dead poor and make it so. A
horse that is stil strong enough to as
similate his food can soon acquire his
normal strength; he only wants a plen
ty of good food. Land that will grow
crops of any leguminous plant will, if
the same nre plowed under or fed off
in the field, in a short time recover
enough tone to produce profitable crops
of other things. But if allowed to run
down so that neither clover nor pens
will make a crop, it cannot be economic
ully restored. A word to the wise is
sufficient; begin this year to feed your
land, so that it in turn may feed you.
Rural World.
HINTS FOR BEEKEEPERS.
The Italians stick closely to the
combs even when handled.
Do not keep a colony with n defective
queen. Kill her and give them n good
one.
Wherever n farmer, dniryman or hor
ticulturist can make a living n bee man
can also.
One advantage with bees is that dur
ing the greater part of the year their
feed costs nothing.
There are three classes of bees in a
thrifty colony, nurse bees, wax workers
and honey gatherers.
Always have extra hives to save every
swarm that comes out; often a little
delay will lose them.
Give the bees plenty of working
room if you want to prevent small
swarms from coming out.
Never leave a newly hived swarm
near the place where it clustered. The
safest plan is to remove it at once to
a stand somewhat distant whether the
bees are all in or not. St. Louis Republic.
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FEEDING FOR EGGS.
Why (irct'it Hones Should lie L'neil
.Much illnrv K.ten.slvel.v.
The profit is always sure when every
detail is correct. Cheap food must not
be estimated by the price paid for it
in the market. The cheapest food for
the poultryman or farmer is that which
gives him the largest number of eggs.
It matters not what the food costs, so
long as the eggs correspond. It is the
product by which we should measure
and estimate.
Green bones are not used as exten
sively as they should be, because grain
can be obtained with less difficulty and
at a low cost, but as egg-producing ma
terial tne none is inr superior to gram-,
nor does the bone really cost more than
grain in some sections. The cutting of
the bone into available sizes is now
rendered an easy matter, as the bone
cutter is within the reach of all. Bones
fresh from the butcher have more or
less adhering, and the more of such
meat the better, as it will cost no more
per pound than the bone, while the
combination of both meat and bone is
almost a perfect food from which to
produce eggs.
If the farmer can get two extra eggs
per week from each hen in winter, lie
will make a large profit. We may add
that if the product of each hen can
be increased one egg per week only in
winter, that one egg will pa' for all
the food she can possibly consume, and
it therefore pays to feed the substances
that will induce the hens to lay. If
the hens are consuming food and yet
are producing no eggs, they will cause
a loss to their owner; and this happens
every winter on a large number of
arms. The hens receive plenty of
"food, but not of the proper kind.
A pound of cut green bone is suffi
cient for 10 hens one day, which means
that one cent will pay for the bone for
that number of fowls. If one quart of
grain be fed at night to 10 hens, and
one pound of boue in the morning, it
should be ample for each day in win
ter. In summer only the bone need
be given. Such a diet provides fat,
starch, nitrogen, phosphates, lime and
all the substances required to enable
the hens to lay eggs. As an egg is
worth about three cents in winter, it
is plain that it is cheaper to feed bono
than grain, as the greater number of
eggs not only reduces the total cost,
but increases the profit as well.
The bone-cutter is as necessary to
the poultryman as ids feed mill. It
enables him to use an excellent und
cheap food, and gives him a profit
where he might otherwise be com
pelled to sutler a loss. It is claimed
that a bone-cutter pays for itself in
eggs, and really costs nothing. Bones
are now one of the staple articles of
food for poultry, and no ration should
have them omitted. They nre food,
grit and lime, all combined in one, and
the hens- will leave all other foods to
receive the cut bone. If cut fine, even
chicks and ducklings will relish such
excellent food, while turkeys grow rap
idly on it. To meet with success re
quires the use of the best materials,
and green bone beats all other sub
stances as food for poultry. Rural
World.
COMFORT FOR POULTRY.
How to Hiilurire n. House Tluit linn
lleeome Too Small.
On most farms the poultry house is
too small for the stock kept. A space
of at least eight square feet for each
fowl is needed. The cut shows an ex
cellent and cheap enlargement a
shed-roof addition at each end of tho
present house. But a partition through
the center of the old house and let the
ENLARGED POULTRY HOUSE.
ends into the additions. This will givo
two large pens, so that two breeds can
be kept. Leghorns and Plymouth
Bocks, for instance, thus giving one
eggs and meat the year about. N. Y.
Tribune.
To Destroy Wusos' .nI.
A very simple and effective plan of
destroying the nests of the wasp con
sists in saturating a piece of soft rag,
attached to a slender stick, in turpen
tine, and then thrusting It into tho
passage to the nest, stopping up tho
hole with u piece of turf. It kills every
wasp, and there is no necessity what
ever for digging them out. Use thor
oughly good turpentine, for when it
has lost much of its strength it will
fail in its action. Such a remedy as
this is safe, and quite as good as the
dangerous preparations so often adopt
ed. One or two tablespoonfuls of pul
verized cyanide of potassium put into
the nest at any time of the day forms a
good remedy. If quietly done the in
gress of the insects is not in the least
disturbed. They enter readily, but
never return.
K&pecinlly in the middle of the iny
when the bees are at work, approach a
hive from the sides or rear, so as not
to interfere with them in their flight.
1
AGRICULTURAL HINTS
HAY AND HOG RACK.
A Combination Structure Which
Mccnin Hard to Heat.
A late number of the Canadian
Farmers' Advocate contained the ac
companying description and illustra
tions of a combined liny or sheep and
cattle rack by one of its correspond
ents: "The accompanying figures represent
a combined buy and sheep rack which
ic easily detachable and convenient to
store away under cover. Any ordinnry
strong wagon box will answer if cleats
are put on to hold the double end nnd
center-boards. Fig. 1 represents the
side of the box, iya inches thick and any
desired width and length, with clents
on ech end nnd in the center, nailed
on with 3-inch wire nails to receive
the cross pieces of the sides of the rack.
Fig. 2 represens the front board, which
ij double. The lower portion of the
figure is removed from its proper po
sition to show how the sides are held
in plnce. A is of 2x4-ineh scantling. B
is of 2x0-lnch hard wood. The stake
nn
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COMBINED HAY AND HOG RACK
is to build the front of the load against
nnd hold the lines while loading. These
double boards are bolted or nailed with
heavy wire nulls, well clinched. C is
nf iyax4-inch hard wood. The center
and hind boards are made the same as
Fig. 2 except that no stake is needed.
.Fig. 3 shows one of the sides held to
gether with bolts or wire nails. A 7-foot
rack requires side pieces 3 feet 7 inches
long. Fig. 4 represents the hay nick
complete. It is necessary to have a
good, strong bottom. It is also well to
have wagon rods having thumb nuts
pass through the box across the center
and ends to hold it firmly. A long rack
should have four cross pieces. Fig. 5
shows how the sides nre lifted oil or
placed in position. A boy can readily
do this. The box is shown 13 inches
deep, but 11 or 12 will answer. Fig. G
represents the end boards for the sheep
rack. Standards A nre 2x4-inch scant
ling 3 feet 7 inches long. I") is the
double backboard 12 inches wide which
holds the hind shelving or hurdle In
place. B B are nailed to standards A
on the outside. Fig. 7 shows the sheep
rack. Tho end boards nre placed in
position, and the right-hand shelving
is put on the left side of the box nnd
the left or. the right. The end uprights
of the sides slip down between stand
ards A of the end and the sides of tho
box. Tliis holds the shelvings upright.
The end boards slip up and down on
C, Fig. 7. The rack is my own con
trivance. I gave it a good trial last year
and am wcli satisfied with it."
HINTS FOR STOCKMEN.
There is complaint against the work
done by dehorning clippers and prefer
ence expressed for the saw The clip
pers are all right if used according to
directions.
The balky horse and the swearing
driver are two nuisances where the
horse should have the monopoly. Keep
your temper and in some way get the
horse to think of something else. As
soon ns you do he will go.
Hard roads bang up the feet of the
horse, and it is a question if hard roads
are not us wearing on the horse as soft
roads are. But independent of that
hard roads are desirable when they can
be had without too much burden to the
farmer.
The l,200-j)ound hog and one man
claims to have one is not desirable or
profitable. We once saw a pen of ten
hogs where aggregate weight was 10,
000 pounds. Hogs to weigh must be
kept until the second year, and that of
itself is not ndvisablc.
Secretary Wilson thinks that hog
cholera can be "abolished" and will
study the thing from A to Z. It has
been studied already, but the more it
is studied the worse it is. Feed less
corn, breed from more mntiirc stock
and keep the hogs under healthful con
ditions are all the science there is to
the subject. Western Plowmnn.
Home- .Market the IleMt.
What would a farm be that did not
contain a fiock of hens? The eggs are
considered adjuncts to the furm, und
they enter into many of the household
dishes. In estimating the profits from
poultry the eggs nnd poultry con
sumed by the family should be given
the same value ns though such supplies
ere purchased. The "family" mar
kets in the United States excel all
others, and no fanner should sell his
eggs and live on something less desir
nble. but enjoy the same luxuries as
those who are willing to have the best
In the cities. Supply the home market
first. Farm and Fireside.
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CULTIVATING GRASS.
No Crop drown on the Avernue Farm
Pays Hotter.
There is no part of funning nt the
present dny so much neglected' as the
meadow, and there is no crop grown
that pays better. The general idea of
the farmer is tluit the meadow does not
require any cultivation or care. "The
meadow," he says, "is all right. I
seeded tills field three or five years ogo;
but I cannot see why I get so light a
crop."
It is quite plain you have been rob
bing the land for three years and re
turning nothing. Worse than that;
you have nllowed the moss to creep in
and smother the roots which you hnve
robbed of their natural sustenance, with
out returning nnything to them or driv
ing oil the moss from the root-bound
grass. What kind of a corn crop would
you get if you did not cultivate it? To
insure a big crop of hay cultivate it.
Haul, during the month of December,
say from six to eight loads to the acre
of barnyard manure and spread it while
hauling ns evenly iib you can with a
fork. Then as early as you can get on
the meadow in March, or as soon as the
frost is out nnd the ground dry enough
to get on with a team, take a good har
row and drag it thoroughly, and then
cross-harrow It. You will huaglne 3011
are going to ruin j'otir mcndow.but you
nre simply loosening the roots nnd giv
ing them a chunce; and when harvest
time comes you will find you no only
did not injure your meadow, but great
ly incrensed your crop of grass, and
also improved your ground. This mat
ter of cultivating grass Is not a mere
"theory." It is a principle, proved to be
correct by nctuul trial with profitable
results. In 1882 Josiah Bagley, of Se
rena, from u six-acre meadow took
12 loads of liny, with no after-crop.
The following season he manured and
cultivated the same six acres substan
tially as outlined nbove. Some of his
neighbors laughed at him; but about
the 10th of July, 1883, he cut 19 loads of
grass from these six acres, ami in the
last of September cut a second crop of
nine loads. Be says: "I am an advo
cate of cultivating grass." J. E. Por
ter, in Prairie Farmer.
TREATMENT OF MANGE.
Uvoiue for 11 Salve Whleh In Sold to
I'roduee tSood Ilesultn.
Scurf or mange is sometimes difficult
to cure. It is caused by a small mite
that burrows in the skin, nnd to get rid
cf it the mite must be destroyed. The
treatment mentioned has such a tend
ency, but as the application is most
effective when applied locally there has
been too much reliance upon the in
ternal treatment. The sulphur inter
nally is not harmful, but it will take
too much time; the process is too slow,
says Breeders Gazette.
In the first place, the pens and sleep
ing quarters should be frequently dis
infected with crude carbolic acid and
lime. The surfnee affected should be
treated with a salve made ns follows:
Four ounces of salicylic ocid, tho same
amount of hyposulphite of sodium,
eight ounces of cosmoline or lard; nnd
if the lard is used a small amount of
beeswax should be added to make the
mixture firm. The cosmoline or lard
should be melted over 11 slow fire, and
while it is warm enough still to remain
a liquid stir in the other ingredient
slowly until they nre thoroughly mixed.
When cold apply to the diseased skin of
the hogs every day until a cure is ef
fected. If many hogs nre to be treated
the amount should be doubled or quad
rupled, as the necessities may require.
In stirring in the salicylic acid caro
should be used to keep the fuce away
from the mixture, or the person who
does the work will have a violent ease
of sneezing. The salve mentioned is
good for man or benst where there is
n violent nnd persistent eruption of
the skin. Do not forget to disinfect
the pens und sleeping quarteres of the
animals. The crude carbolic ncid is
good, but when applied strong enough
to be effective it is likely to make the
nnimnls sick.
FOR CUTTING STALKS.
IIoim-iiHulo Coiitrlvnnee Thn Doom
It Work Well.
A cheap stalk cutter is made by tak
a sound log, A, about 4 feet long and
IS to 24 inches in diameter. Blades of
steel, B, 3 feet long and 4 Inches wide,
edged as in sharpening a plow, are ae-
STALK CUTTER.
cured to the log os shown in the cut.
The shanks that hold the blades should
be set forwurd so that in revolving
the edge will strike the ground perpen
dicularly. A common roller frame is
put on ami the tongue (C) is fastened
behind a cart or wagon, nnd it is ready
for operation. The number of blades to
put on depends on the size of the log
and the length pieces the stalks arc to
be cut into. For a log 18 inches in
diameter a blades will suffice. The log
must be heavy enough so that the
weight will cut through the stalks. G.
W. Waters, in Ohio Farmer.
JaSe--
A COPIED CRIME.
The Terrlhle Influence of Iuvll Liter
ntiiro on Youthful Minds,
Some time ago two boys, the oldest
under 17 years of ngc, arrived In this
country from Paris. They came in a
spirit of ndventure to seek their for
tunes in the west, but they soon drifted
to Louisiana nnd settled among pcoplo
who spoke their native tongue. There
they became popular, nnd every one lent
them books to read. It was soon noticed
that the preferred stories of piracy,
lawless love and vicious adventure.
One day it was in 1890 the little vil
lngo was startled by tho news that a
man had been horribly murdered. In
vestigation showed thnt he hnd boon
surprised In his house, tortured to make
him reveal the hiding-place of his treas
ure, and then killed, lie was the rich
est man in the country roundnbout, nnd
living nlonc, with the habits of a misr,
he wns known to have large sums of
money concealed on his premises.
The brutal crime roused the whole
neighborhood. Large rewards were of
fered for the capture of the murdcrors.
Bloodhounds nnd detectives were set at
work. A poor tramp was arrested, and
was barely able to prove an alibi to es
cape being lynched. But all efforts to
trace the assassins failed.
A few weeks after the crime the two
French boys showed their employer a
letter from New Orleans offering them
work at higher wages. Their employer
congratulated them nu advised ttiem
to gof and they went. But tlic"sher!nT
had some suspicion. lie found out at
the post office that the boys had re
ceived no such letter. He went to New
Orleans, nnd the boys were not to be
found at the address they hud given.
He tried to trace them, but they had dis
appeared completely.
Some months nfter this two very
ragged youths presented themselves at
a plantation near the scene of the crime,
and asked for work. They showed
signs of great suffering and poverty.
They were cmriciated and ravenous.
They were recognized as the same two
brothers who had left the neighbor
hood to go to New Orleans. The sheriff
soon henrd of their return, and arrested
them on the charge of murder. Over
come with terror, they broke down and
confessed the deed. It was a miserable
story of two guilty and haunted souls.
"The face of the dead man followed
us everywhere," they said. "We couldn't
get away from it."
The sheriff questioned them, and
found out that in one of the dime novels
which they were In the habit of read
ing a murderous plot luid captured
their depraved fancy and enticed them
to a career of crime. Tills hook told how
an old miser was robbed, and finally
killed, and how the ruffians escaped to
enjoy their booty. They determined to
reproduce the bloody description in
real life, and spent some weeks in plan
ning the fatal work.
They traveled in luxury on the pro
ceeds of their inurderouH theft. They
tried every amusement, every excite
ment; but they could not be happy. In
vain they endeavored to banish the
agonized countenance of their victim.
It was as if some chain bound them to
the scene of their atrocity, and ths
farther away they went the more in
exorably this strange power pulled
them back. Tortured by remorse, miser
able and starving, these poor dupes of
a wicked book drifted to their doom ns
surely aH u boat caught in the eddies of
the maelstrom.
Both brothers were sentenced to
death. Perhaps they will have suffered
the extreme penalty of the lnw before
this story reaches our readers.
Fascinate a boy with a book, nnd he
will do what he rends. They who throw
criminal fiction or the details of real
crime in the way of the youth are
enemies of mankind, sowing the seeds
of sorrow und death. Youth's Com
panion. PROGRESS IN AERONAUTICS.
Greater Last Year Thau In Any Previ
ous Year.
The advance toward the full solution
of the problem of manflight which wuh
made in the year 1890 wus greater than
that of any previous year. Saving the
sad death of Lilienthal, the chronicler's
pen has only good news to tell. In times
past the extreme difficulty of determin
ing what were the best methods of work
was the deterrent which kept investi
gators from entering the field of
ucrohnutics, and consequently the
world's workers were comparatively
small in number. Now this condition
of affairs no longer obtains, for the
demonstrations of 1890 were such that
the best lines for investigators to fol
low are very clearly marked out. These
lines, three in number, distinct, yet con
vergent, nre as follows:
1. The development of the self-propelled
aerdrome.
2. The development of the motorlcss
air-sni!er.
3. The development of the motor.
In each of these departments of work
there is now a well-defined point of van
tage which is accessible to every intelli
gent experimenter who is inclined to
carefully study the ground already
traversed, and so to fully .understand
the results already reached. Which
ever branch of work is seriously under
taken by an individual, he may be sure
that, while working upon his own spe
cialty, he is helping those engaged hi
others toward their common goul.
Aeronautical Annuul.
Tatiana is the name given to thb
czar'B second little daughter.
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