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rBRYAN NOMINATED.
?he Eloquent Young Silvor Cham
pion Ohoson Standard Boaror.
The nrnntl Cllmrtx Cnme on tho Fifth ltl-
lot Nomination Mmlo Unanimous
Cotutonnod lllntory of Hln Cnroftr
-Gold Moti Will Holt.
Chicago. July ll.-At 10:57 yestcrdny Chair
man Wlilto, who had recovered tho use of his
voice, stopped to tho front of tho stiuto. Itun
nliiK bis eyo for a couplo of seconds over tho
crowd, ho glanced down nt tho pit and with a
blow of tho envoi cnllcd tho doinocnUlo na
tional convention to order. With Hhufnlnir feet
tho vast uudlenco nroso and listened w hen Kov.
Dr. Green, tho chaplain, prayed for righteous
ness and peace.
Chairman Whlto then announced that tho
convention was still on tho call of states for
nominations and Mr. Harrlty, of l'cnsylvanla.
chairman of tho national committee, mounted
his chair and placed In nomination ox-Gov.
Itobcrt E. PuttUon. This cvldonco that Penn
sylvania would stand by tho platform and par
ticipate in tho nomination drew a cry of do
light from tho silver men and Pnttl.son's nnmo
got a swinging round of applauso from tho gal
lerlos. Mr. Mattlngly, of tho District of Columbia,
seconded tho nomination of "that peerless
champion of froo silver, that llrm friend of the
farmer und laboror, John It. McLean, of Ohio."
Dolcgato Miller, of Oregon, added to tho list
of nominations tho namo of Sylvester Pen
noyor, of Oregon.
Thus tho names of niand, Bryan, Holes,
Hlaclcburn, Matthows, McLean, Pattlson and
Pennoyor wero beforo tho convention.
Balloting by states then began. It remained
lor Now Jersey to cause tho first roally scusa-
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN, DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE FOR PRESIDENT.
tlonal passage. McDormott. from his chair,
shouted: "Tho stato of New Jorsoy respect
fully declines to vote." Hisses followed while
tho gold adherents in tho galleries attempted
to drown tho disapproval with their cheers,
but wero unablo to do so.
Gov. Flower made this statement when New
York was called: "In view of tho platform
adopted by this convontlon, nnd of its actions
and expressions, I um instructed by tho Nuw
Yorl: delegation to say that wo will not partic
ipate in tho selection ot a caudldato for presi
dent or vice president, and therefore decline
to voto." Tho great body of New York's ad
herents in the galleries sent up u storm of ap
proval, but other cries wero heard of "Put
them out. Put them out."
A big row occurred when Wisconsin was
called. Gen. Bragg announced that ho was in
structed by tho majority of tho Wisconsin
delegation to cast no voto. Ono of tho silvor
delegates challenged this, and Insisted on a
call of tho roll of tho state. THo result was
that 10 delegates refused to vote. Senator
Money mndo tho point of order that instruc
tions to a delegation to voto us a unit could not
stltlo tho will of any who desired to voto.
Gen. Brugg climbed on ono of the chairs of
tho Ohio delegation to protest, but tho mad
dened Buckeyes ordered him down. New Yoik
nnd Vermont offered him chair In their dele
gations. Gen. Bragg mado his statement us to
tho will or tho Wisconsin delegation und was
replied to from tho platform by Dolcgato
Dockery, onoof tho silver men from Wisconsin.
Ho aroused great enthusiasm bv declaring
that If Wisconsin's will was stifled here it
would bo heard for silver in November.
Tho Tammany orator, ox-Senator Gradv,
mado a Jlory protest against a ruling which ho
contended would practically nbrogato tho unit
rule.
Tho delegates grew still as Senator White,
the chairman, linally ruled that tho unit
rule Instructions did not contemplate tho re
fusal of delegations to vote. Ho ruled that
all silent votes should bo considered absen
tees, but that every delegate present who
desired to voto had a right to have his voto
registered. This ruling was loudly cheered, us
It blazed tho way for an ultimate i ullug that
tho two-thirds required to nominate, within
tho meaning of tho rule, wero two-thirds of tho
votes cast, according to the precedent of 1810.
Tho namo of Henry M, Teller was for tlio
first tlmo spoken ot as a presidential uomlneo
when, on tho call ot statos passed, Colorado' t
eight votes wero recorded for tho former re
publican und wero iccclved with mingled
cheers and hisses. Tho clerk consumed sev
eral minutes In computing the ronults of the
tlrst ballot, during which the crowd buzzed o
citedly.
Sccator White's volco had been falling him,
aaA Richardson, of Tennessee, ngalu tool: tho
gavel during this Intcrmlhslon. Tho result
was announced by the tending clerk its fol
lows: Bland, y:t3; Bryan. W; Bold., M Mat
thews, 27; McLean, M: Puttlboti. h: Pcmioycr.
10: Blackburn, 8 J; Campbell, 2i Tillman. I.;
Russell, -J: fetovonson, J: Hill. 1: 'toiler. H.
i Tho ofllolal voto of tho second .uiiiotwus:
at voting. 10) Bland, yfll: Boles, !!: Mat-
lows, :Ms McLean. 13. Blackbum.-ll P.ittlson
V: Bryan, IU7; Pennoyor. H .Stevenson, 10,
111. l: Teller, k.
ho onlclul voto of tho third ballot was: Not
hip. lit.'; Bland, I'd I; Boles, lid. Matthews,
I McLean, 6-i: Bryun. '.'10: Blackburn, -7:
Itlson. 07: Stevenson, 0; Hill, I.
lo fourth ballot wus us follows: Bland. 311:
B. 33: Bryan. L'8'J; Muttbou'S. M; Pattlson
Lnckburn. i7: McLcuu. 40, .Stevenson, Hj
inot voting, tt'l.
LtLu bccrtluryannounccd Mr. Bryan
fB
vote tho Ncbrnska delejrAtlon mounted their
chairs Mid iet up n yell that drew nround them
nil the other IJrynn Mates with their respective
standards. As each of tho standards nrranged
itclf in tho bouquet n frch yell went up from
tho galleries. After live or six minutes of up
roar tho procession of standards about tho hall
began, with Nebraska at tho head, and tho tall
end was brought up by Kansas. Fourteen
minutes wero consumed In this demonstration,
which gradually subsided, and tho convention
was nblo to proceed with business.
At this juncturo, considering tho fact that a
number of delegates from tho gold states did
not voto. Chairman White- ruled that a two
thirds voto of tho totnl number east would
nominate u candidate for president und vico
president.
Tho announcement ot tho chairman wns re
ceived with grent confusion. Order having nt
length been restored upon tho lloor, tho chair
directed tho secretary to call tho roll of tho
states for tho fifth ballot. Tho roll call pro
ceed without incident until tho stato of West
Virginia was reached, when that state re
quested to bo passed. Tho 19 votes from Wis
consin that had been withhold from tho tlrst
still declined to voto. The stato ot Illinois
was also passed, its tho delegation from Ohio
marched to tholr committee room for consulta
tion. Tho roll call having been completed in
regular course, tho secretary returned to call
tho names ot tho states which had been passed.
Upon tho second cull, tho stato of West Vir
ginia was sttll not ready to voto. Illinois,
however, upon tho second call, cast -18 votes
for llryan, nuild the greatest onthuslastn.
Tho llryan inon wero now confident. At this
tlmo John It. McLean, ot Ohio, mounted his
chair. Tho confusion still being very great, ho
had some dlfllculty In securing recognition, but
finally succcedod. Ho said: "Ohio withdraws
tho nnmo of John If- McLean, and casts her 48
votes for William J. Dryan." This announce
ment caused great enthusiasm nnd was dc
olslvo of tho result.
After Ohio's voto was announced Gov. Stone,
of Missouri, reud u noto from Ulchard P.
Bland, In which the latter stated that It tho
convention could find a man moro acccptablo
than he, ho wished his namo withdrawn. Gov.
Stouo then withdrew Bland's namo nnd
plumped Missouri's 31 votes Into tho Bryan
column.
At tho close of Gov. Stone's remarks tho
convention broke into tho wildest excitement.
Delegntes nnd thoso In tho galleries alike
jumped on their chairs and waved umbrellas
and flags. Iu one end of tho hall an enthusi
ast waved aloft u shoo on the end ot u long
stick.
A delegate from Iowa. A. Van Wngnor, then
addressed the chair, saying ho was instructed
by tho Iowa delegation to withdraw the nnmo
of Horace Boies and to cast Iowa's 'M votes for
Bryan.
Gov. Culbcrwn, of Texas "In view of tho
fact that the friends of Mr. Bland have with
drawn his namo from tills contest, I am In
structed by the majority of tho delegates from
Texas to east tho votes of that stato for Wil
liam J. Bryan."
After a number of other changes to Bryan
had been made, the chairman put tho motion
of Senator Turple, ot Indiana, to make the
nomination unanimous, and declared tho voto
carried.
The result of tho llfth ballot was not an
nounced, but the unofficial figures are: Bland,
13: Bryan, dU: Pattlsou, ITi Stevenson, 0.
Hill, I: not voting. 10J.
When quiet was restored, tho chair an
nounced a recess would bo taken until eight
o'clock Iu tho evening.
TO CALL A CONVENTION.
Illinois (Sold l)(!iiiiii:rl So Dttclita In a
A'pHttiiK I.tmt Mirlit.
Chicago. July II. At ft meeting ot tho stutc
executive committee of tho gold money de
mocracy of Illinois, held at tho Richelieu hotel
In Chicago last evening, a resolution was
adopted In favor of the calling of a national
convention of tho dcmocrutlu party ot tho
United States for the purpose of nominating a
democratic caudldato for the office of president
und vice presldont upon u democratic platform.
To that end tho advice and co-operntlon of the
sound money democrats of tho other states of
the union aro Invited.
It was resolved that the chairman of the
sound money organization of Illinois bo di
rected to aiiolutn committee to prepare an
ttddrcss to tho democruls of tho United States
statin? tho grounds und reason for putting a
national democratic ticket In tho Hold. Six
delegates from Texas to tho national demo
cratic convention wero present and adopted a
resolution Indorsing tho action of tho Illinois
sound money democrats.
A MODERN PATRICK HENRY.
iore It. rxW, tlm JSotmt Knnmi Repub
lican, ilM illn Kstlmutn of Itryun.
Chicago, July 11. George It. l'eck
sut on tho platform back of the speak
er's btnnd Thursday while William J.
llryan was making his speech and gave
his undivided attention to the words
of the Nebraska (statesman. When
llryan had finished Mr, Peek turned U
n friend and said: "That wus a most
wonderful speech. llryan is the Pat
rick Henry of to-day. Ho fired up the
audience with enthusiasm us no man
could have done. He fired tho?e who
dd lint believe what he said. Ho fired
inc. JJjs speech will live iu history."
BRYAN'S CAREER.
A Short SUotch of the Life of the nam,
crntlo Niiiuliien for 1'rrtlilont.
CniCAno. July II. Mr. Bryan was bora
March 19. I8"0, in Salem, 111. At tho ngo ot 1.1
ho went to tho Whipple aoademy in Jackson
ville, III., which Is tho preparatory department
of tho Illinois college located at the same
place. Ho spent two yenrs In tho academy and
four years In tho college, taking u classical
course. Ho then went to the Union CoIIoro of
Law In Chicago, and while hi attendance thoro
ho wns in the ofllco of I.ymun Trumbull.
He loft tho law school Juno 18. 1MJ, and
went to Jacksonville to practice law, remain
ing at Jacksonville till October, 18S7, when ho
removed to Lincoln, Neb., going Into partner
ship with A. It. Tnlbott, a classmate- ot tho Uw
school. Ho had takon part In political cam
paigns slnco 1880 nnd mado n number ot
speeches. Ho took part In tho campaign ot
1888 in Nebraska und wus nominated to repre
sent tho First district In congress In lHl'J.
Ho wns re-elected in 18W, In splto of tho
fnct that tho legislature had redlstrlcted
tho stuto, and his district In tho previous elec
tion had given tho republlcun tlokot about tJ.OOC
majority, nnil wuh re-elected by 1(0 votus. In
tho Kitty-Third congress ho helped to frntna
tho Wilson bill, being n member of the ways
und means committee, and took nu especially
nctlvo part In tho lucomo tax provisions.
At tho closo of tho dobato on tho Income
tax in congress, replying to Bourko Cook
rnn, August 10, 1PI3, nt tho special session,
ho delivered a throo hours' speech against
tho repeal of tho Sherman law, this speech be
ing moro largely circulated than tho tnrlft
speech had been. Ho also spoko In favor of
tho bill to coin tho seigniorage, mid spoko
against Carlisle's currency and ulso against
Cleveland's gold contract with the, Itoths
chllds. In 1891 ho became a candldata for tho Unltod
States sennto and announced that ho would
not bo a caudldato for tho lower house of con
gress. Ho was nominated for United States
senator In tho democratic convontlon and tho
populist caudldato In his district was In
dorsed by tho democrats for tho
house of roprcscntntUes. Tho ensu
ing stato legislature being republican, John
M. Thurston was sent to tho senate,
nnd tho republican caudldato In his former dis
trict, J. II. Strode, wus elected by fi,00J major
ity. After his retlremont from congress ho
took up the practice of law In Lincoln again,
but tho silvor campaign opening ho found that
tho calls upon him for speeches wero so fre
quent that ho wus forced to glvouphlsluw
practice. In September, 1691, ho beenmo tho
edltor-ln-chlof of tho Omaha World-Herald
ami had control of Us editorial policy on state
and national questions.
Mr. Bryan Is u mun of small tnenns. Ho was
married October 1, 1881, to Mary Balrd, of
Perry, 111 , who attended thu fouialo neademv
in Jncksonvlllo when ho was In tho othor
school at the same place, and who graduated
tho same week that ho did, and was also tho
valedictorian ot hor cluss. Sho studied Inw
and was admitted to tho bar, without any Idea
of practicing, but simply to bo moro thorough
ly companionable to him. Sho Is a year or two
younger than he. Three children Imvo been
born to them. Buth, ten years old; William J.,
Jr., about b, and Grace, live earts old.
SHORT EVENING SESSION.
The Convention Mot for Ml mi In Then
Ailjonriu-d Till KiiturUiiy Morning.
Chicago, Julv II. Tho crowds stormed tho
Coliseum last night in anticipation of another
oratorical display Mich us they listened to
Thursday night They wero doomed to disap
pointment, as tho leudors had decided aftor
consultation not to proceed with tho nomina
tion of vico president. But, all unconscious of
their determination, the public pushed on to
their places In tho gullorlcs. They cheered and
shouted while tho band played.
At 8:5S, Chairman White, by dint of muoh
rapping, managed to bring tho convention to
order. After making a formal announcement,
Gen. Bragg, of Wisconsin, appeared on Uio
stage lo make a personal explanation, "I rise
on a question of stato privilege," ho began, and
reminded tho southern members that they know
what that meant. Somo gentleman, ho com
plained, hnd, laNt session, during tho absence
of tho delegation for consultation, stolon tho
stato colors and Joined Iu tho Biynn parade
and ho wished to put tho record right by hav
ing it understood1 'that wo trailed not tho Wis
consin badger behind tho candidate of tlio ma
Jority of this convention "
Hisses and a fow cheors followed this defiant
stand and tho chairman declared that ho would
entertain no factional questions, and intro
duced Gov. Stone, of Missouri.
"Tho work so far dnno by this convention
has been so well done that It will meet tho en
thusiastic and Instant approval of this nation,'1
ho began. A very Important work was yol to
IOII.V It tlf.KA.V.
bo done, ho continued, and In order that no
mistake should bo made In thu selection of a
vico president he moved nu adjournment until
1:! o'clock to-day. This was changed to ten.
and with great confusion on tho door a roll call
was demanded and begun.
"When It became apparent tho motion would
carry, tho thousands of sr'ctutnrs began to
scramble out, filling the hall with a mighty
roar, and tho chairman grew red lu thu faco
hammering with his mallet and yelling "Sit
down:" "Sit down!" It becamo Impo-.slblu to
hear responses, und Col. Nat Wall, a gentle
mun with a fierce mustaclio and long curly
bluck hair who calls himself tlio original Plor
ldn "cracker." und who was culling tho roll In
a olio lll;o a steam calliope, announced "Ok
lahoma votes aye: District of Columbia vote
nyo," und so on down tlio roll. Tho spectators
wore uppeased by ihe Information that their
tickets would bo good for the morrow, and at
9:.'i0 tho convention wusudjoumud
Itrourn I.fitvcM the Count.
Sa.v I'ltANCtHCO, July 11. Itev. C. O.
Ilrown deput-Uid for Chicago last night
with liis family, und will probably not
return to tho hceno of his troubles.
He may muko Dubuque, la., his old
home, his headquarters in tho future.
The first btato convention of the
union bimetallic party of Oregon was
held at McMinnvillo on tho 10th A
full bet of deleimtcs was elected to tlm
nalionnl bimetallic convention nt Kt
Loulh July 'i'i. Instructions for 8ena
lor Teller wcie voted down. . -
ARTHUR SEWALL.
Mai no Man Nominator! for Socoud
Place on tho Domoorntlo Tickot.
It Wns Done on the Fifth Ballot After Sev
eral C'utidlilnten lliul Wlthrnwu The
Nominee i Itloli Mmi Interenteil
Iu Various Corporations.
Chicago, July 13. It wns It o'olook Satur
day morning when Chairman Whlto called
tho democratic national convention to order.
Thoro wero only about 0,000 people hi tho hall.
More than half ot tho gold delegates wero ab
sent. Contrary to tho usual custom, tho pro
ceedings wero not opened with prayer. A fow
routine announcements wero mado beforo tho
names of tho vico presidential candidates woro
presented Chairman Harrlty, of tho national
committee, announced thu Inst mooting ot thu
old national commltteo und W. Fin ley, of Ohio,
moved tho ratification of tho delegations.
Nominations for tho vico presldonoy woro
thou called for. utter n motion offered by Sena
tor Jones, of Arkunsas, had been adopted lim
iting tbo nominating speeches to live minutes
each.
Uelcgnto Mnloney, ot Washington, without
making u nomination speech, named Jamoa
Hamilton, of Washington.
W. A. Miller, of Oregon, presented tho namo
of cx-Gov. Pennoyor, of Oregon, as ono who
could secure for tho ticket thu united voto of
tho laboring men.
William A. Burke, of California, nnmod tho
veteran democrat, Arthur Sowall, of Maine,
und C S. Thomas, of Colorado, seconded iL
J. T. O'Sulllvuu, of Mmsnchusotts, nomi
nated George Fred Williams, of tho same
stato: Mr. Marston, of Louisiana, presented
John It McLean, of Ohio: .1. C. Curry, of North
Carolina, named Judge Walter Clark, of tho
North Carolina suproino court: Bx-Congrcss-mau
Tom I Johnson, ot Ohio, nominated ox
CongrcssmanGeorgo V. Flthlun, of Illinois:
Ulchard 1'. Bland, ot Missouri, was named by i
Gov. Culberson, of Texas. Joseph C. Sibley, of
Pcnnsvlvunla, by .1. 1). Shownlter, of Missouri:
O. W. Powers, of Utah, named John W. Dan
iel, of Virginia, but Mr. Daniel would not bo a
candidate: ox-Congiessmaii Flthlun ulso with
drew his nnmo.
Tho roll call of tho status on tho vico presi
dential nomination wns then mndo nnd tho onl
clal announcement of tho voto was: Harrlty,
SI: Toller. I; Whlto. I; Pattlson, S; Williams
of Massachusetts, 0: MoLoan, 111; Clarke, 60:
Sow-all, 100; Sibley. 10.1; Flthlan, 1: Daniel, II:
Bland, tU: Blackburn, SO: Williams of Illinois.
S.': Dolus, ?0: not voting, SB8.
The second ballot was at onco takon nnd tho
ofllolal result wns: Sibley, 113. Sowall, 37:
McLean, 101: Williams, of Massnehusets, 10:
Bland, S83; Clark. SJ: Harrlty, 01: Williams, of
Illinois, 13; Patterson, 1: not voting, S.1.V To
tal. 930.
Aftor tho announcement, Congressrnnn Amos
Cummtngs, of Now York, wns Introduced nnd
road a telegram, tinted Meadvillo, Pa , us fol
lows: "Plcaso do not permit my namo to bo pre
sented. I so Instructed my friends yesterday.
Joseph Slbloy.
Tho third ballot was then taken resulting us
follows: Blai'd.UV: MoLoan, SI0: Sibley, no;
Sowall, 9": Williams, of Massachusetts, IS.
Harrlty, 19: Clarke, SS: Pattlson, I: Daniel, 0;
not voting, S)S.
Gov. Stone then withdraw Bland's name.
Tho fourth ballot resulted us follows: Me
Lcun. iOti Sowall, SOI: Harrlty. II: Williams
(Mnss.),0: Clark, 40; Patterson, 1: Daniel, Ms
not voting, s o.
On tho llfth ballot Sowall was nominated,
Wisconsin's vote doing It.
The result of tho llfth ballot wns us follows:
Sowall. MJ8. McLean, !; Harrltv, II; Williams,
U. Clark, !:: Paulson, I: Daniels, 30; absent
und not voting, SB.
Then on Ohio's motion Sowull's nomination
was made unanimous, and after tho usual reso
lutions of thanks all round thu convention ad
journed slno dio.
A SHOUT ACCOUNT Ol' TIIK NOMINKK.
Chicago, July 13. Arthur Sowall, of Malno,
democratic uomlneo for vico president, Is a
man of strong character and picturesque per
sonality. Ho wus hoi n In Buth, Mo., Novem
ber S3, 1835, und comes from a lino of Puritans
who trace buck tholr blood to one of Bngland's
kings. John Sowall, who founded tho family
lu Now England, sailed from Coventry In 10 W
und located nt Nowburyport, Mass. In 1701
tho family becamo posossod of a largo truut of
laud lu .Maine, where they settled, and It has
been tho homo of tho Sow-alls over since.
Primarily, Arthur Sowall Is a ship-builder
His family have been shlp-bulldors for throo
generations. Ho built thu llrst steel steauiur
over constructed. Two yours ago tho Uoanoko
nnd tho ltnpp.ihaunook, two of thu largest
frame ships over launched, wero launched from
his yards. To-day Mr. Sowall owns CO vessels,
whlcn still upon every sea. Ho is president of
both the llrms of Arthur Sowall & Co. wid tho
Bath Sl.lp-Bullding Co. Thus Mr. Sow-all's in
teiests havo always been In tho direction of
free trade.
Tho Malno man has beon both a banker nnd
an olllcor and stockholder of railroads. Hols
president or thu Bath national bank. Until a
year ago hu was prcsiduutof tlio Malno Central
railroad, and ho has extensive holdings In
various other railroad companies, iln ulso has
an lntorcst l-i the Bath iron works, of which
Gen. Hlgo Is president, und this company has
built u largo number or iron ships for tho gov
ernment. Mr. Sowull's hereditary wealth bus.
by his splendid business ability. been Increased
until ho Is roputod to bo worth f",00J.mn.
In polities Mr. Sowell Is best known for
eight years of service on tho national dem
ocratic executive committee, Ho has always
boon-, democrat lu tariff Ideas, and six years
ago ho became a conurtto tho cuuso of frco
silver. While as firm as u rock In his convic
tions on this Iss-jo, ho Is, llko largo minds,
tolciautof tho opinions of others, and Is uni
formly courteous to thoso who differ with him.
JONES FOR CHAIRMAN.
Tln ArliuNKitn i:i(i't-l to Muiiiiirt'tlin Dein
ornitlo Ciiinpiilgii itryun Kainr AugrcH
hioii. Ciiicaoo, July HI. United St;tes
senator .Fumes K. Jones, of Arkunsas,
was elected chairman of the new na
tional democratic committee Saturday
night Ho was tho personal choice of
Presidential Candidate llryan and was
ucceptiblo to Vico Presidential Candi
date Sewall. Mr. Jones was not a
member of the committee, the member
from his stato being Thomas 11. MeKue.
During the executivo session Mr.
Uryar. spoko for l.'i minutes.
He said he was strontrlv in
favor of "carrying tho war into
tho enemy's camp." Ho thought it
would bo best to make an aggressive I
inroad into Now York and tlio New ,
England states He said that tho sug- '
gestion hud been made to him that tho ,
notification exercises should be held '
in Madison Square garden and he ap
proved the suggestion. Mr. .Sowall
followed with a promie to enter fully j
into tho campaign work anil Uov. i
.Stone, of Missouri, and others urged I
an early and vigorous opening of ho '
cuu:pitin.
REGROWTH OF FORESTS.
The fitnigglo of Mature to Itnpalr tf?
Outrage or Man,
At the present time the guard ranges
of tho Allegheny mountains, which ex
tend into Monongahela county, V. Vu.,.
mo covered with a mixed deciduous for
est of second-growth trees. This is ono
of the best examples that have come un
der my personal observation of the nat
ural power of forest reconstruction.
During the early half of thu present
cenlury this region, embracing .several
thousand acres lying across the north
bunk of, the Cheat river, wn.s the seat oC
nu active lron-iniiklng industry. Tho
mountains u Horded a bog ore which
tn accessible nnd of givat value. Tlm
mountain slopes wero then heavily
wooded, and as the Iron Industry be
camo established a demand for char
coal wis created, and to meet, this de
mand the uonds were huncstcd anil
converted into charcoal. This industry
began about 1780, and was mostaetio
from 182 to about J 332, and continued
in a small way until iu 18U8. Tho
largest proportion of llm timber re
moved for chnrconl purposes wuk cut
during the most active period of tho
industry, and before the middle of the
century.
As soon ns the charcoal burning be
came unremunerative from the exhaus
tion of the timber supply and the sub
stitution of coke for charcoal in tlio re
duction of ore, theM! lands, which worn
too steep and rugged for prolltable ag
riculture or gracing, were allowed
again to fall into thu hands of Mother
Nature. It is trim that fire has tlono
much injury from lime to time. Hut
een with the adverse condltlousof soil,
exposure and frequent llres, there i
to-day upon these mountains a forest
of second-growth chestnut, poplar nnd
oak, worth many times tlio nluu of
the hind at the time the iron furnaces
closed- a convincing example that our
forests will reproduce themselves. Thiu
we aro told is all well enough for tho
inoist mountain districts ot the Alle
ghanlcs, but will not hold in the de
forested areas of Michigan, Wisconsin
and Minnesota. There is nb ground
for this argument, for when the forcstK
were removed no rational system of re
fotesl:ition was attempted. Uven the
protection of the area from tire has usu
ally been neglected, and this alone will
Millicc to explain why the laud stripped
of its forest cover still remains bare.
Natural reproductive pmvers have not.
been allowed an opportunity to assert
themselves. Trees arc not grown so
long as flies are. allowed to run period
ically over the exploited tracts; what
might take place, wero they suppressed'
and prevented, in another question upon
which some light, is thrown iu thu
following remarks by Mr, IT. 11. Ayres,
of Carlton, Minn., on "Forest Fires:'
"Ken men of intelligence and promi
nence iu tlio lumber business have said:
'Why prevent lire? Pine will necr
conic in again after the marketable tim
ber is once cut.' This assertion needs'
the strongest possible denial; tho men
w ho make such an assertion deserve 'rid
icule. They were looking for saw-logs,
and could not have looked for much
else, for loggers in cutting often leave
on an ncrc a hundred thrifty and vig
orous young pines from four to ten
inches in diameter, and from 20 to 100
feet high after tho log-timber is cut,
and on pine-stump laud (hat lias es
caped fire :i,()()() of little pint; need lings
may be seen springing up. In order
to he able to refute such misstatements,
utterly I have here the minutes of tho
exact location where young pines in,
excellent condition for limber growing
may be seen, and right by may be scon,
burnt laud cut the same year that could
not be put into a condition as promis
ing for timber for less than $20 an acre.
In fact, so favorable a soil, mulch and
shade can hardly be made at onco on
burnt laud at any price. Several such
acres nu (sections) ID, fiO, 22 wet e staked
tiff and the trees counted; on one from
which :i2,()00 feet had been cut thrco
yea is before were .'(2 thrifty sapling
white pines, 8 to 11 inches iu diameter,
and :i() lo 80 feet high; JO poplar, 8 to 14.
inches in diameter, nnd i() feet hlghr
IH)0 poplari-pi'oiits.onc-hiiir to one inclu
in diameter, ami 3 to 12 feet high; iv
light underbrush of huol ami vino
maple; and under all this were 1,207.
Ill lie white pine seedlings two yenr'
old and 4 to (i inches high. Another
acre on the same section hud 200 trees;
of white and Norway pine averaging H,
inches iu diameter and -15 feet high..
Are not these worth saving?"
This is n specific (.'.sample or what;
may be e pected from one. of the fam
ilies of trees which it is most difficult to
perpetuate. Pines, us a rule, grow only
from seeds. They cannot be managed
under the coppice system, yet thi
single nbsoruition, carefully cairicd)
out and iccoided, is suflicicnt to set thu
most skeptical to thinking.
In the deciduous forests which oc
cupy the outlying ranges oT the east
ern mountain systems the problem 1
les dilllcult, as most of the desiiublo
species reptotluce themsehes from the.
slump. ,
The history of this region efenrfy
siiows the influence of the lise and de
cline or the Iron industry on tho I'oreut,
the benefit of the siilmitution otT
ro'e for charcoal and the beneficial re
mits iu tlie way of reforestation when
such hinds aie simply left to fhemsehea
and partially protected from fires.
(iiirdcn ami Forest. ,
- The patent olllcv of CJrcat Mritiaa
Jotfb not require model
