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WAKEFIELD MEIIOMAL.
tVaahingtoa's Birthplace to
K Appropriately Marked.
Bo
One of the Most IMcturcuque Hpotn on tho
l'otonmc Mvrr A IJrlef Ills
tory of un Ancient Vir
ginia Citato.
Special Wnshlnntou Xcttcr.1
ITnlf a century more undent thou
Mount Vernon, and one of the most
picturesque Hpots on the Potomac
river, is Wakefield, Westmoreland
county, Va., the birthplace of Georgo
Washington. It ha a been a mibject of
funeral remark that Mount Vernon,
the homo and last resting placo of
Washington, has been taken care of
nnd beautified, while Wakellcld, the
birthplace of the Father of His Coun
try, lias been almost totally neglected.
Wakefield is situated about seventy
miles down the Potomac, south of the
national capital, und sixteen miles
frdm Colonial beach, an excursion re
sort to which hundreds of pleasure
seekers go daily on the boats to fish
und sail and bathe in the salt water.
Many years ago there were plans
suggested for erecting a suitable
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ALT. THAT HEMAIXB OF WASHINGTON'S
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memorial to Washington at Wakefield,
but definite action was not taken until
."Juno, 1879, when an appropriation of
$3,000 was made by congress for the
erection of a suitable monument. By
the provisions of the act the matter
was placed in the hands of the secre
tary of state, who was instructed to
bee that the appropriation was proper
ly expended. It was found that the
$",000 sot aside would be inadequate for
the expense of preparing a suitable
memorial; to, in pursuance of a request
made in a personal letter from William
Id. Kvarts, of New York, who was then
Gccretary of state, and who had visited
Wakefield und learned the necessity of
Immediate action in the matter, Con
gressman Samuel ,7. Randall, of Penn
sylvania, then chairman of the house
committee on appropriations, recom
mended to congress the passage of a
bill appropriating tho sum of $30,000
for the purchase of tho old Washington
homestead, and for the erection of a
monument to mark the birthplace of
the greatest und best member of the
Washington family. The bill was
passed in February, 1SS1. The land
was soon afterwards transferred to tho
fedenil government, and the secretary
of state obtained the right of way for
a road to a suitable landing place on
the river, a mile away.
The first subject to occupy the atten
tion of the authorities was tho con
struction of a wharf to afford an ap
proach to the estate from tho river. It
was found that the cost of hauling the
material for the memorial six miles
over the rough roads would entail
enormous expense, so tho only alterna
tive was to build a wharf on the river
front. Surveys were made and esti
mates prepared for the work, but it
was not until 1SS1 that Gen. Casey,
who has since then been made chief of
engineers in the war department, con
ceived a plan for the construction of a
permanent wharf and asked legislative
authority for the development of his
plan, ifut nothing was done towards
commencing the work until ls93, after
n. delay of nine years. Congress then
jnade provision for tho construction of
the wharf in accordance with the plans
submitted by (Jen. Casey. The work
was begun at once and it progressed
rapidly until completed in September,
ISO I. The structure is conceded to be
the finest of its kind on the Potomac
river. It it. built of cast iron screw
piles with a timber deck, ami is 1,050
feet lung and 10 feet in width, with
deck head 10 by 00 feet wide, the great
length of the wharf being required in
order to reach a water depth of nino
feef. mean low tide, so us to permit the
landing of the large river boats which
ply between Washington and Norfolk.
When Secretary Evarts sent his lus
ter to Congressman Randall, chairman
of the committee on appropriations, in
18S0, he also soil iiitted a plan which ho
had conceived for the erection of a
memorial at Wakefield. Only the
hearthstone and chimney of the orig
inal huue in which Washington was
bom now remain on the .pot. It was
air. Hvarts idea to en et in their place
a handsome modern structure built of
granite, with tiled roof und bronze
tablet, bearing a suitable inscription.
The building wn- to have bronze doors
nnd windov!,, with screens so arranged
hs to remit the entrance of liht. mak
ing
the ir.toi'ior visible from . it hout.
i a buiUli: g, Mr. Evarts then bo-
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licved, would require no care or atten
tion and would be practically imperish
able. Col. t7. M. Wilson, commissioner
of public buildings and grounds, who
had immediate charge of the work of
building the wharf, has a plan for a
memorial which is entirely different
from that proposed by Mr. Evarts four
teen years ago. Secretary of Stato
Gresham, who was delegated with au
thority for the execution of the work,
lms not yet given the matter much con
sideration. lie is, however, disposed
to consider Col. Wilson's plan with
favor. After paying for the construc
tion of tho wharf there wao left, out of
tho original appropriation of $30,000,
only ?2 1,712 which could be expended
on the memorial proper. This sum is
deemed insufficient to constnict tho
granite vault, and Mr. EvnrW plan
will, therefore, not be adopted. Col.
Wilson's plan is to erect over the spot
where the old house stood a simple
rugged shaft bearing an appropriate
inscription. Tho shaft is to be a gran
ite column, and of sufficient height to
be visible from the excursion boats on
the river. The work is now fairly un
der way. Surveyors are at work to as
certain how high the shaft will need to
be in order to be easily seen from all
noints on the river, which is nine miles
wine; so it is reasonable to presume
that within a short time there will be
a handsome monument erected at
Wakelield to suitably mark tho birth
place of the Father of His Country.
It will probably be interesting'
to give right here a brief history
of this old estate and the manner in
which the Waidiingtons were identi
fied with it. The only object which in
any way now discloses to visitors the
identity of Wakefield is a memorial
stone on the site ol the dwelling, which
states that "here, on the 11th day of
February, 1732, George Washington
was born." It was a beautiful Juno
day in 1815 when Mr. Custis, with three
other gentlemen, sailed from Alexan
dria in his own little vessel, with this
memorial Stone wrapped in an Ameri
can Hag; and, landing at a convenient
place, bore it to tho destined spot.
They gathered a few bricks from the
ruina of one of the chimneys and con
structed a rude pedestal, on which they
laid the stone and commended it to tho
care of the American people.
The first of the Washington family
in America was John Washington, who
settled in Westmoreland county in 1057.
He was prosperous, and acquired a
large landed cstato. His eldest son,
Lawrence, succeeded him, marrying
a Miss Warner, of Gloucester county.
Among his children was Augustine,
who, at the age of twenty-one, married
Miss Jane Butler, a neighbor's daugh
ter, who bore him two sous, Augustine,
Jr., und Lawrence, who became the
half brothers of George. In 1728 their
mother died. Two years later their
father married Mary Ball, and the first
born of this union was George, tho
afterwards great patriot, soldier and
statesman.
Washington, when president in 1702,
wrote a genealogical table of the Wash
ington family. In it is the following:
"Jane, wife of Augustine, died Novem
ber 2-1, 172S, und was buried in the fnm
ily vault at Bridge's Creek. Augustine
then married Mary Ball, March 0,
1730." Tho Washingtous for three
generations were buried in that
vault at Bridge's Creek. Mary Ball's
father was a well-to-do planter on the
Rappahannock. Her mother died in
172 Mary's older brother, Joseph
Ball, was a lawyer, settled in London,
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Tin: FAMILY VAULT.
and after the death of their motlier sho
joined this brother and his family in
London. About the same time Augus
tine Washington also went over to
England. Ho married Mary Ball in
England in the year 1730, and for a
wedding tour reerossed the Atlantic
and went to the old homestead in
Westmoreland county, Va.
The dwelling to which Augustino
Washington took his second wife was
very modest, yet it ranked among tho
best at that lime. It had four rooms
and a spacious attic, with the usttal big
chimneys at each ond. On the ri"cr
front was a piazza. Here in this model
home Mary Bull Washington gave birth
to the son who made his name immortal.
This Virginia manor about which clus
tered so much of the interesting history
if the Washington family was doomed
to destruction. One morning in April,
1735. while the servants were burning
some brush in the garden, the dry
shingles on the low roof of the houso
caught flri? from a spark and the flames
spread so ntoidly that nothing could be
done to chock, their progress, and tho
I whole innu'turv was destroyed. Only
the old chimnov.s remained standing.
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THE FARMING WORLD.
"" AN EXCELLENT DEVICE.
Designed for Dnlrymen Who 'Wish to
Cool .Milk In the WolL
Tho sketch herewith shows a simple
and successful creamery that any
farmer can with little expense con
struct. The first thing required Is a
well of good sIkc in diameter and of
cool water. I made tho experiment
early last spring by hanging the cans
in the well, and was so well satisfied
with tho results I made the needed ar
rangement for hoisting and lowering
tho cans by means of a crank which
can be attached to each roller. Three
cans are all that aro needed in my
ciouancry, each one holding a milking,
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which allows thirty-six hours for each
setting. The cans should have covers
to keep out dirt and insects, but not bo
airtight, and can be made to hold a
larger quantity where more cows aro
kept, but should be about three times
tho height of the diameter, with tho
case between the curb floor and the
space roller to allow the can to pass
freely through. The sketch Is so sim
ple it seems unnecessary to explain its
construction. One point to be kept iu
mind is to see that the cans are not
set too deep in rainy weather, as tho
water may riso and overturn the milk.
Snaps are used on the ends of the rope
to attach the can. as seen in Fig. 1.
Tho cover of the case is so made that
when closed it slants back to shed
rain. The front piece (see Fig. 2) is de
tachable und sets in so that 'when
closed it can be locked with a padlock.
All who have seen it think highly of
it, us it is a creamery without tho use
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of ice, which is expensive to have and
a great deal of work to use. On one
occasion in market 1 met a man who
has used a creamery for many years,
and who thought it would pay him to
dig a well purposely instead of using
ice. Setting of milk in wells is so com
mon that this device ought to be gen
erally used by farmers. M. J. Malbett,
in American Agriculturist.
MUSHROOM CULTURE.
No Other (jiinlen Crop I'liys Huoli Sutl
fiictory I'rolltH.
Will you tell us how to grow mush
rooms and whether or not they are
profitable to grow? asks a correspond
ent. One of the most profitable crops
for the outlay that can be grown; the
market i.s sure, because the supply
never equals tho demand. Mushrooms
can be grown in any dark room or cel
lar where tho temperature can be kept
at from ."iO to 70 degrees. From some
old pasture procure good rich soil and
store it away. To every bushel of this
soil add two bushels of fresh horse
manure. Of this well-mixed compound
prepare a bed, say four feet wide. Put
down a thin layer und pound it down
hard, and go on until you have a bed
12 to 18 inches thick. It soon becomes
pretty hot, but let the heat recede un
til it is only 85 or 00 degrees. Then
make holes, say u foot apart, und put
iu the spawn, two or three pieces us
large as a walnut in each hole. Cover
the holes and press the soil solid und
smooth. Let the bed remain iu this
condition nbout 12 days; then cover the
bed with 2 inches of fresh loam, and
over this place 1 or 5 inches of hay
or straw, and the work is done. If the
triiiperature is right in six or eight
veeks you may expect mushrooms.
The beds will continue bearing from
r;oto.'10 ditys. After tho first crop is
gathered, spread over tho bed an inch
of fresh soil, moisten with wurm water
and cover with hay as before The
main condiliotis in mushroom growing
arc proper unit uniform tenrpcruture
and very rich soil. One pound of spawn
is sullicient for a bed 2 by 0 foot.
Yarmer's Voice.
RAISING LIMA BEANS.
A I'rodtulilo Crop nnd un Ornnmont to
thn 11rm Unrricn.
This delicious and wholesome bean
is ouo of the pleasures and profits of
the garden. Any good garden boil will
grow them, and the varieties are multi
plying. When 1 select my &ecd for tho
next season 1 always do it when pick
ing the green crop. Whenever I find
iui early, well-formed and well-filled
pod 1 murk it by tying a string loosely
around its stem und let it hiiug for
ripening.
I always plant in rows threo feet
apart, and for my family of seven I
plant 2 rows 20 feet long or 1 rows tqn
feet long. This gives us an abundance
of green picking and quite a number of
messes of the dry beans. I maku tho
ground nice, line and smooth. Then I
draw a line and stick tho bean edge
wise eye down, 4 inches apart in tho
row, with my thumb and forefinger,
and then sift along tho row some finely
pulverized stable manure. When the
beans are up sulllciently high I culti
vate carefully until they start their
runners, then 1 go to tho lumber yard
and get three light posts 2x2 und 'two
strips of. inch plunk 2 inches wide. If
my rows arc 20 feet long, I put one post
equidistant between the rows at each
end, and one in the middle. Then 1
put the strips of board edgewise on
these posts us high up on them us 1 can
conveniently reach. These strips form
a ridge pole above und between the
rows. I then split some short stakes
about lf inches long out of u piece of
board or straight splitting stove wood,
und drive them directly in the rowi of
beans iu a slanting position about
feet apart in the rows. Then using
ordinary wool twine I run a string
along these stakes, looping it on them
so as to ktep it from slipping: and from
this string I pass strings over the ridge
board to each bean hill, and the work
is done; only I then carefully loosen up
the soil, pull the earth from the center
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ti:i:llis roi: li.ua iu:axs.
well up to the rows, and then let them
run along the strings till they reach
the top, which is the signal for pinch
ing tho runners off. Tho cost nnd
trouble is small, and the string anil
poles can be used for several seasons.
Besides, when a little cans is taken to
do the work neatly, the growing beans
are an ornament in the garden. I raise
all pole beans tho same way. Ameri
can Agriculturist.
How to Murltrt String Hit mi.
String beans should be gathered as
soon a,s the bean is about to form in
the pod, before it i.s hardly perceptible.
Do pot allow them to remain- on thu
vines until coarse. It is also advisable
to s-oe that they go into packages cool
and dry, and when expedient to spread
them out for a short time do so. When
ready they should be packed in about
the same packucs (us peas, only this
rule should be observed, especially in
putting up wax beans, the beans
should be nicely and evenly placed iu
layers on tho bottom, sides und top of
packages. This gives them an attrac
tive appearance which adds vovy ma
terially to their sale. Puck full and
keep out all specked or rusty beans.
Farmers' Review.
i:ir:cl of L'ooil on Ituttcir.
Carefully studied experiments in
feeding dairy cattle show that the kind
of food the cows consume has a pro
nounced effect on tho hardness of the
butter. So far as the experiments have
gone it appears (1) That gluten meal
tends to produce a much softer quality
of butter than cornmeal or cottonseed
meal, and, other things being equal,
tends to lessen the churnability of the
butter fat. (2) That silage produces a
much softer butter than does good hay,
bnt it is also favorable to the flavor and
texture of the butter product (3)
Thut cottonseed meal tends to produce
an unusually hard quality of butter,
and that cottonseed meal and gluten
meal might be used together with ex
cellent results. runners Review.
Vcntlliitloii In tlio Cow S'tiible.
No feature in dairying is more impor
tant than ventilation. Do not stable
cows where their food is stored. The
best stable floor is made of concrete
and should be washed often. The sta
ble should be light with plentv of win
dows, the cattle facing each other. On
the roof should be a ventilator that can
never be closed. Ventilation by win
dows should be regulated daily. (Jn
entering the stable in the morning
open the doors and blow out the im
pure air the first thing. O. B. Hud won,
in Farm and Home.
Wlui t ;t Textis Man Tliinlts.
Good roads encourage neighborliness.
They are a most potent agency in re
moving the imrricr.s of prejudice
which a generation of misguided per
sons have erected between town and
country. W. L. Moore, Pilot Point,
'Vox.
Wjik.v trees can be protected as easi
ly aa they may be by weaving laths
and standing them ulunit the tree, no
body should ever complain of damage
done by rabbits in w Inter.
WELL-FED HORSES.
Among tlio TcrMim tlio AnlinuU Tiirw
Ktiinptuoiinly.
Certainly my father's stable was ts.
night for sore eyes. A series or
rectangular holes in the wall of tho
courtyard formed tho mangers, to
which tlio horses were secured by head
ropes; tho heels of each animal woro
also fastened by ropes of block camel's
hair to a big iron pin driven into tlio
ground behind it. Each of them wan
covered by a light woolen sheet, and
they were all eating away as though
for dear life, it being early summer,
wImjii, iih my father informed me, alL
horses aro fattened on grass for a
couple of mouths, and do little or no
work.
There was a great heap of freshly
cut green barley, and a boy was busily
occupied iu cutting this Into pieces
some three inches long by means of n.
sort of saw-edged sickle. As soon us n.
horse had emptied its manger it would
look around at tho head groom, who
was seated on a brick platform In tho
middle of the stable yard, and neight
then tho head groom would address it
by its name, and Bay affectionately:
"Yes, my soul, you Shall bo attended
to immediately;" then ho would cull to
u second boy, who would fill tho uni
nml's manger with the freshly-cut
green barley grass.
"This goes on all day und all night,,
Madge," said my father, with a laugh;
"none of these animals get any grain,,
und they couldn't grind it if they did,
for their teeth aro temporarily
blunted by the perpetual munch
ing of the green barley stalks.
Kach horse will eat a mule load of it in
the twenty-four hours, and they are all
as fat as pigs, as you shall see. Now
Is the horse's annual holiday," und
then, by my father's orders, the beau
tiful creatures were stripped one after
the other, and 1 confess that I had
never seen horses so fat. or with such
shiny coats before. But not one of
them stopped eating for an instant,
and the long tails never ceased switch
ing and twirling and brushing off tho
Hies in a .scientific manner. Tliey
never cut horses' tails in Persia, they
would consider it cruel; and the long
tails, most of which almost touch tho
ground, certainly add to the animals"
appearance. Behind an Eastern Veil
Dr. Wills.
POKER IN ALASKA.
An ICxpiM-loiu-ii Tlmt .MhIW-h it Now Yorltri
Wiuil to Itclimi to .Ihik'iui.
"A hclect little poker party was oiu
in Juneau the night before 1 luft,"suid
a man who bus just returned from.
Alaska, "and the game sweetened up
in good shape in a few rounds. Poker
is t lie same iu Alaska as it is in New
York or Florida, only perhaps it's.
uf tuner. In the c uirse of the game a
jack pot assumed ample proportions,
and a noted local player opened it with
a bang. One after another laid down,
und only one man stayed iu to fight It.
out. He drew one curd to fill u straight
Hush while the opener stood pat. The
opener pushed out u little stuck of
chips after the draw. His opponent
threw down u bob-tail flush exclaim
ing. "'If Iliad caught my man I would
have seen you and raised you clear to
tho ceiling.'
'"Well, here's your man,' said the
opener handing him the desired ace of
spades, 'and now go ahead with your
binning.'
"The other player looked at tho
opener in amazement. The straight
Hush man, for that was his hand, bet it
stack of reds. The opener saw him
and raised at the same time remarking:-
" "i'ako back your chips old man. L
don't want to rob you.'
'"Uobme! Well, 1 guessmot. Yon
can't do it without u gun. I've got a
royal Hush and nothing beats that but
a six-shooter.'
"The opener looked dazed and then
throwing down an ace full on kings he
said:
" 'Dashyty-blank-blunk. Of course
you have. I'm the oyster and I've been
opened in shape.
"My friend Mr. Goodplayer had to
set 'em up for the rest of tlio evening.
Wasn't that a soft target? I'm going
back to Juneau sometime." N. Y. Sun.
Know llor IIiihIui-hi.
"It do scum funny to me," complained
the Georgia mother, "that you will
stick to that Si Lovingood, that ain't
got notion on earth but that there
little ten-acre farm that everybody
knows is wore out, when you got a
chance to marry that there rich man
from the north. What is tho matter
with you, Polly, anyway? Throwin'
away a rich man for a common, ornery
cracker! What ixcuse you got?"
The maiden smiled a wan smile.
"Polly want- n cracker," was all she
deigned to say. Cincinnati Tribune.
An Awful Liar.
Mother Why are you so anxious to
marry my daughter, sir?
Applicant Partly because of my de
sire to have you for my mother-in-law,
madam.
His request was grunted. Texnu.
Siftings.
A ("lt'iir CiiNit.
Ho You can tell a woman's charac
ter even by arrangement of the tidies
on tho chairs in her parlor.
She Hut suppose there are no tidies?
"Then she is considerate." Detroit
Free Pros.