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About The Nebraska advertiser. (Nemaha City, Neb.) 18??-1909 | View Entire Issue (June 7, 1895)
f HI H si '. 1 i i u 1 t ' I. 9 ! W I J i I l t lm. n. M'l WAKEFIELD MEIIOMAL. tVaahingtoa's Birthplace to K Appropriately Marked. Bo One of the Most IMcturcuque Hpotn on tho l'otonmc Mvrr A IJrlef Ills tory of un Ancient Vir ginia Citato. Special Wnshlnntou Xcttcr.1 ITnlf a century more undent thou Mount Vernon, and one of the most picturesque Hpots on the Potomac river, is Wakefield, Westmoreland county, Va., the birthplace of Georgo Washington. It ha a been a mibject of funeral remark that Mount Vernon, the homo and last resting placo of Washington, has been taken care of nnd beautified, while Wakellcld, the birthplace of the Father of His Coun try, lias been almost totally neglected. Wakefield is situated about seventy miles down the Potomac, south of the national capital, und sixteen miles frdm Colonial beach, an excursion re sort to which hundreds of pleasure seekers go daily on the boats to fish und sail and bathe in the salt water. Many years ago there were plans suggested for erecting a suitable AIWV J""" ' -sawKtts-sa .. -n .fiii.rij-1-;- . ea-- --5Eir--i tJVxsisir..m-rvx')(t gsSCVS ALT. THAT HEMAIXB OF WASHINGTON'S IlIllTHri.ACn. memorial to Washington at Wakefield, but definite action was not taken until ."Juno, 1879, when an appropriation of $3,000 was made by congress for the erection of a suitable monument. By the provisions of the act the matter was placed in the hands of the secre tary of state, who was instructed to bee that the appropriation was proper ly expended. It was found that the $",000 sot aside would be inadequate for the expense of preparing a suitable memorial; to, in pursuance of a request made in a personal letter from William Id. Kvarts, of New York, who was then Gccretary of state, and who had visited Wakefield und learned the necessity of Immediate action in the matter, Con gressman Samuel ,7. Randall, of Penn sylvania, then chairman of the house committee on appropriations, recom mended to congress the passage of a bill appropriating tho sum of $30,000 for the purchase of tho old Washington homestead, and for the erection of a monument to mark the birthplace of the greatest und best member of the Washington family. The bill was passed in February, 1SS1. The land was soon afterwards transferred to tho fedenil government, and the secretary of state obtained the right of way for a road to a suitable landing place on the river, a mile away. The first subject to occupy the atten tion of the authorities was tho con struction of a wharf to afford an ap proach to the estate from tho river. It was found that the cost of hauling the material for the memorial six miles over the rough roads would entail enormous expense, so tho only alterna tive was to build a wharf on the river front. Surveys were made and esti mates prepared for the work, but it was not until 1SS1 that Gen. Casey, who has since then been made chief of engineers in the war department, con ceived a plan for the construction of a permanent wharf and asked legislative authority for the development of his plan, ifut nothing was done towards commencing the work until ls93, after n. delay of nine years. Congress then jnade provision for tho construction of the wharf in accordance with the plans submitted by (Jen. Casey. The work was begun at once and it progressed rapidly until completed in September, ISO I. The structure is conceded to be the finest of its kind on the Potomac river. It it. built of cast iron screw piles with a timber deck, ami is 1,050 feet lung and 10 feet in width, with deck head 10 by 00 feet wide, the great length of the wharf being required in order to reach a water depth of nino feef. mean low tide, so us to permit the landing of the large river boats which ply between Washington and Norfolk. When Secretary Evarts sent his lus ter to Congressman Randall, chairman of the committee on appropriations, in 18S0, he also soil iiitted a plan which ho had conceived for the erection of a memorial at Wakefield. Only the hearthstone and chimney of the orig inal huue in which Washington was bom now remain on the .pot. It was air. Hvarts idea to en et in their place a handsome modern structure built of granite, with tiled roof und bronze tablet, bearing a suitable inscription. The building wn- to have bronze doors nnd windov!,, with screens so arranged hs to remit the entrance of liht. mak ing the ir.toi'ior visible from . it hout. i a buiUli: g, Mr. Evarts then bo- iinoii ?2C - -y- ; r-T t. 2jz? ' " c" " licved, would require no care or atten tion and would be practically imperish able. Col. t7. M. Wilson, commissioner of public buildings and grounds, who had immediate charge of the work of building the wharf, has a plan for a memorial which is entirely different from that proposed by Mr. Evarts four teen years ago. Secretary of Stato Gresham, who was delegated with au thority for the execution of the work, lms not yet given the matter much con sideration. lie is, however, disposed to consider Col. Wilson's plan with favor. After paying for the construc tion of tho wharf there wao left, out of tho original appropriation of $30,000, only ?2 1,712 which could be expended on the memorial proper. This sum is deemed insufficient to constnict tho granite vault, and Mr. EvnrW plan will, therefore, not be adopted. Col. Wilson's plan is to erect over the spot where the old house stood a simple rugged shaft bearing an appropriate inscription. Tho shaft is to be a gran ite column, and of sufficient height to be visible from the excursion boats on the river. The work is now fairly un der way. Surveyors are at work to as certain how high the shaft will need to be in order to be easily seen from all noints on the river, which is nine miles wine; so it is reasonable to presume that within a short time there will be a handsome monument erected at Wakelield to suitably mark tho birth place of the Father of His Country. It will probably be interesting' to give right here a brief history of this old estate and the manner in which the Waidiingtons were identi fied with it. The only object which in any way now discloses to visitors the identity of Wakefield is a memorial stone on the site ol the dwelling, which states that "here, on the 11th day of February, 1732, George Washington was born." It was a beautiful Juno day in 1815 when Mr. Custis, with three other gentlemen, sailed from Alexan dria in his own little vessel, with this memorial Stone wrapped in an Ameri can Hag; and, landing at a convenient place, bore it to tho destined spot. They gathered a few bricks from the ruina of one of the chimneys and con structed a rude pedestal, on which they laid the stone and commended it to tho care of the American people. The first of the Washington family in America was John Washington, who settled in Westmoreland county in 1057. He was prosperous, and acquired a large landed cstato. His eldest son, Lawrence, succeeded him, marrying a Miss Warner, of Gloucester county. Among his children was Augustine, who, at the age of twenty-one, married Miss Jane Butler, a neighbor's daugh ter, who bore him two sous, Augustine, Jr., und Lawrence, who became the half brothers of George. In 1728 their mother died. Two years later their father married Mary Ball, and the first born of this union was George, tho afterwards great patriot, soldier and statesman. Washington, when president in 1702, wrote a genealogical table of the Wash ington family. In it is the following: "Jane, wife of Augustine, died Novem ber 2-1, 172S, und was buried in the fnm ily vault at Bridge's Creek. Augustine then married Mary Ball, March 0, 1730." Tho Washingtous for three generations were buried in that vault at Bridge's Creek. Mary Ball's father was a well-to-do planter on the Rappahannock. Her mother died in 172 Mary's older brother, Joseph Ball, was a lawyer, settled in London, V4&? f:c il'M $ &!T . g:-fc gsffioZfc- AA'i??ca? WAfc- 7iSRiJf.i f&AJa!t i.WBHKB rijiv r.iin MlllJ. H 1 1. ,li,u- Tin: FAMILY VAULT. and after the death of their motlier sho joined this brother and his family in London. About the same time Augus tine Washington also went over to England. Ho married Mary Ball in England in the year 1730, and for a wedding tour reerossed the Atlantic and went to the old homestead in Westmoreland county, Va. The dwelling to which Augustino Washington took his second wife was very modest, yet it ranked among tho best at that lime. It had four rooms and a spacious attic, with the usttal big chimneys at each ond. On the ri"cr front was a piazza. Here in this model home Mary Bull Washington gave birth to the son who made his name immortal. This Virginia manor about which clus tered so much of the interesting history if the Washington family was doomed to destruction. One morning in April, 1735. while the servants were burning some brush in the garden, the dry shingles on the low roof of the houso caught flri? from a spark and the flames spread so ntoidly that nothing could be done to chock, their progress, and tho I whole innu'turv was destroyed. Only the old chimnov.s remained standing. Kvtir.ivx t'Ji& 7M iJ&-Jy iiC M!.ys " XS ." r ... X" v: .rf T: ,. -.JA tf.2 .' & - -K Lyr-A irt;'.. r n -ttttti- ji.jjTnT. U I , . I.' 'A JfriffiWifiL ,( ' ' !!ll -tiSerfi3 !i!l THE FARMING WORLD. "" AN EXCELLENT DEVICE. Designed for Dnlrymen Who 'Wish to Cool .Milk In the WolL Tho sketch herewith shows a simple and successful creamery that any farmer can with little expense con struct. The first thing required Is a well of good sIkc in diameter and of cool water. I made tho experiment early last spring by hanging the cans in the well, and was so well satisfied with tho results I made the needed ar rangement for hoisting and lowering tho cans by means of a crank which can be attached to each roller. Three cans are all that aro needed in my ciouancry, each one holding a milking, ML n-! r- v1 C- l-Ki. i. which allows thirty-six hours for each setting. The cans should have covers to keep out dirt and insects, but not bo airtight, and can be made to hold a larger quantity where more cows aro kept, but should be about three times tho height of the diameter, with tho case between the curb floor and the space roller to allow the can to pass freely through. The sketch Is so sim ple it seems unnecessary to explain its construction. One point to be kept iu mind is to see that the cans are not set too deep in rainy weather, as tho water may riso and overturn the milk. Snaps are used on the ends of the rope to attach the can. as seen in Fig. 1. Tho cover of the case is so made that when closed it slants back to shed rain. The front piece (see Fig. 2) is de tachable und sets in so that 'when closed it can be locked with a padlock. All who have seen it think highly of it, us it is a creamery without tho use A i.-"-1-) u LT no. of ice, which is expensive to have and a great deal of work to use. On one occasion in market 1 met a man who has used a creamery for many years, and who thought it would pay him to dig a well purposely instead of using ice. Setting of milk in wells is so com mon that this device ought to be gen erally used by farmers. M. J. Malbett, in American Agriculturist. MUSHROOM CULTURE. No Other (jiinlen Crop I'liys Huoli Sutl fiictory I'rolltH. Will you tell us how to grow mush rooms and whether or not they are profitable to grow? asks a correspond ent. One of the most profitable crops for the outlay that can be grown; the market i.s sure, because the supply never equals tho demand. Mushrooms can be grown in any dark room or cel lar where tho temperature can be kept at from ."iO to 70 degrees. From some old pasture procure good rich soil and store it away. To every bushel of this soil add two bushels of fresh horse manure. Of this well-mixed compound prepare a bed, say four feet wide. Put down a thin layer und pound it down hard, and go on until you have a bed 12 to 18 inches thick. It soon becomes pretty hot, but let the heat recede un til it is only 85 or 00 degrees. Then make holes, say u foot apart, und put iu the spawn, two or three pieces us large as a walnut in each hole. Cover the holes and press the soil solid und smooth. Let the bed remain iu this condition nbout 12 days; then cover the bed with 2 inches of fresh loam, and over this place 1 or 5 inches of hay or straw, and the work is done. If the triiiperature is right in six or eight veeks you may expect mushrooms. The beds will continue bearing from r;oto.'10 ditys. After tho first crop is gathered, spread over tho bed an inch of fresh soil, moisten with wurm water and cover with hay as before The main condiliotis in mushroom growing arc proper unit uniform tenrpcruture and very rich soil. One pound of spawn is sullicient for a bed 2 by 0 foot. Yarmer's Voice. RAISING LIMA BEANS. A I'rodtulilo Crop nnd un Ornnmont to thn 11rm Unrricn. This delicious and wholesome bean is ouo of the pleasures and profits of the garden. Any good garden boil will grow them, and the varieties are multi plying. When 1 select my &ecd for tho next season 1 always do it when pick ing the green crop. Whenever I find iui early, well-formed and well-filled pod 1 murk it by tying a string loosely around its stem und let it hiiug for ripening. I always plant in rows threo feet apart, and for my family of seven I plant 2 rows 20 feet long or 1 rows tqn feet long. This gives us an abundance of green picking and quite a number of messes of the dry beans. I maku tho ground nice, line and smooth. Then I draw a line and stick tho bean edge wise eye down, 4 inches apart in tho row, with my thumb and forefinger, and then sift along tho row some finely pulverized stable manure. When the beans are up sulllciently high I culti vate carefully until they start their runners, then 1 go to tho lumber yard and get three light posts 2x2 und 'two strips of. inch plunk 2 inches wide. If my rows arc 20 feet long, I put one post equidistant between the rows at each end, and one in the middle. Then 1 put the strips of board edgewise on these posts us high up on them us 1 can conveniently reach. These strips form a ridge pole above und between the rows. I then split some short stakes about lf inches long out of u piece of board or straight splitting stove wood, und drive them directly in the rowi of beans iu a slanting position about feet apart in the rows. Then using ordinary wool twine I run a string along these stakes, looping it on them so as to ktep it from slipping: and from this string I pass strings over the ridge board to each bean hill, and the work is done; only I then carefully loosen up the soil, pull the earth from the center 3A-. ti:i:llis roi: li.ua iu:axs. well up to the rows, and then let them run along the strings till they reach the top, which is the signal for pinch ing tho runners off. Tho cost nnd trouble is small, and the string anil poles can be used for several seasons. Besides, when a little cans is taken to do the work neatly, the growing beans are an ornament in the garden. I raise all pole beans tho same way. Ameri can Agriculturist. How to Murltrt String Hit mi. String beans should be gathered as soon a,s the bean is about to form in the pod, before it i.s hardly perceptible. Do pot allow them to remain- on thu vines until coarse. It is also advisable to s-oe that they go into packages cool and dry, and when expedient to spread them out for a short time do so. When ready they should be packed in about the same packucs (us peas, only this rule should be observed, especially in putting up wax beans, the beans should be nicely and evenly placed iu layers on tho bottom, sides und top of packages. This gives them an attrac tive appearance which adds vovy ma terially to their sale. Puck full and keep out all specked or rusty beans. Farmers' Review. i:ir:cl of L'ooil on Ituttcir. Carefully studied experiments in feeding dairy cattle show that the kind of food the cows consume has a pro nounced effect on tho hardness of the butter. So far as the experiments have gone it appears (1) That gluten meal tends to produce a much softer quality of butter than cornmeal or cottonseed meal, and, other things being equal, tends to lessen the churnability of the butter fat. (2) That silage produces a much softer butter than does good hay, bnt it is also favorable to the flavor and texture of the butter product (3) Thut cottonseed meal tends to produce an unusually hard quality of butter, and that cottonseed meal and gluten meal might be used together with ex cellent results. runners Review. Vcntlliitloii In tlio Cow S'tiible. No feature in dairying is more impor tant than ventilation. Do not stable cows where their food is stored. The best stable floor is made of concrete and should be washed often. The sta ble should be light with plentv of win dows, the cattle facing each other. On the roof should be a ventilator that can never be closed. Ventilation by win dows should be regulated daily. (Jn entering the stable in the morning open the doors and blow out the im pure air the first thing. O. B. Hud won, in Farm and Home. Wlui t ;t Textis Man Tliinlts. Good roads encourage neighborliness. They are a most potent agency in re moving the imrricr.s of prejudice which a generation of misguided per sons have erected between town and country. W. L. Moore, Pilot Point, 'Vox. Wjik.v trees can be protected as easi ly aa they may be by weaving laths and standing them ulunit the tree, no body should ever complain of damage done by rabbits in w Inter. WELL-FED HORSES. Among tlio TcrMim tlio AnlinuU Tiirw Ktiinptuoiinly. Certainly my father's stable was ts. night for sore eyes. A series or rectangular holes in the wall of tho courtyard formed tho mangers, to which tlio horses were secured by head ropes; tho heels of each animal woro also fastened by ropes of block camel's hair to a big iron pin driven into tlio ground behind it. Each of them wan covered by a light woolen sheet, and they were all eating away as though for dear life, it being early summer, wImjii, iih my father informed me, alL horses aro fattened on grass for a couple of mouths, and do little or no work. There was a great heap of freshly cut green barley, and a boy was busily occupied iu cutting this Into pieces some three inches long by means of n. sort of saw-edged sickle. As soon us n. horse had emptied its manger it would look around at tho head groom, who was seated on a brick platform In tho middle of the stable yard, and neight then tho head groom would address it by its name, and Bay affectionately: "Yes, my soul, you Shall bo attended to immediately;" then ho would cull to u second boy, who would fill tho uni nml's manger with the freshly-cut green barley grass. "This goes on all day und all night,, Madge," said my father, with a laugh; "none of these animals get any grain,, und they couldn't grind it if they did, for their teeth aro temporarily blunted by the perpetual munch ing of the green barley stalks. Kach horse will eat a mule load of it in the twenty-four hours, and they are all as fat as pigs, as you shall see. Now Is the horse's annual holiday," und then, by my father's orders, the beau tiful creatures were stripped one after the other, and 1 confess that I had never seen horses so fat. or with such shiny coats before. But not one of them stopped eating for an instant, and the long tails never ceased switch ing and twirling and brushing off tho Hies in a .scientific manner. Tliey never cut horses' tails in Persia, they would consider it cruel; and the long tails, most of which almost touch tho ground, certainly add to the animals" appearance. Behind an Eastern Veil Dr. Wills. POKER IN ALASKA. An ICxpiM-loiu-ii Tlmt .MhIW-h it Now Yorltri Wiuil to Itclimi to .Ihik'iui. "A hclect little poker party was oiu in Juneau the night before 1 luft,"suid a man who bus just returned from. Alaska, "and the game sweetened up in good shape in a few rounds. Poker is t lie same iu Alaska as it is in New York or Florida, only perhaps it's. uf tuner. In the c uirse of the game a jack pot assumed ample proportions, and a noted local player opened it with a bang. One after another laid down, und only one man stayed iu to fight It. out. He drew one curd to fill u straight Hush while the opener stood pat. The opener pushed out u little stuck of chips after the draw. His opponent threw down u bob-tail flush exclaim ing. "'If Iliad caught my man I would have seen you and raised you clear to tho ceiling.' '"Well, here's your man,' said the opener handing him the desired ace of spades, 'and now go ahead with your binning.' "The other player looked at tho opener in amazement. The straight Hush man, for that was his hand, bet it stack of reds. The opener saw him and raised at the same time remarking:- " "i'ako back your chips old man. L don't want to rob you.' '"Uobme! Well, 1 guessmot. Yon can't do it without u gun. I've got a royal Hush and nothing beats that but a six-shooter.' "The opener looked dazed and then throwing down an ace full on kings he said: " 'Dashyty-blank-blunk. Of course you have. I'm the oyster and I've been opened in shape. "My friend Mr. Goodplayer had to set 'em up for the rest of tlio evening. Wasn't that a soft target? I'm going back to Juneau sometime." N. Y. Sun. Know llor IIiihIui-hi. "It do scum funny to me," complained the Georgia mother, "that you will stick to that Si Lovingood, that ain't got notion on earth but that there little ten-acre farm that everybody knows is wore out, when you got a chance to marry that there rich man from the north. What is tho matter with you, Polly, anyway? Throwin' away a rich man for a common, ornery cracker! What ixcuse you got?" The maiden smiled a wan smile. "Polly want- n cracker," was all she deigned to say. Cincinnati Tribune. An Awful Liar. Mother Why are you so anxious to marry my daughter, sir? Applicant Partly because of my de sire to have you for my mother-in-law, madam. His request was grunted. Texnu. Siftings. A ("lt'iir CiiNit. Ho You can tell a woman's charac ter even by arrangement of the tidies on tho chairs in her parlor. She Hut suppose there are no tidies? "Then she is considerate." Detroit Free Pros.
