NORTn PLATTE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE.
At.
LS IMPROVED
Y COVER CROPS
Used for More Than 100 Years
by Farmers Who Found
Practice Profitable.
L THREE PURPOSES OF LEGUMES
Universal Rule to Plant In Time to Se
euro Good Growth Before Freez
ing Weather Of Especial
Valuo to Truckers.
Pptnl bj the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Planting cover or green manure!
crops Is it matter which requires at
tention In September In most parts of
the United States, says the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Clover, vetch, and other legumes
serve the triple purpose of adding
humus to the soil, accumulating ni
trogen, and preventing soil erosion.
With some tender berry and fruit
crops they also serve to protect tho
roots from severe winter weather. Out
side of the nitrogen-forming plants,
ryo is largely used as a cover crop
sown In the fall and plowed under In
tho spring to add organic matter to the
soli. Tho cover-crop problem varies
largely with locality, but for over
winter purposes there Is one rule which
Is universal, and that Is to get the
crop In tho ground In time to secure
good growth before freezing weather.
A Practico of Long Standing.
The use of clover or some other
legume to enrich the soil Is generally
considered a cardinal agricultural
practice In the humid sections of the
United States. It antedates by three
fourths of a century the monumental
discovery that legumes store up nitro
gen from the air. Tho belief thut
clover was a valuable Improver rested
llrst on experience, and later experi
ence was substantiated by the dis
covery of the relation between tho
legumes and the nodule bacteria.
Other legumes, as the cowpea, tho
Japan clover and bur clover In the
South, and crimson clover on the At
lantic coast, have come Into use In the
territory, not well udapted to red
clover. The various vetches are held
In widespread favor, different varie
ties being employed according to cli
mate and crop conditions.
The time of planting and the best
crop to use is a matter which local
conditions must clictat.". Along the
Cover Crop Should Make Fair Amount
of Growth Before It Is Turned
Under.
north Atlantic coast It Is considered
best to get these crops In from the
first to the middle of August, while
In tho extreme South, the planting may
be deferred to early October. In the
extreme North hairy vetch Is favored
as a legume cover, or green manure
crop, but ryo Is also largely planted.
From middle Pennsylvania to tha
north Alabama line crimson clover
gives good results. In the extreme
South bur clover, vetch, and crimson
clover uro used, as well as velvet
benns and cowpeas.
Broadcasting Seed Is Favored.
Methods with cover crons vary great
ly. In tho South they are customarily
sowed between rows of cotton at the
last picking. It Is also common to
bow tho winter crop between corn
rows before harvest. Wherever cleun
cultivation Is practiced tho soil is
llkelv to be In shape for broadcast
Ing tho seed. If cpnvculent, It can be
harrowed In. In orchards a light bar
rowlnz or disking may bo employed
If the ground Is free from sod. Care
must, of course, bo taken not to Injure
the roots. The crop Is usually plowed
under in tho spring, but this Is not al
ivjivs done with orchards. Data col
lected in all parts of tho United States
shows a general benefit from this form
of nirrlculture.
Cover crops are of especlul value to
Hmnll irardeners und truckers, wno
often find It both dllllcult and ex
pensive to obtain stable manure. They
add tho humus wliicn is so necessary
to maintain u good physical condition
of tho soil.
PROBLEMS OF AVERAGE FARM
One of the Most Important Is to Ar
range Work to Obtain Profit
From Each Department.
To arrange tho work of the farm bo
that each department can be mode to
' turn n nroflt Is one or tlio important
problems of the average farm. Where
silos aro adueu to mo lann uuiiumgB
n fOmniro of farm management must
follow. Less hay Is needed, less land
Is required for pasture, more stock can
be kept on tho land, moro land miiBt
bo used for corn, or at least sufficient
pnm must bo planted to fill the silo.
Less labor Is required to feed tho
stock, but more must be provided dur
ing the short season of silo filling.
PUBLIC MARKET AIDS
BUYER AND PRODUCER
May Be Open Space Where Farm
crs Sell to Consumer.
Some Cities Have Erected Sheds Aong
Street Curbs Supplementary
Agencies to Assist In Effi
cient Distribution.
Open retail markets constitute tho
simplest and least expensively oper
ated of all types of public markets.
In Its simplest form a mdrket of this
type tnny bo merely a designated
length of curb, a section of a broad
street, a vacant lot, 'where, under
slight supervision, farmers may group
their wagons and sell to consumers.
In Its highest development such u
market may consist of a paved tract
with raised walks covered with sub
stantlal sheds to protect teams, wares,
buyers, and sellers from tho weather.
Tho shed may even bo of a typo that
In bad weather may bo made practical
ly Into an enclosed building by the
uso of rolling doors. A few cities have
erected sheds along etreet curbs for
tho protection of open markets, but
for tho inoEt part curb markets aro
unprotected und sheds aro constructed
only In markets situated on special
market tracts.
The essential feature of a retail
market Is the restriction of purchases
to consumers as distinguished from
Open Retail Markets Benefit Both
Buyer and Producer.
dealers. Such a market, If it is a
"producers' market," furnishes an op
portunlty for direct dealing between
producers and consumers. Open re
tall markets may also admit hucksters,
or wagon nnd push-cart ' peddlers as
salesmen. These dealers are usually
admitted under certain restrictions.
The United States Department of
Agriculture has given much attention
to the subject of public markets, their
establishment and operation, as an
economical and satisfactory meeting
place for the country producer and
the city buyer. A new Department
Bulletin, No. 1002, entitled "Open
Types of Public Markets," Is now
available for distribution, and copies
may be had free by writing to the De
partment of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C.
The bulletin discusses the function
of public markets,' their ownership and
control, establishment and operation.
It says that public markets are not
agencies to replace other means of
distribution .of farm produce they are
supplementary agencies to aid, under
favorable conditions, in efllclent dis
tribution. BEES ARE VERY PROFITABLE
Common Honey Gatherer Is by Far
Best Carrier of Pollen Scatter
Through Orchard.
Tho common honey bee Is by far
tho best carrier of pollen and it will
pay the fruit grower to keep bees,
even though he may not care to go
Into tho honey business. Bees, how
ever, uro a very prolltable -side-line
for the orchardlst, especially If al
falfa fields are available to work on
after the blooming season of fruit
has passed. About one hive of hues
to an acre of bearing orchard Bhould
bo provided.
Preferably the hives should bo scat
tered itB widely as possible throughout
tho orchard during the blooming sen
son. Experiment and experience have
thown that little rellnnoe can be
placed on tho efficacy of wind and of
Insects other than the honey beo In
effecting the transfer of pollen from
tree to tree, or in fact from llower to
flower.
SUCKERS ON CORN HARMLESS
Many Farmers Have Mistaken Idea
That Earless Stalks Are Hin
drance to Growth.
Many farmers are possessed with
the Idea that the suckers or enrless
stalkB which grow from an ear-bearing
Btalk of corn, are a hindrance to
the best growth of the latter;
and valuable hours ure sometimes
Bpent removing them. But experi
ments during two successive years on
Nebraska farms demonstrated that
corn with tho suckers left undisturbed
outylelded that from which tho suck
ers had been removed. Their leaves,
like the others, would seem to per
form useful office In absorbing nu
tritive elements from the ntmosphero
for the benefit of tho enr on the mnln
stalk.
DAIRY
HINTS
PLAN FOR THROWING ANIMAL
Necessary at Times to Have Cow or
Bull on Ground to Perform
Necessary Operations.
For performing surgical operations,
dehorning, ringing or castrating, it Is
often necessary or deslrablo to throw
a bull and hold him on the ground.
The accompanying sketch shows a
very effective method to use In cast
ing a cow or bull. It requires 35 or
40 feet of rone. With hornless unl-
mals the first loop will need to be
around the neck Instead of the bonis,
as Illustrated. The next step Is a
half hitch Just back of the forelegs
njid another In front of the hind quar
ters. Pulling on the main rope to the
rear and toward tho side on which
it is desired to have the anlmnl He
will get results. Pregnant cows should
not be so thrown. Once the nnlmnl Is
Effective Method in Casting Bull.
down turn Its head back, noso up,
with poll to the ground. A hand hold
on tlie side of upper Hp will usually
enable one mnn to hold the animal
down, another man keeping, taut the
casting rope. Dairy Fnrmer.
ECONOMICAL FEED FOR HERD
Most Important Item That Enters In
to Cost of Milk Production
Analysis of Figures.
(Prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
now to feed his herd economically
and profitably Is an important thlug
for a dairyman to know. In all sec
tions of the country where Investiga
tions have been carried on, the Unit
ed States Department of Agriculture
has found that feed Is the most ex
pensive item that enters Into the cost
of milk production; nnd Jntelllgent
feeding, In either summer or winter,
offers the 'biggest opportunity to re
duce costs.
The analysis of many figures by the
department shows that In Vermont the
winter costs of keeping a herd were
made up of 03.1 per cent feed and
bedding, 17.5 per cent labor and 19.4
per cent other costs. In summer, feed
and bedding represented 41.0 per cent
of the total expense, labor 20.7 per cent
and other costs 31.7 per cent.
In the South the costs are distrib
uted somewhat differently. Figures
obtnlned In Louisiana show that In
winter HO per cent of the expense Is
for feed and bedding, 22.4 per cent for
labor and 21.0 per cent other costs.
The summer costs In that region do
not differ from the winter costs so
much as they do in the North. The
figures for summer in Louisluna show
that 50.5 per cent of the total cost of
milk Is for feed and bedding, 20.2 per
cent for labor and 23.3 ner cent for
other costs.
Although it is advisable for, a farm
er to economize wherever he can
wisely do so, these figures show that
the dairyman who studies feeds nnd
feeding has an excellent opportunity
to Increase the profits of his dairy
herd.
SOY BEANS FOR DAIRY COWS
According to Tests at Iowa Station
Plant Furnishes Most Palatable
Protein Feed.
Soy beans as a feed for dairy cattlo
have Bhown their value In replacing
oil meal In the raUon, nccording to a
recent experiment conducted by tho
Iown agricultural experiment station.
Cracked soy beans, It was found, made
a palatable protein feed worth one
third more than the same nmount of
ollmeal.
Two years' experiments were con
ducted with the soy beans In replacing
protein supplements, and the results
show that dairy fanners can produce
this supplement to advantage.
BALANCED RATION IS URGED
Corn Fodder Is Not Satisfactory for
Dairy Cow Because It Is Lacking
In Protein.
A cow may consume large quanti
ties of feed, nnd still lack the essen
tial elements for milk production. This
Is why the uso of a balanced ration is
both economical and satisfactory.
Corn fodder, fed alone, for example, Is
not a satisfactory feed, because the
ration lacks protein, und hasn't suf
ficient succulence to promote a satis
factory flow of milk.
Keep Utensils Clean.
Milking machine, palls and covers
should be thoroughly washed and ster
ilized with steam after every milking.
Milking Preparations.
In preparing the cows for milking,
lihe same care should be used as in
milking by hand. It 1b necessary that
the teats bo very clean If a clean milk
Is to ho obtained.
Increase Dairy Profits.
Systematic feeding of good cow
Will Increase dairy profits.
GIRL IS HALTED
BY "SUICIDE CURE"
Plan Devised by Police Proves
Successful in Case of Wom
an Seeking Death.
Los Angeles, Calif. A "suicide
cure," devised by tho Los Angeles po
lice department, has proved Its effi
cacy in the few cases where oppor
tunity hns been afforded to apply it.
It consists of a demonstration to
tho person who desires to end his llfo
that no matter how dreary and un
bearable existence seems to him, there
are others who face greater troubles
without even the thought of resorting
to self-destruction.
The most recent exposition of tho
value of the. "cure" was in the caso
of a young woman who had quurreled
with her fiance. She decided life was
no longer worth the living. She
Was thown Women Charged With
Murder.
wrote a note to iier mother that she
was on the way to a. beach resort to
drown herself. To roach the resort
she had to puss through "Lob Angeles.
Hoc mother notified the police rf her
city and they notified the Los AnyeliB
police. The result was the latter met
the train which the young woman
thought was taking her to death.
The policewoman to whom the
young woman was turned over said
little directly bearing upon the hitter's
case, but Immediately started upon a
"personally conducted" tour of the city
and county jails ,and the homes for
unfortunate young women. The would
be suicide was shown girl mothers
who had no husbnnds; girl wives who
had been deserted by their husbands;
girl wives seeking divorces from their
husbands; girls and women charged
with various felonies, Including mur
der. The point was soon driven 'home.
"I see what a fool I was," said the
young woman taking the tour. "I can
never thank you sufficiently. I am
going right home to mother and be n
good girl."
HAS INITIALS SKINNED OFF
Spanish Bride Renounces Tattooed
Initials of Former Sweetheart
In Old Country.
Dallas, Tex. Pretty Senorltn Jocos
ta Garcia, twenty years old, and three
years nway from sunny Spain, had
the tattooed Initials of a former sweet
heart "skinned" from her left fore
arm nt a hospital here to "show her
love for the man of her choice," Senor
Ilomll Alonzo, twenty-four, n Spaniard
who lias been Americanized.
Little Jocosta enmo to the land of
the Americano three summers ago.
She left a sweetheart In Spain. She
told him she would wait for him In
the land of tho Americano, nnd to
prove she would wait and that she
was his she had his Initials tattooed
on her arm.
The gnllant lover recently refused
to come to America. Senorltn Jocostn
refused to go back. The troth was
broken, and she married Alonzo.
House Spoils Ball Lot; '
Boys Fire It 27 Times
Pittsburgh, Pa. Ten boys ad
mitted they sot fire to an old un
occupied frame house In a field
in Larimer avenue, near Lenora
street, at least 27 times In the
hope the houso would be de
stroyed so their baseball field
would be expanded. The boys
were reprimanded and dis
charged. "Place the boys under pnrole
for one year," the fire marshal
asked, "and if the house is fired
during this time I will order
their arrest nnd usk that they be
sent to Morganzn."
"Every time one of our henvy
sluggers would come to bat he
would knock the bull against the
house and would be robbed of n
home run," one of the boys told
Mil tTinftlat-rnto "Wm fnt- tlpmt tf
seeing home runs turned into
two-unggers and we decided to
burn the house down."
According to tho police, It
cost the bureuu of fire more
than $7,000 to answer tho
alarms. The house is not worth
more than $1,000.
I I o
I I '
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OMAHA, NEBRASKA
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Keep Nebraska Money In Nebraska
Patronize Home Industries
Tho Superlative.
"Drought I" exclaimed the old timer,
"You folks don't know whnt drought
Is. Why, in tho early '70s my corn
mndo 18 acres to the bushel 1" New
York Sun.
AN EXAMPLE OF
The 30 x3 Goodyear Cross Rib Tire
shown here alongside its companion, the
30 x 3 Goodyear All -Weather Tread
Clincher, is a conspicuous example of
Goodyear value.
The Goodyear Cross Rib has in it the
same high grade Egyptian cotton fabric
that goes into the All -Weather Tread
Goodyear.
It has a differently designed but long
wearing tread, and it sells for considerably
less money.
In the past five years more than 5,000,000
of these Goodyear Cross Rib Tires have
been sold.
They have everywhere given remarkable
service.
Their fine performance and known value
have convinced thousands of motorists of
the folly of buying unknown and unguar
anteed tires of lower price.
Ask your Goodyear Service Station Dealer
to explain their advantages.
10c
Makes Old Waists Like New
Putnam Fadeless Dyes dyes or tints as you wish
V J
Tho man who can't work or won't
tnko advice Is beyond help.
If you use Bed (jirosa Ball Blue In
your laundry, you will not bo troubled
by those tiny rust spots, often caused
by Inferior bluing. Try it and see,
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GOODYEAR VALUE
1