N0T1TTT PL ATTIC SEMT-WEETCT;Y TRIBUNE
DAIRY
HINTS
i :' r' iv L'ft
-rf-KOULNG In support of ' the
jrm existence of nn all-dlroctlne
T Intelligence In Nature one
V I could select, a very satis
0 factory object-lesson In the
Rs-0k I hllllllllll Alll.f.iul.l.lln.l nnn
- ...... -vai iitjiii'Mivi i ; i
pie of nn unscientific turn
of mind might put it tills
WAV: fjnil opontml tin.
Milium to give the world a cheap
nourishing nd Iienltlifni fnnii
A skeptical Chlcagoan might say, of
, ""!"-'- -' ft was not until the he-
gilllllng Of tills reiltllrv tlinr Chlnn.
knew anything about the banana us
hometnmg to nt. True enough, but
vviuc.igo now eats bananas by the mil-
Jion, Just US does liinrlv ivrrv ithi.r
large city in the world. The fact that
imnana Is tronlcal i'mlr mui ims tn
he curried to tlie colder regions ot
earui adds ratber than detracts from
us value as an object-lesson, when
taken In connection with other facts
which may lie summarized thus:
The banana lias been cultivated for
lood from the earliest historical time
It Is Indigenous to Asia and Africa;
it may bo indigenous to America or 'It
may Jiave been .brought 'here from
Spain in the Sixteenth century. It Is
now grown ;in most tropical and many
subtropical -countries. In a generation
the business of distributing It over the
world has grown Into an Industry of
iremonuuus economic Importance.
"Nature makes the banana a contin
uous crop. A Imnana plantation Is set
in virgin soli, from which 'the forest
has been out. The nluiit ,1s .n lmrlm.
ceous iperonnlnl which contains about
so per cent water. The main stem Is
under around and .is a lame flsliv
rootstock, .called rhizome, Which lias
large eys .after :the fashion of a
potato. The 'Itrunk" of :the "tree" is
a compact -riheaf of ilenf sheaths; some
times .it ireaches i. holidit of 10 foot
with .diameter of 2 feet and leaves
12 feet long and 2 feet wide. Each
"tree" bears one 'lunch and Is cut
down m ilmnvestlmr the fruit. A nlan
tation comes Into btiarlnc In about
fifteen months. Young "trees," coming
up trom tlie .parent irootstock renluce
those cut:; -plantations sometimes pro-
uuce tor twenty years Irani u single
planting.
It Is stated ithat 'the banana, grown
on an equal acreage, will support m
larger nnmlr rt persons ithun will
wheat. In food value ttiheads alJ the
raw fruits, it surpasses mnnv of the
vegetable in energy value and In Ms-
Muu-uuiminK eieinems. in tact, some
of the diet exiwrts ao i fnv n tn -kv
that the bauuiia gives more food for!
itne same cost than any .other fresh
fruit or vegetable or llsh, .meat, mill;
to,' eggs.
The haiiiina is ttbutod I )V (till
ture thill It Is one of the few fruits
which reach the perfection in food
vailue when harvested gr.oen. It was
created to be harvested green. It Is
ulwuys harvested green, .even when
4hUui in the Ironies wiwue It trrowe
Harvested green. It Is. uutli fullv rim'.
praelJcally a living organism drawing
sustenance from Its stalk, with sap
flowing and tissues changiug. .It gen
erutw Jieat within Itself for the ripen
Ing process.
The luinmiii Is sealed by nature In
a germ-proof package: Its clove-like
hkln protwts It from contamination of
all kinds.
The l.aniiiia is so packed by nature
that it Js transported from plantation
to consumer without box. crafe ir
wrnppfng of any kind.
In the Hulletlii of the I'au-Amerlcaii
Union for December there Is an IUiik
Hated article on the banana, esneclallv
dealing with Its cultivation In Central
America anil Its transportation to the
United States, compiled and edited by
Philip K. Iteynohls of the United Fruit
i-ompnny. In tills .irtlcie the following
points are made, unong others:
Central America offers blent
lions for banana rMiltivnflnn Tim .,ln
inountnln backbone runs nloni thn Pn
cuic coast, the lesser ranges to the
eatstward, leaving wide slopes, river
vajieys and lowlands on the Carib
bean side. It Is In this cAKfinn ,i -
miles back from the coast, at an eleva
tion or not moro than 250 feet iihoro
sea level, with its hot diivs nmi immtii
nights and with an annual rainfall of
from 80 to 200 Inches, that the wilder
ness of tropical Junule hns inndn wnv
for tho greatest fruit farms of tlie
wonu. All within tlie nast fortv wars
an enormous agricultural Industry with
us reiaicu interests of railways,
stores, docks, villages .and hospitals,
nas sprung up In a region formerly al
most uninhabited. Cent nil
may Indeed thank the bann
ror tiy far the most progressive de
velopment and constructive Inflnnnr...
which have ever readied its kIhutps
Ihe modern luiuiina plantation Ir n
marvel of system and Inn nltv nil
the more impressive because of Its
setting of primeval Jungle. In the
transformation within a few yenrs
from n riotous wilderness of huge
trees, palms, vines, ferns and nthor
tropical growth to a vast itxuct of cul
tivated land, there is a succession of
steps which can scarcely be contem
pinteu Dy those familiar .onlv with
farming operations in tlie temneruto
zone. The surrounding country Is first
tliorouglily explored as to .Km .titnnuc
for banana cultivation. Thou
the clearing away of forest ;nnd brush.
tlie digging of the main .drainage
ditches, the bulldlnir of houses, mil.
roads and tramways and the planting.
Then follows the rradunl develotmiont
.and extension until vast anenu ..
pouring their product methodically
and .regularly into the holds of iw
ships at the loading ports.
Tlie quality and condition of tho
fruit and Its prompt and careful han
dling are the all-imnortant factor. T.
dispatch ithe modern type of refrigera
tor steamer at regular and frequent
lutejw.als, .with a cargo of from -in.oao
to 75;0()0 stems of prime, freshly cut
fnuJt, irequlres a vast area of good
paodueuig land, connected with tho
tropical port by railways whose toinl
leagtii may extend Into the hundreds
of miles. Tlie railways In turn nn
fed by a still more extensive srstom
ol Jlght tram lines. Tlie fruit In' some
Instance la subject to a railway haul
of 70 miles. The riding, work and
pack animals required on the farms
run Into the lliousiuids. and a sninii
army of employees and laborers Is con
stantly engaged. Each plantation must
have good telephone communication
with Its district headquarters and with
a central office for the nromnt distrl.
butlon of cutting advice, control of
deliveries and oiierntlon of the fruit
trains. This central ofllco In turn com.
munlcntes by cable or radio with the
head ofllccs and with the tdilps en
route, and every effort Is made fo have
the arrival of the fruit and the steam
er at loading port coincide, as well as
to have the fruit, after It Is cut, put
aboard the ship In the briefest posslblo
time. Tho whole system forms n most
Interesting example of organization
npd attention to detnll.
Each plant developed to maturity
from the rootstock bears but a slnglo
bunch of bananas, which Is made up
of so-called "hands" or clusters'. These
hands grow separately in spirals,, eacli
containing from 10 to 25 individual
bananas or "lingers." Commercially,
bananas are classed as ranging from
nine to six hands, any bunch having
less than six hnnus not being readily
marlcetable. The standard commercial-sized
hunch has nine hands, all
bunches with nine or more hnnds be
ing clnssed ns "nine-hand" fruit.
As fruit of various stnires of (level-
"opment Is coming on nt the snme time,
a practiced eye Is required to select
the bunches of proper grade to bo cut
for shipment. Cutting of the fruit in
a given section Is done once, and fre
quontly twice, a week. A cutting
"gang" usually consists of three men
The "cutter," the "backer" and the
"muleman." The "cutter" uses' a long
pole with a special knife attached to
the end. He nicks the trunk of tho
tree a few feet below the bunch, and
the weight of the bunch causes tho
trunk to weaken and bend where it
has been cut. Tlie top of the tree
with Its bunch of fruit Is steadied by
the pole to avoid Its conilng down
with a rush nnd crushing the fruit
It Is eased down until within the reach
of the "backer," who receives the
bunch on his shoulders and the "cut
ter" severs .the bunch from the tree
with n machete .and cuts off tlie bios
som end. The "backer" Immedlotolv
(Carries the bunch on his shoulders to
the nearest packroad or tramline, nnd
the "cutter" ;then .cuts down the tree
Itself near the ground, where It nulck
ly rots, the decayed stalk forming
humus which acts as a good fertilizer
for the soil.
The loading of the steamer begins
Immediately upon the arrival of the
urst lruit train at the nort. Tho cut
ting orders and the schedule of the
fruit trains are so arranged thnt a
continuous flow of fruit to the lending
port is insured. Tlie loading of tin
stenmshlp continues day and night
without Interruption until eomnletod
cargoes of 75,000 bimclieu being loaded
in tj. to 10 hours.
At all the principal Imnana loading
ports, .the cars of fruit are switched
to tive dock and the bananas carried
to conveyors or loading nmclilnos
which take the bunches info the holds
of the steamship. Each class of fruit.
I. v.. tiie nine, eight, sovon mi civ.
hand bundles, is usually stowed koh-
arately, and stowage nlans are nro.
pared, showing the location and quan
tity or tut! (UlTerent clnsses, to facili
tate the proper discharge of the en rL'n
upon arrival. The bunches are stowed
on end, resting on the larger end or
tiutt or the stalk, In from one to four
tiers or with one or more tk-rs stand
ing and one or two tiers laid norln-
tally thereon.
Oldtime Roller Skates
Enrly In the Eighteenth century tho
good people of Holland were in the
habit of making hurried errands on
skates, but on far more primitive
skates than are sold today even by,
flic smallest shops. It was quite an
art to 'navigate the Dutch skates of
those days they were heavy and had
only two wheels. The rest of Europe
never thought of using them until J.
J Plimpton, a Now ynrk Inventor,
took hold of the Idea. The first thing
lie did was to put four wheels on each
skate. Then he Invented rubber
springs, and, dually, In 1803. lie put his
Innovation on the market In such
form that It immediately became popu
lar and soon was sold everywhere as
one of the favorltp toys.
Transcendentalism.
This term is a vague one which was
applied to the philosophy of the group
of Amcrlcun writers which centered
about Concord. Mass., between 1850
nnd 1880. Ilalpli Waldo Emerson was
tho best known of thorn, while
Thoreau, Clinimlng, Alcott and Mar
garet Fuller were other well-known
members of the circle. The transcen
dcn'al philosophy tnlf.ht hc Mctly (,.
scribed as the belief that man reaches
his fullest development by fixing ,8
mind upon tho highest and noblest ele
moms in life and overlooking the
mean nnd sordid phases. "As a man
thinks, so Is he." The modem cult of
the New Thought derives much of Iti
doctrine from triiiiscwidentnllsin.
SANITARY HOUSE FOR DAIRY
Necessary Where Milk la Handled, Be
cause of Its Susceptibility
to Contamination.
(Prepared by th United StitM Department
of Agriculture.)
Because of the dcllcato naturo of
milk and Its susceptibility to contami
nation by dirt and odors, dangerous to
tho health of tho consumer and likely
to cnuso loss to the producer, a dairy
house constructed on sanitary prin
ciples and properly located Is n neces
sity on every farm that sells milk.
Tho regulations of the different
states vary, but it is usually found do
Blrablo to hnvo sucn building a short
dlstnnco from tho barn, or, If it adjoins
the stable, to have only an outsldo en
trance. Prompt removal of tho milk to
facilitate cooling and prevent contami
nation is always necessary. A concrcto,
brick or tile house with asbestos or
slato ,roof, although comparatively
costly, is fireproof, durable and sani
tary and requires few repairs. Other
materials that may be used nro stone,
cement blocks and wood.
Tho lloor of tho milk house Is par.
tlcularly Importunt, and concrete, be
cause of Its ablllt to withstand mois
ture, decay and wear, Is the best ma
terial. Although dressed tongue-nnd-groove
lumber may bo used for tho in
sldo walls, cement plaster makes tlie
best finish. Light is Important, nnd
window spaco should bo equal to at
least 10 per cent of the floor space.
To lcocp tho air sweet nnd dry good
ventilation is needed. In some ell
mntes windows and doors will provide
It, but In most localities other means,
such as a ventilating flue, will be
found necessary. Files and other
germ-cnrrylng Insects must be kept
out with screens so arranged that they
will not lntcrfcro with the operation
of the windows and doors.
Plentiful supplies of cold nnd hot
wnter, for cooling and for cleaning
nnd sterilizing, aro a necessity If n
high-class product is to be turned out.
Tho unavoidable spilling of milk and
tho use of quantities of water demand
nn adequate dralnngo system that will
enrry the waste well away from tho
house. Most local nnd stnte health
departments .have specIDc regulations
on this subject.
All of these problems of dairy
house construction nro discussed in de
tail In Farmers' Bulletin 1214, "Fnrm
Dairy Houses," Just Issued by the
dairy division of tlie United States De
partment of Agriculture, copies of
'jlS
A Good Ail-Around Milk House for
Dairies.
which can bo obtained free of charge.
In tills bulletin plans nnd pictures uro
given of nine types of houses, suitable
for farms having from ten to several
hundred cows: for dairies where milk
Is sold In cans or bottles or Is made
Into butter; nnd for those using hand
or power machinery. Those who aro
Interested In any particular plan may
obtain blue prints from tho division
of agricultural engineering, burenu of
public roads, United States Depart
ment or Agriculture, Washington, D. O
WMGLEY
This new
sugar-coated
gum delighi
young and old,
It 'Snelts in your
mouth" and the gum in the
center remains to aid digestion,
brighten teeth and soothe mouth
and throait.
There are the other W RIG LEY
friends to choose from, too:
Attack Premature.
"Why did you strlko this hnber
dasher's clerk?"
"Your honor," said the large, un
couth person, "he showed me a collar
and said It was n 'perfect dear.'"
"Well," snorted the Judge, "what did
you hit him In tho store for? Couldn't
you wait until after closing time and
catch him In an nlley. Illrinltiglinm
Age-Herald.
How to Tell.
The way to tell the difference be
tween n Japanese stntesman and a
wooden Imago Is to watch for the ex- '
presslon on the wooden image's fnce.
SOY BEAN HAY AS ROUGHAGE
Tennessee Station Finds It Superior to
Corn Stover In Producing Milk
and Butter.
The Tennessee station compared soy
bean straw and corn stover ns rough
age in the production of milk nnd hut
tor. The ration containing soy-bean
straw was found superior to thnt con
taining corn stover. This rntlon pro
duced more pounds of milk nnd butter
fat and produced them more cheaply
than tho cornstover ration. In every
ense there was less loss In milk nnd
butter fat during the feeding of soy
bean straw than during the feeding of
corn stover. It was concluded from
these tests that soy-bean straw Is a
valuable addition to the roughage In
tho feeding of dairy cows.
PROTECT YOUNG FRUIT TREES
Mice Can Be Discouraged by Tram
pling Down Snow Rodents Bur
row In Grass and Refuse.
Protect young fruit trees from mice.
Wire screens ubout tho trees aro good.
Tramp the snow well about each tree.
This will often discourage the mice
working around It. They like to bur
row In grass und other refuse near
tho tree under the snow and eat the
Unrk.
Thousands Have Kidney
Trouble and Never
Suspect It
Applicants for Insurance Often
Rejected.
Tud trine? fmm rnnnrta frAm flnntnUfi
who aro constantly in direct touch with
the public, there is one preparation that
has been very successful in overcoming
these Condition. Thn mild nn1 l.nnllnn
influence of Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root is
buuu reauzca. it sianus llic mgneat tor
its remarkable record of success.
An pynininitltt rilivalninn fnv ntin A( 4 1.
1 d i j --. w. wuu L 1 1 u
proraincnt Life Insurance Companies, in
an interview on tne suuject, made the ns-1
tonishing statement that ono reason why
BO inanv annlicnntn for inRiirnnrn nro r. I
jeeted is because kidney trouble is so 1
common 10 inu American people, and the I
large mnjornj 01 tnoso whose apphca-'
tions aro declined do not even suspect
that they have the disease.
Dr. Kjjmer's Swamp Root is on sale '
at nil drug stores in bottles of two sizes,
medium and large. However, if you wish
first to test this great preparation send
icu cutu 10 xjt. runner & Vo., JJuiKham
ton, N. Y., for a sample bottle. When
writing be sure and mention this paper.
Advertisement.
Weakness of the Sex.
It isn't at all unusual for a wife to
utay longer on her honeymoon than her
husband Judge.
LOOM
Product
Lloyd
Baby Carriages &Furtiiluns
Ask Your Local Dealer
WriteNow
for 32-Page
Illus
trated Booklet
The Lloyd Manufacturing Company
WtvuooJ.WakJitU Co, )
Dept. E
Menominee, Michigan (16)
!
3 To 'Etrnrwr Tcs)- nf .l I
ijUSPlINDERS
The medium should nlwaya be In
good spirits.
Mtrfi CuUrcSM
U4h Hltm-CMirM
U,CMt'3iW
MmtupporWt ZU
UM AtUcfit d to fory fm
tlfj -Thefltr.chisv
in the Oprlng",
Afdc"Vfi(i Tlojilnt-
If he hssntthetn-Bend direct
Accept no Bubatituta
Look Jor Nam on Cucklea
Nu-Waii Strech Suspender Co,
W UlMlllArTlillM
Adrian MlaK
IU V WlIOI.KHALKt AI TOMOUILK I'AKTH,
HUpptlfH for all earn. I.nrKo Mook. Semi
ilnncilptlnii of unrtH wantcit Wo ulilp any
where JUKNHIt MOTOR CO., Hnllna, Kuna.
j'ncUiry AkciiIm All or wmro tm7. MbImw
150 to I1U0 par wuou nelflnij CuBtom Bullf
ItnlncoutH. Spiling outfit nnd namplo rain
coat fre. The Custom M fir V., Aehland, O.
esteni (hnada Offers
Health and Wealth
IN
nnd fianlirmiotif rf.(.ntn..nt n.. .1 1.- ! . . i
sandsof home Bfekers and their families who have
ettlea on her tRXiE homesteuds or bouKht land at
attractive prices. They have utablisliedthelr own
Homes and secured prosperity and independence.
In the ttreat graln-arpwlnu sections of tho prairio
provinces there is stilt to be had on easy terms
Fertile Land at $15 to $30 an Aer
land similar to that which through many years
has yielded from 20 to 45 bushels of wheat
to tne acreoata, barley and flax also in great
abundance, while raisins horse, cattle, ahrep
and hous Is equally profitable. Hundreds of farm,
ers in Western Canada have raised crops in a single
season worth more than the whole cost of their
land. Healthful climate, good neighbors, churches,
schoola, rural telephone, excellent markets and
w...u...n lie kiiuiaiD UIJU BUI&UUCr
Inducements for almost every branch of
agriculture. The advantages for
Dairying, Mixed Farming
and Stock Raisins
make a tremendous appeal to industrious set.
tiers wishing to iinprovo their circumstances.
?lil!0,tttUdi"tf.,,,.nr nPdfrlptlon of firm
it write "uuwu rtu.wBj rait(
W. V. BEHNETT
Boom 4, Bee Bid., Omaha, Neb.
?-,Jh"."i Af ,B, BBtt ' Immlttstlen
and Colonlieiton, Dominion ol Cntda
