TT1E NORTTT PLATTE RF.AiT-WT3FiKTiY TT?rnTTNT?
CQRNHUSKEB ITEMS
WewB of All Kinds Gathered From
; Variom Points Throughout
Nebraska. "
,0F INTEREST TO ALL READERS
.' Tho M. E. cliurcli nt Exeter hns Just
(closed a very successful revival.
; Fred Blnckbtim, a negro, has con
fessed to police Uint lie had robbed 20
;homes In Omaha recently,
j Twelve members of tho university
"jbnskot ball tenm have gone to Urbana,
.Jill., where they will meet Illinois In u
(scries of contests,
j A Whitman ranch owner, who want
icd to 'get homo In a hurry, paid an nlr
j piano taxi $500 to take him from
! Omaha to that place,
j Hogs aro on tho upgrade nt the
j South Omaha stock yards and quite
i a number of Nebraska farmers ship
i pert loads last week that brought top
I prices.
Grief-stricken, following the tragic
death of his sweetheart In Omaha a
few weeks ago, Francis Alexander
dkllled himself with a rllle at his home
In Hayes Center.
Jose Sanchez, Burlington round
house employe, wns shot and killed nt
McCook by Pete Lopez, section labor-
jer, following Sanchez refusal to loan
I him money during a poker game.
Tho majority of Nebraska farms aro
Btlll occupied by their owners. The
; figures for last year are: Number of
(farms occupied by owners. 00,420;
; number occupied by tennnts, 52,007.
! George Jensen, nn 8-year-old Omaha
jboy, was fatally Injured when he col
luded with a speeding automobile while
coasting, dying a few hours afterward.
Nebraska railroads have agreed to
provide transportation to delegates to
;the annual congress of the Farmers'
union, to bo held In Omaha from Jan
unry 11 to 14, for one and one-half'
I fare.
Miss Selmn Anderson, formerly reg
istrar of the University of Omaha, left
last week for Guntur, India, where
she will be a missionary of tho church
at the Lutheran mission station, school
-and college.
Building costs In Omnha will be
reduced 30 to 40 per cent In the
spring, according to an article In the
house organ of the Home Builders,
by W. Boyd Jones, head of the con
struction department.
Amos Thomas, Omaha attorney, who
was a lieutenant-colonel overseas dur
ing tho world wnr, has been appointed
by Governor McKelvio to command the
'First regiment, Nebraska National
Guard, ranking as colonel.
Nurses who lost their personal be
longings In tho fire which, gutted the
nurses' dormitory at the University
I hospital nt Omaha, will be reimbursed,
according to Frank W. Judson, mor.i
,ber of the board of regents.
A grip belonging to Mrs. Ida Adam
son of Beatrice, containing about $700
in notes, was stolen from the Bur
lington station at that place shortly
after Mrs. Adanison nllghted from n
train on her return from a trip In
Iowa.
Walter Crom, a farm hand from Te
kamnh, wns found lying unconscious,
his face, hands and feet frozen, war
tho railroad tracks In Omaha. Police
believe that the man wns overcome by
the cold as ho was wandering near the
railroad track.
Buffnlo county has made formal ap
plication for state aid to construct a
new bridge across tho Platte river
near Kearney, to cost $100,000. Tho
river Is now spanned by n series of
five wooden , bridges, all old and In
dnnger of being carried away by Ice
or high water.
T. F. McNamara of Granite Pass,
Ore., has written Secretary of State
Amsberry to Inquire if Nebrnskn of
fers a bonus for discovery of coal
mines within its stnte. Mr. McNamara
says that he knows of u place where
he can locate coal and will demon
strate that It Is all right. Mr. Ams
herry hns written him that the stato
will pay a bonus of $4,000 for a vein
of coal 20 inches thick and $15,000 for
one 30 Indies thick, but it must be
close enough to the surface of the
earth to be mined successfully .
United States Judge T. C. Munger
entered nn order hist week declaring
tho American Potash company n bank
rupt. In Its answer tho company ad
mitted that It is Insolvent ns claimed
by the three creditors who filed a peti
tion In court. Sam Waugh of Lincoln
has been appointed receiver for the
company.
The Julius Schmidt grocery store
In Elkhorn wns entered by burglars
Sunday night, the thieves escaping
with $100' In merchnndis".
The Bed Willow county Bed Cross
society lias decided to give $500 from
Its fund for the near oast relief. The
local organization does not expect to
put on nny drive for funds for this
purpose.
The dinners' Elevntor at Peru was
completely destroyed by fire with 2,000
bushels of corn and oats, and other
suppllos such ns Hour, and feed. Tho
loss was. complete, only the books from
the oHlce being saved from the llnmes.
Thti Sutton city council, on recom
mendation of Mayor Scott, has given
notice to all daylight workers, em
ployed by the city, that their pay will
be cut to 40 cents an hour on and
after January first. This Is a reduc
tion of 30 ptr cent.
The fuiO Inmates of the stnte prison
were tendered a big Cluistmns "teed"
by Warden Fenton. The menu con
sisted of baked chicken, mashed pota
toes, brown gravy, bread and butter,
coffee, celery, pickles, cookies, pump
kin pie, lemon cake, apples, oranges,
candy and cigars. The holiday spirit
permeated the Institution.
Tho Grand Island pollco force un
covered a still In nctlvo operation
In the former Gold Cure lnstltuto nt
that place, which went out of business
soon after tho state wont dry.
Nebraska Federation of Betnllers
will hold a meeting nt Omnha, Jnnunry
24-28. The association embraces deal
ors In Bhoes, furniture, dry goods,
clothing and groceries.
A gunrnnteo fund of $10,000 has
been pledged by Lincoln citizens for
the purchase nnd distribution of coal
to worthy people who aro out of work
or aro unnblo to purchnso fuel Just at
present.
Tho Plnttsmouth city counclt has do
clded that, the contract recently inndo
with tho lighting compnny ut that
plnco wns not valid, according to law,
as the deciding vote wns caBt by tho
mayor.
Stock shippers from Wyoming nnd
other western stntes say that prices
In the South Omnha market are much
bettor thnn those of other places to
which they have mado shipments
recently.
Frank W. Atkins, stnto representa
tive-elect from Gage county, has ten
dered his resignation ns deputy sher
iff to the board of supervisors and E.
C. Snilsbury has been named ns his
successor.
After a thorough discussion of moro
than two hours, the State Bar associa
tion decided not to adopt n resolution
to Incorporate by n vote of 54 to 32.
This Is the fourth time the nssoclntloa
has defeated tho move.
More than one thousand young wom
en nt the University of Nebraska aro
taking physical training to improve
their health, or studying Infant care,
cooking, baking, sewing, laundering
nnd other home-making rtrts.
Nine nlonths old Herman Strzlcwlcz,
a. South Omnha product, weighs forty
two pounds nnd wnlks and talks. Ho
weighed eleven nnd ono-hnlf pounds
nt birth, nnd Is said to bo a perfect
physical specimen of boyhood.
A heavy run of hogs showed up at
South Omnha Inst Tuesday, about 13,
500 head, and prices suffered one of
tho worst breaks of tho season, 500
00c. Tops brought $0.03 nnd bulk ot
the trading wns at $0.25(0)0.00.
Investigation shows that Dr. Charles
E. Heihman, well known Alliance pro
fessional and business mn;i, who died
suddenly In his office while treating a
pntlent, was killed by an electric
shock from his newly Installed X-ray
machine.
After nn ofllcinl count, Postmnster
Dnnlel announced thnt from December
20 to 24, inclusive, this year, the parcel
post department nt Omaha handled
10,504 bags of ninll, ns compared with
4,044 bags In the same period of 1010
an Increase of 120 per cent.
Eastern cement manufacturers who
have had men scouring Kansas nnd
Nebraska, and who recently spent
over $13,000 In making tests In Jeffer
son county, have exp- .d Interest In
their find of three dltUnct kinds of
'clay formation neur "ftymbro In Gngo
county.
Frank Kutn, an 11 year old boy, was
shot through the heart and Instnntly'
killed by nn older brother, whllo play
ing soldier nt their homo nt Columbus.
Mrs. Lena Jones of WIsner hanged
herself with n sheet from n bed in her
room nt a snnitnrlum In Denver, where
she was undergoing trentnicnt. '
A tentative victory has beefi won In
the fight follower freight rates on
carload shipments of dead rabbits
from Nebraska and Kansas to Chicago
and eastern markets. Although shipped
as meat, the rabbits have been classi
fied as game, nnd n high freight rate
has been charged,
The welfare committee of the
Woman's club supplied n number of
poor families of Tecumsoh with Christ
mas cheer. A big dinner was taken to
each, Including chickens, fresh nnd
canned vegetables fruits, candles and
nuts. Also there was a distribution
of clothing, bedding and some fuel.
Gage county farmers who have
leased 4S.000 acres of land to the Ne
braska Oil nnd Gas Development com
pany now propose to operate the com
pany themselves. At a recent 'meeting
It was voted to offer to take over tho
active management, permitting the
company to retain one-third of tho
lenses In case oil is found.
Heduceil railroad rates have been
'obtained for the farmers' meetings at
Lincoln January 3 to 7. A special
rate of one nnd one-hnlf fare will bo
allowed all farmers, their wives nnd
members of their families attending
the meetings. Full fare will be charg
ed for the trip o Lincoln nnd one-half
fare for the trln home. A certificate
should he obtained with the first pur
chase. The presentation of this cer
tificate will entitle the holder to hnlf
fure returning home.
The nnmial meetings nt Lincoln of
tiio Nebraska farmers organizations,'
scheduled for January 3 to 7, probably
represent the greatest single gather
ing in Aniericn of men nnd women in
terested in agriculture. Between 5.000
and 10,000 persons annually attend
these meetings. Twenty or more or
iranlzutions or societies, some of them
more than a half century old, hold ses
sions from two to four days hi length.
Martin Ilarman, n convict, pleaded
guilty before u Lincoln court to taking
part In a holdup on December 8 while
he was outside the penitentiary us u
trusty.
A total of $S,7 10.70 cash from Doug
las county for American relief for
children In central Europe has been
reported by State Chairman Wnttles,
Out-state gifts of $2,441.07 make a to
tal of $11.1SS.4(1 cash to date. Tho
quota for Nebraska Is $'30,000.
Bent, old nnd crippled, Hans An
derson, an old toy-muker, nnd an In
mnte of the Douglas county poor farm
since 1SS5, has inulled n $." hill to
O. W. Wattles, state chairman of the
European Belief council, for the use
of starving children of Europe. The
amount represented his entire Christ
mus profits on smes.
j WORK OF LEGISLATURE j
INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE.
Organized Labor Presents to the Gov
ernor Some of the Laws It De
sires Enacted. .
Fifty labor loaders, representing nil
tho organizations In tho state, met
with the governor nnd Frank A. Ken
nedy, bend of tho department of la
bor, nnd presented a numbor of Items
for recommendation to the legislature
In tho way of Inbor organization.
First of nil wns n protest against
any mensuro resembling tho Knnsas
court of Industrial relations. An In
crease In employers' liability compen
sation nnd Inws making tho owners of
property llublo ns well ns the employ
ers of lnbor ns In building 'construc
tion were nlso recommended.
A wide-open primary and tho aboli
tion of the party circle, on the ballot
were asked.
Other propositions were: Priority
for mechanics' liens over construction
mortgages; elght-houc day ns a basic
work day for all employes of street
railways; amendment of the compen
sation lnw ndmlttlng those who work
by wnge, piece-work, commission or
contract; repeal of wage garnishment
law; proper, housing for railway car
repair men while engnged In their
work ; definitely fixed pay days ; eight
hour pay day for stato nnd municipal
employes nnd re-clinctment of the fe
mnle labor law; a minimum wnge for
school teachers; development of stnto
water power; laws to encourage co
operative organizations In banking,
manufacturing, wholesaling nnd prod
uce mnrketlng; legislation thnt will
give added freedom of speech, of the
press, of assemblage nnd of religion'
the consolidation of nil municipal, pn
llco nnd Justice courts Into one metro
polltnn court; state old for ex-soldlors,
abolition of Injunctions In labor dis
putes,; stnte ownership of sugnr fac
tories, packing houses nnd other Indus
tries which should be classed ns pub
lic utilities; u state reformatory apart
from the penitentiary; the placing ot
nil stnte nnd municipal employes un
der civil service; free employment
agencies under state control ; elimina
tion of rules of nationality In employ
ment; one dny's rest In seven; forc
ing corporation stock compnnles to
pny tax on gross receipts; two hours
off to vote; making issunnce of check
In payment of labor n mlsdemennor
when no funds 'aro available to pay
check ; old age and disability pensions.
The remainder of the suggestions
concern the safety nnd health of the
workers.
Petitions are being circulated nsl
lug tho legislature to pass measures
abolishing capital punishment. ' '
A fund of $7,008,001 will bo needed
to run the University of Nebraska
during tho next two years, according
to the budget compiled by Phil Bross,
secretnry of finance In Governor Me
Kelvle's code cabinet. Bross snys
$1,000,000 will be required for new
buildings. Present taxes would pro
vide $3,773,300 and other revenue $1,-
S71.000, leaving $1,304,304 to be pro
vided by higher taxation.
Members of the legislature who hnvo
been dropping Into town for the pur
pose of arranging to go Into winter
quarters aro frankly concerned over
the stnto of mind of their people m
the subject of tnxatlon. In most com
munities they have been obliged io
meet tho school teacher market in the
last year or two, and the effect upon
the tax bills has made conservative
people emjt wells of agony.
Enrollment r.t the state normal
school nt Kearney, which during (lie
last few years has steadily declined,
is on the Increase, according to tlm
eighth bleiinlnl report of George l
Martin, president, to the stnto bourd
of education and Governor MeKolvic
The establishment of- correspondemo
and study center courses have hem
especially populnr during the last two
months, the report shows.
Consolidation of the various homes
nnd Institutions for aged veterans of
wars and all ex-soldiers Into ono in
stitution was the principal suggestion
made by the committees of the Amer
ican Legion, G, A. It. and nil ex-service
organizations, who met with Gov
ernor McKelvio in u pre-leglslutl' o
conference. Aid nnd better cure for
disabled soldiers, a bill to legalle
boxing and some provision for vet
ernns of t lie late war, possibly in tlo
nature of long-time loans by the state,
were also discussed.
Final figures by the state bureau of
crop estimates show that Nebraska
total wheat crop In 1020 was 2.V5.521
000 bushels an average of 33.S bushel
per acre. This was the largest crop
In six years.
At a conference concerning leglsi -tlve
matters held with Governor M
Kelvle at the executive mansion, eliln
practors of the state dismissed ,i
change In tl chiropractic law. Tin
law as amended now requires tlm -
terms of nine months each. Sever, I
prominent members of the prol'osHio i
desire to have the law changed to
three years of six months each.
Attorney General Davis Is of tlm
opinion thnt the blue sky law, If re
tained, should be so modified thm
stock sales agents would have no li
cense from tho stnte, that the state
bureau should he given power to pin
sue u "follow up" policy and exercls--supervisory
power over companies 'li
censed to sell stock ; that the stule bu
reau ought to hnvo power to go Into
district court nnd ask for tho appoint
ment of n receiver for companies that
are mlHiiiiiuuged and there should be u
drastic criminal statute dealing with
directors of companies who mismanage
affairs
GREECE; NEW NATION OF
AN ANCIENT PEOPLE.
The question of succession to the
throne of King Alexander of Greece
turned world Interest once moro to
southeastern Europe. Tho changes
Greece hns undergone territorially and
tho part It has played In tho wars nnd
crises ot Its corner of the world, are
discussed In the following bulletin Is
sued by the National Geographic so
ciety: "WJiat Is Greece?
"In the light ot the past the answer
might well be tentative, for a defini
tion of Greece's nren nt any time dur
ing the thousands of yours of Its his
tory would have held good hardly for
n quarter century; and In latter years,
so swift have been tho clnulges In the
new Greece, each decade has seen the
fixing of new boundaries.
"Not until modern times except
during the momentary empire ot Alex
ander has 'Greece' mount n nation.
In the Grecian Golden Age, as well
ns before and since, Greece was a
house divided against Itself, its de
tailed' history would mean the history
of more thnn 150 separate states.
And yet there was lit all times 'some
feeling of Hellenic nationality even
though the rivalries among the va
rious groups stood In the way of fu
tlon into u slnglo nation. -
"While Great Britain mny be de
scribed as a land surrounded by'sons,
Greece mny be said to hi? 'a sea sur
rounded by land.' The Hellenes have
always been a sea-faring folk, and
the Mediterranean sen, and moro par
ticularly the Aegean hnVo been their
own particular 'herring ponds. Tho
Islands of the eastern Mediterranean
oecnme Greek territory In their en
tirety, and this wns true nlso f the
.slnnd-like Peloponnesus nnd some
other portions of the Greek peninsula.
But nn equally Important part ot
flreecc or better, of tho land of the
Hellenes were the settlements mndo
by its mariners on the shores of tho
ainlninnd that hem In the Mediter
ranean. These' settlements consti
tuted an unbroken fringe of Hellas
ilong the shores of Asia Minor," nnd
scattered communities on the shores
)f Italy, In Sicily, oven In northern'
Africa nnd what Is now southern
France. This was the loose 'Greece'
or. Hellas nt Its greatest a domain
)f one people but of many stntes.
"Greece gnvo the world Its first
league of Nations, the Dellnn league,
organized in -117 B; C. by way of mu
tual protection against the 'external
iggresslon' of Persia, which had a
jort of Berlln-to-Bngdad ambition of
Its own in those days. Athens was
Che only 'principal power' In 1 this
league, nnd was the recognized leader
f tho organization.
"Lnter came the hegemony of Ath
ens by force, the paradoxical empire
of n democracy, bereft even of the
trappings of monarchy. At this pe
riod and under what may be termed
:hc empires of Spartn and Thebes, a
Close approach to a Greek nation mny
do said to have existed ; hut in none
9f these eras were most of the terri
tories peopled by Greeks included, and
iven large parts of the Greek penin
sula Itself were governed by other
Hellenic states. For a brief period
under Alexander the Great, Greece
cached the status of a nation, hut It
vns a fusion forced by a virtual out
dder nnd contnlned much territory In
snbltcd by others thnn Greeks; and
in the dentil of the great mlUtnry
genius the Hellenes separated ngnln
Into numerous governmental units.
"Greece, expnmllng from tho city
tato, had comprised for a moment
almost the whole civilized world : hut
'.he great dilation wns followed by an
?qually great contraction. Greece fell
under the rising power of Home, and
became a mere province In the west
ern empire.
""The military ability and power of
the Greeks died under the Unman
yoke; but when the Eastern empire
ivns formed with Constantinople as Its
seat, Greek culture conquered where
Greek onus could not, and Byzantium
became in reality a great Greek state.
Once more the territory that, by eon
traction nt lenst. can he regarded as
Greece, spread outward until It held
ivlthln its boundaries much of south-
pastern Europe. It Is on reviving the
glory of this period In Oroelnn history
that Greek ambition, when It could
live nt nil. lias dwelt."
MONGOLIA: SHE SEEKS TO
THROW OFF YOKE
OF CHINA.
Mongolia, fighting along Its -eastern
bonier to throw off the yoke of China
oncfi more, Is one of the most Inter
esting countries In the world today
and nlso one of the most primitive,
according to n communication to the
National Geographic society, from
Ethan C. Lo Munyon.
"The inhabitants In mnny ways re
semblo our own North American In
dlnns," snys ho. "They hnvo n writ
ten language, are blindly devoted to
tho Buddhist religion, nnd are very
fanatical. Tho Inmas, or Buddhist
monks, nre the curse of Mongolia, and
nro parasites living on the religious
ircdullty of their lay brethren. Ev
ery third man In Mongolia Is n Inmn.
"The highlands of Mongolln vnry In
nltltudo from 8.000 to 0,500 feet.
There nre mnny mountain ranges, nnd
In very few places Is tho country
level for nny considerable distance.
Tho word Gobi moans a 'barren or
desolate plain.' Vcgotntlon Is absent
on tho Gqbl desert, with tho exception
ot n icw grasses, so uuu nrm i
dried camel dung) Is the only fuel
used. it Is collected nnd stored In
large quantities for use during tho
winter.
"Water Is senrce, a few wells along
tho caravan route furnishing the en
tire supply. During tho winter nnd
spring the camel Is the only animal
that can cross the desert nnd subsist
on drled-up grasses." At this season
of the year blocks of Ico arc curried
for water supply, and nt other son
soiu, two largo tubs nro carried on
each camel, used for this purpose, ono
tub on each side of the camel.
"The Mongol Is n great meat eat
er, living In tmitic eases entirely on
mutton. In comparing other foods,
he will ask If they are ns good as
mutton. It Is not uncommon for n
Mongol to consume ten pounds of this
meat nt ono setting. Ho puts mutton
fat In his ten, which Is prepared with
milk from the brick ten (poorest grade
pressed In bricks), nnd of this he
drinks enormous quantities; 30 cup-
fuls per day Is not nn uncommon.
amount for nn adult. There nre no
regular hours for eating; tho native
eitts when opportunity offers. Game
Is not common near Urgnrbut mnny
varieties are found In the mountain,
though hunting on Bogda 01
(Buddhn's Mountain) ,1s prohibited."
ANATOLIA AWAKE FROM
SLEEP OF AGES. I
Anatolia, which In Greek means a
Haiti-'. Is literally living up to its
name. Tho leaven which during the
past two or three years lias neon
working such drastic changes In coun
tries In Europe nnd Asln, recently
throw tills portion of Asia Minor In a
ferment.
Aniuolln. which lies between tlie
Binds and Mediterranean seas and
touches Armenia on the east and Syrln
on tho south, Is the homo of some
7.000,000 Turks.. Even, though wo
ednn Turks, those neonlo have
suffered nlmost ns much nt .tho hands
of their own gdvernlng officials ns
hnvo the subject Greeks nnd Arme
nians. The orlglnnl Turks In this nren nro
descendants of tribes which Ijnve
drifted In from Central Aslu, but Into
Anntolla's crucible have poured
streams from many sources Turani
ans, Persians, Armenians nnd Greeks,
wnrrlor tribes, nomnds and merchants.
many of whom hnvo lost their nnmes
and traditions. In fact, most of the
earth's nnlmnto cronturcn hnve at
some time passed over It. The molten
products of the centuries nre nomniis,
who often chnngo a .wandering life
Into one of agriculture, living In hous
es built of bricks of clay dried In the
sun.
The principal wealth of Anatolia
lies In Its agriculture. Portions of the
land are easily worked nnd fertile,
the tract from the Sen of Mnrmorn
to Troblzond being particularly rich.
Other parts nre rocky or nre Inter
spersed with salt tracts.
Due -to the ptuft'lty of a population
numbering scarcoly twenty-two per
sons to the square mile, and to th
fnct thnt tho Inhabitants nro imbued
deeply with tho fatalism and suave
imperturbability of Mohaninicdnnlsm,
which to tho American mind seems
about 00 per cent laziness, two-thirds
'of the tillable area Is covered with
sprigs and useless weeds.
When the natives bestir themselves
and raise the common grains, grapes
and olives, cotton, tobacco and
poppy seeds which the land Is cnpnble
of producing, there are not yet sulll
clout transportation facilities to take
care of the harvests. The Germnns
saw the possibilities of these regions
nut), were planning, when they shipped
rnllrond ties, steam tractors and ngrl
cultural machinery Into the country,
practical steps toward the realization
of their dream. Now travelers from
the Near East tell us that "soon tho
locomotive, the motor truck, and tho
itlrplune will open up Anntolln In n
new wny, binding It to the world
commercially, politically, and geo
graphically, as the historic bridge
land between East nnd West."
SAN MARINO IS LIVING
PROOF THAT PEACE
ENDURES. '
Founded by a man whose pnrtlng
prayer was that It never should in
crease Its territory by violence. San
Marino emerges upon the map of the
new Europe, from which empires are
dlsappeaiitig and new nut Ions are out
lined. With Germany crippled nnd
laid low by an exactly opposite am
bition, San Marino remains as mi en
during monument to her Ideal.
This tiny nation, "our littlest ally.'
Is described by Alice Robe in u com
miuiicntlon to the National Geograph
ic society, as follows:
"The position of Sun Mhrlno, 13
miles from Ulmlnl, Is singular. This
little republic, whoso greatest length
Is nine miles, Is completely surround
ed by Italy, who respects Its auton
omy, ns have rulers of the ptist with
a few fleeting exceptions, since the
pious Dalmatian stonecutter left the
mountain to his followers, "free from
every other man."
"Thnt this llttlo republic, which to
day hns 11,000 Inhabitants anil nn
area of 38 square miles, has main
tnlned its Independence, Its Ideal of
liberty, in tho midst of strlfo and
bloodshed, of changing social coudl
tlons, for sixteen centuries, ndds dig
nlty to the unwavering belief of tho
trusting ones In the nevcrcnslng pro
tection of the saintly foupder.
"In tho life of the" ropubllc'todny tho
Influence of the Dalmatian saint Is
strongly reflected. For a country to
maintain tho characteristics of Its
primitive founder. ift.u social phenom
enon of which . possibly San Mnrlno
atone cmt bonsL ..
"During tho days of' Christian per
secutions, In tho.mlddld of tho Fourth
century, Mnrlno and 'Leo, two stone
cutters of Arbc, Dnfmntla, crossed
tho Adriatic and canto to Ulmlnl.
Their reason, says tradition, wns to
aid Christians, condemned by pngnh
rulers, to reconstruct the walls of that
city.
"Tho wnlls of Ulmlnl 'having been
finished, Leo nnd Mnrlno looked long
ingly upon the stilltude of the two
mountains. As the hermits of the
Thehald, who flourished nt this snme
period, they sought pence and solitude
In those Impenetrable heights. Hew
ing a bed from the rock nnd cultivat
ing a little garden, 'Mnrlno found all
his mntcrlal wants - supplied. This
rough bed nnd site of the gnrden are
pointed out . today by reverent pens
tints. A few slaves followed their
former ovorsvers In order to practice,
undisturbed, their Chrlstlnn fnlth.
"Marino's deslro wns to found n
free society, based ipon liberty, Jus
tice, simplicity, ,churlty, virtue, and.
nbove all, of love of peace. When the
good liinn came to dlo he called hli
followers about him nnd bequeathed
to them his mountain, 'free from every
other man.' Ills parting prayer wns
that they never seek enlargement of
territory by ' violent . means. War,
though a painful necessity for those
acting In seir-defense, was an un
I'lirdonnblo crime In those who caused
It. Begging his followers to remain
true to the fulth and to live in perfect
accord, freemen nil, he passed away,
llttlo drontnlngthnt lu tho Twentieth
century His little community woum
stand, a monument to his peaceful
teachings nnd slmplo form of govern
ment, In the midst of a war-torn
world."
MADE FAMOUS BY NOAH;
WANTED U. S. TO MAKE
IT FREE.
One of the states which asked tho
United States to bo Its mandatory Is
Nakhlcbovan.
If you have not heard of Nakhich
evan, first consult Genesis1 8:4, for
tho district In question lies nt the
foot of ML Ararat, nnd the town of
Nakhichevan contains the alleged
graveynrd of Noah. The builder of
the Ark, local tradition ntllrms, went
down Into the Innd that sought tho
wing of tho United Stntes. , There he
Is snld to have died of thirst In the
nnrched plain after his ark had brok
en up on the snowy peak" ot the
world's most famous mountain.
The NnkhlchovnU district, Inhabited
by Tnrtars, is bounded on the north
by tho Armenian district of Erlvan.
Along the south flows ths Arnx river,
which Is tho subject of many nn Ar
menian song and which here forms tho
boundary between Aslntlc Russln'und
Persia. In tho hills' to the northeast
is Shusha, a stronfc Armenian center,
whero tho Armenians held out against
n circle of foes In the summer' of 1018.
. When Uussln'B power In tho Caucasus
declined 'nnd the soldnts flowed back
from the former Russian fronfln Tur
key through the Nakhichevan district,
tho traditional haired between the Ar
menlaii8 of tho ErlVnn district and
tho Mohannnednn Tnrfnrs broke out.
Tills closed the Carriage road to
Tabriz and later closed" the, railway.
At great risk several members of tin.4
American Committee, for Armenian
nnd Syrian Relief, with headquarters
at Erlvan, went to Tabriz nnd brought
back several million roubles In a train
that wns so crowded,' with retreating
Russian soldnts that ono of the com
mittee members, upholstered with
hundreds of thousands of roubles, wns
forced to sleep on tho roof of the car
In i temperature near zero. Within a
week tho railway service was stopped
by Armenian-Tartar fighting.
Tho uprising of the Nakhichevan
Tartars was 111 timed. German propa
gandists had placarded tho district
with posters exhorting these Tnrtars,
who are related, to the Turks and are
of the same religion, to nrlso against
the Armenians, whom tho retreating
Russians hnd left to their own de
vices. Tills they did. But tho Ar
menians had spent the winter In rais
ing an army to tnko over the- former
Uusslan front nnd about 25,000 of
these volunteers were assembled In
Erlvan.
When the writer crossed tho Igdlr
plain, where Armenlnns nro starving
today, these much persecuted people
were having their Inning and tlm
smoke from n score of burning Tar
tar villages could be seen. Tartars
with arms were allowed to live If
they surrendered their guns, and
women and children were not touched,
but their villages were looted nnd
burned by the Armenians. This wns
In March, 1010. All tho Tartars re-'
treated to the Nakhichevan district
where they formed 'n mnjorlty of the
population. Tliero they have re
mained. Hatred between them and
the Armenians Is strong.
The whole problem Is made dllllcult
by the diversity of tho population. In
the mountain villages tho Kurds are
most numerous. A strong hand will
bo necessary to control these several
tribes. The Kurds have been forced
to lin butchers by the Turks, who gave
them guns as their only toobi, and
who kept agriculture" and education
from them. Their condition wns ns
bad for a tlnlo ns that of tho Arme
nians, and along the Turko-Russlnn
boundary scores of Kurds were to be
seen with only one garment and bare
foot ut nn altitude of seven thousand
feet. In March.