NORTH PLATTE SEMI-WEETCLY TMIUJNF.
GRAIN GRADING
AND MARKETING
Columbia University Added to
Number of College? Giving
Course of Instruction.
'OTHER INSTITUTIONS AIDING
United States Department of Agricul
ture Is Preparlnjj Sets of Trays
Illustrating Various Grad
Ing Factors.
Columbia university litis recently
I)cen ndded to the number of colleges
xlvlng Instruction in grain grading nnd
marketing. The United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, charged with the
administration of the grain standards
net, Is keenly Interested In huvlng such
instruction made a part of college cur
ricula, particularly of agricultural col
leges, and today there are 20 colleges
where students study grain handling.
Columbia University Helping.
At New York city the local federal
grain supervision ofllce Is giving active
assistance to Columbia university In
outlining and presenting the grain
grading course to bo given, and sim
ilar help Is being accorded other col
leges by federal grain supervision offi
cials located In 33 districts throughout
the United Stales. The department Is
nlso preparing sets of eight type trays
Illustrating the various grading factors
of shelled com, wheat, and oats, to be'
lent to colleges teaching grain grading
under federal standards.
Last fall a conference of teachers
of farm crops In a number of agricul
tural colleges with federal grain su
pervision ofllclals was held at Chicago,
where the entire grain situation was
discussed with a view of equipping the
Instructors with Information that would
enable them to formulate courses of
study In grain grading nnd market
ing. Every phase of the grain trndo
was covered and a report- of the con
ference prepared for distribution
among the various colleges Interested.
Grading Demonstrations. ,
Grain grading demonstrations cover
ing a period of from one to twelve
days have been given by United States
Department of Agriculture experts be
fore students of agricultural colleges
In 17 states. The department Is pre
pared to assist colleges in every pos?
slblo way In furnishing them with au
thoritative Information regarding the
objects of the grain standards act and
the practical application of its pro
visions.
SNOWPLOW IS COLLAPSIBLE
Simple and Inexpensive Contraption
May Be Folded Up and Carried
From Place to Place.
Tho Scientific American, In lllus
tratlng and describing a snowplow, the
invention of V. V. Mnson of Bridge
port, Conn., says:
The object of the Invention Is to
provide n simple. Inexpensive and col
Jupsible plow, which when folded may
be easily carried from place to pluce,
The Device Folded, and Open for Use.
A further object is to provide a plow
of the manual type, so constructed and
counterbalanced that Its pushing nnd
pulling steering handle, relatively fill
crumed, exerts a varying downward
pressure according to the depth and
resistance of the snow. The plow can
be adjusted to clonr a path from 28
to 30 inches In width.
AUSTRALIAN WHEAT IS GOOD
Laraer Yield Obtained on Pacific
Coast Than Some of Native
Commercial Varieties.
Tests mnde by the United Stntes
Department of Agriculture with 130
lots of Australian wheats recently in--troduced
Into this country have
iirniifiit r.ur tlir( varieties ndnnted
wvun.. ... - - .
for growing on the Pacific coast, where
they hnve produced larger yields tnan
tlm nntlve commercial va
rieties. Tliey are known ns Federa
tion, Ilnrd Federation nnu wnite ied
jirotinn Tho Australian vnrletlcs In
jnnernl uro suscentlble to most cereal
diseases, but many of these are not
destructive In the Pacific coast region.
ERADICATION OF COCKLEBUR
Plant Is Double. Barreled Gun Affair,
Carrying Two Seed6 Circular Tells
How to Kill It.
In eradicating tile cocklebur, remem
her that It carries n double-barreled
gun. Every bur carries two seeds,
only one of which sprouts the first
year. Even when the product of that
seed has been killed tho other will be
In shape to pinko trouble the next
season. Tin? United States Depart
inent of Agriculture has a circular on
the cocklebur how to get rid of It.
WOOD CUTTING GOOD
JOB DURING WINTER
Work Does Not Interfere With
Regular Field Crops.
Logs Cut In Cold Weather Season Are
Not Subject to Rapid Drying
Farmers May Profitably Turn
to Some Sawmllllng.
Farmers, as a rule, have too much
to do at certain times of tho year and
not enough at others. Many farms
are unprofitable becauso their owners
linvo little or nothing planned for win
ter. Wood-cutting can be done at any
time, but cool weather favors tho rato
of production, and in the winter the
work does not conflict with, that on
regular field crops. If cut In winter
logs are not subject to rapid drying,
Cutting Wood for Fuel by Use of Gas-
ollno Engine.
nor to checking at' the ends of (the
logs, which often occurs in summer-
cut logs and apparently reduces their"
sale value.
Because of Injury resulting from tho
southern pine bark beetle In the hot
season, It Is practically necessary to
cut pine in the fall and winter months.
Damage nnd loss In summer often
come from wood-rotting fungi, Includ
ing tho "bluing" an'd other staining of
wood. For these reasons a good many
farmers turn profitably to logging nnd
sawmllllng for a few fall or winter
months each year. Nearly every kind
of wood product enn be satisfactorily
handled In winter, according to the for
est service of the United States De
partment of Agriculture.
MALE BIRD MARKINGS
1. He should possess the char
acteristics and markings of the
breed and variety of which ho
Is a member.
2. Strong vitality.
3. Active movement.
4. Good health as Jndlcut,cd
by ruddy combs and wattles.
(It Is not advisable to use a
bird for breeding which has ever
had a disease even if there are
no .Indications of It at present.)
5. No marks of effeminacy.
Crow should be strong and
clear.
0. Remember the foundation
ot success In the breeding of
poultry Is the correct mntlngs
of the breeding pens. B. W.
Fairbanks of the Colorado Agri
cultural College.
FERTILITY IN TON OF STRAW
It Has Ability to Increase Crop Just as
Much as Manure, Although It Is
Slower to Act
A ton Jf straw contains as much
fertility as a ton of mnnure, and al
though the fertility does not become
available quite so quickly, It neverthe
less has the ability In tho long run to
Increase crops Just as much as ma
nure. Of course the Idenl way to use
straw Is Jto use It as bedding for ani
mals and then spread It on tho land
mixed with manure. Where this Is
impractical the strnw should by all
means bo spread on tho land at the
rate of around one and a half tons
per ncro and plowed under.
CHICKENS NEED GREEN FEED
Fowls Must Be Provided With Some
thing to Take Place of Grass
Obtained in Summer.
To take the place of green grnss ob-
tnlned by the fowls In summer the
flock must bo provided with green food
In some form. Mungels and sprouted
oats are very good. Alfalfa and clover
meal are high In protein content nnd
moke good additions to nn egg-producing
ration. Cabbage nnd carrots
are also good green foods. E. J. Pe
terson, North Dakota Agricultural Col-
lege.
WILD ANIMALS SEEK SAFETY
Find Protection In Game Sanctuaries
at the Beginning of Every Open
Hunting Season.
Wild animals know where they can
And protection, says a United States
Department of Agriculture circular on
the fur Industry. In places where
there are game sanctuaries, wild crea
tures hnstili to them at tho beginning
of every open hunting seuson.
mm
GOOD OF BULL ASSOCIATIONS
Experience Shows That Organizations
Are Adapted to Every Kind of
Dairy Community.
Are you one of thpso who think a
bull association cannot bo formed In
u 'community like yours? asks tho
United States Department of Agricul
ture. If so, probably you are mis
taken, for experience shows that tho
bull associations are adaptable to
Purebred Sires Should Be Used in
Grading Up Herds.
nenrly every kind of dairy community
that can bo found. Tho nnnunl report
of tho dairy division shows thnt there
are now about 120 bull associations In
30 different states of the Union, and
among nil classes of communities.
The extension men of the dairy di
vision llnd that In very many cases,
when the Idea of a hull association Is
discussed, people think that, while
such nn organization Is clearly a good
thing on general principles, the con
ditions In their pnrtlculnr community
nre not suitable. Many times, In such
plncos, It has been tried, and to the
surprise of some It has been found
that the conditions did not stand In
the wny nt all. There nre ninny such
communities. They hnve men en
gaged In dnlrylng; they have scrub or
other Inferior bulls which should be
replaced; nnd they have the need for
better bulls.
Any community In which there are
200 or more cows can better afford
to have n bull association than It can
nfford to be without one; nnd If the
people of the community nre neighbor
ly and able to work together In cvery-
day business affairs, they can Just as
well have a strong association Avlth
till Its benefits. ,
CARE FOR BREEDING CATTLE
Have Both Cows and Herd Bull In
Good Physical Condition to Insure
Uniform Calf Crop.
If It Is desired to have calves
dropped In the fall or early winter
months, November the cows should
be bred In February nnd March. One
way to Insure a uniform calf crop Is
to have both the breeding cows and
herd bull In good physical condition
nt this time. A herd bull that lias
been left with tho wintering herd to
shift for himself Is, as a rule, in poor
condition when the breeding senson
arrives, and the chances nre that he
will not be n sure, vigorous sire.
The ration for the herd bull should
consist of u liberal amount of rough
ages, such as corn silage, legume hay,
stover, or straw, and In most In
stances, unless In jjood condition, a
small allowance of grain. Tlie breed
ing cows should be healthy and vigor
ous nt time of calving, otherwise they
fihould receive In ndilitlon to n lib
eral supply of sllnge, legume hny, or
other roughage, nnd u small amount of
grain, In order thnt they may give suf
ficient milk to nourish the calves prop
erly and nt the same time maintain
their own condition.
COLOR PREFERRED IN BUTTER
That Which Is Not Too Pale Is Gen
erally Favored-rQuality Not
Always Affected.
The color of good butter should bo
clear and even throughout. Although
the shade of the color does not nlwnys
affect the quality of the butter, pref
erence Is generally given to that which
Is not too pale In color. When tho
cream Is churned at too high a tern
perature, the butter comes quickly,
but loses much of Its naturnl color.
Churning at too low a temperature,
and consequently for too long a time,
also destroys the color of tho butter
produced. Color In butter Is often
moiled through nverwnshlng or ovor
working it. Butter is of a pnler color
from sweet cream than from ripened,
ns In the former ense there Is more
buttermilk In tho finished product.
FOR CLEANING MILK BOTTLES
Cold or Lukewsrm Water Prevonts
Hardening and Sticking of Ainu
men and Casein.
When milk bottles are allowed to
stand, the casein linrdens on them nnd
It Is almost ns difficult to remove n
when It Is burned on by the use of hot
water. If It Is necessary to let your
milk bottles stand for any length of
time. It Is best to pour cold, or lukc
wnrm water Into them, which will pre
vent the hardening nnd sticking of tho
albumen and casein. Then, when It he
comes time to wash Ihein. lukewiirni
water can be used followed by hot
water, boiling water or live steam
By this method, the bottles will be
clean, nnd all bacteria will be killed
by the hot water.
Improved Roads
PERMANENT ROADS ARE BEST
Although Apparently Expensive at
First, They Ad"d Greatly to Valuo
of Farm Lands.
When one Is figuring tho cost of Im
proving tho public roads consideration
should bo given to tho Increased vulue
of the lands located In the section
, where tho roads have been permanent
ly Improved,
In every case where roads have been
put In a permanently good condition,
the vjtlud of tho farms has Increased
to a point that the Increased valuo
would hioro than pay the cost of tho
improvement. Permanent roads do
seem high-priced In the beginning but
An improved
Road Near
City.
New York
one should figure that there will bo
small future outlay, for upkeep.
The dirt road has u bad reputation
every place It Is found and even Im
proving does not mnko It a permanent
road for it Is continually needing
work. It Is a never-ending Job to keep
a dirt road In even passable condition.
It is like doing the chores on the farm,
they must bo gone over again nnd
again and still remain to be looked
after. The properly graded road, of
course, Is better than ouo poorly made.
but at Its 'best It Is a continual worry
and expense. Where very steep hills
are on the roadway, ditches should bo
un oft along the side to carry tho wa
ter Into the side ditch and not allow It
to run down to, the bottom, carrying
the soil with it and muking n pool
where ltstops.
Much of the movement now for im
proved ronds Is for permanent rqitds.
nd. us stated above, these permanent
roads although quite expensive at ijrst,
add much to tho value of the lauds and
to the reputation of tho farming dls'
trlcts. It bus been much easier to
populate n new furmlng section when
It Is known that permanent ronds nre
coming soon or are already Installed.
A farm always sells better when the
buyer can npproach It on a substantial
roadway. Those who are advocating
good roads nnd permanent roads may
not all llvo to see their ambitions sat
isfied, but they are starting a move
limit that will carry on to the coming
generations nnd will bo a blessing for
those who llvo nfter the present Im
proved road agitation.
SUPERIOR SYSTEM OF ROADS
In Every Section of Country Work Is
Progressing Favorably on Many
Projects.
The time Is rapidly passing when
the bnd roads of America can hn point-
ed out ns a reproach. In every sec
tion of the country work IS In progress
to glvo the United States u system of
roads which will compare favorably
with those of other countries. Bonds
nre being built at 2,08T different points.
Fully .10,000 miles of road hnve been
approved by tho secretary of agricul
ture. It Is estimated that this con
struction will cost the country nearly
$400,000,000. At the end of June, 1020,
the government reported thnt 2,110 dif
ferent projects or n total of 10,000
miles of roads had been completed.
Boys' Life.
ACCESSIBILITY TO MARKETS
Farm on Paved Road Is Nearer to the
City Than One Located on
Impassable Highway.
The type of road over which a farm
er must hnul his crops determines his
'accessibility to markets. A farm many
miles from the city, but If located on n
paved road, Is nenrer to market than
a farm sepnrated from It by only n
mile of Impassable road. That Is
why tho various reports of the United
Stntes weather burenu lusued dally by
the local stato ofllcos of the bureau, de
vote frequently their entire report to
the subject of ronds a strange place
you'll say to find nn editorial promot
ing permanent highways, hut It Is there
from time to time, nevertheless.
Streets of Glass.
In Geneva glass blocks nre used to
pave the streets. They nre made from
tho refuRo from tho glass factories.
They nre pleasant to the eyo and very
durable.
Watch Breeding Flock.
Watch the breeding flock carefully
nnd see that the fowls keep in good
breeding condition.
Phosphate Improves.
Phosphate Is the salt of the soil '
s Uttlo makes a great Improvement
FENCES USED FOR CHICKENS
Cost of Equipment, Labor and Main
tenance Is Increased Where
Yards Are Divided.
Fences dividing the land used for
poultry Into yards Increase tho cost of
equipment, labor mid maintenance.
There should bo ns few fences as pos
sible, n s hind can be cultivated and
kept sweet more easily If not fenced.
The value, too, of fresh, sweet land
for poultry can hardly bo overestimat
ed. A grass sward can be maintained
on good soil by allowing 200 to 2.T0
square feet of land per bird (217 or
174 birds to the ncro), while more
space Is necessary on poor or light
land. A Inrger number of fowls are
usually kept to the acre whore double
yards are used, and the land Is fre
quently cultivated.
Plymouth Hooks and the heavy meal
birds In small yards require fences live
to six feet high, while n fence six to
seven feet high necessary for Leg
horns, say poultry specialists of the
t nlted Stntes Department of Agricul
ture. The upper two feet of the fence
"or the hitter may he Inclined Inward
at an angle of 30 degrees, or a strand
or two of barbed wire may be used on
top of the regular wire to help keep
ihein routined, while It Is sometimes
necessary to ,cllp tho flight feathers of
one wing of those birds thnt persist In
getting out, It Is not advisable to use
a board or strip along the top of the
fence, ns hens will often fly over one
so constructed.
Posts may bo set or driven Into the
ground. They should be set eight to
ten feet apart for.coiniu.on poultry net
ting, or 10 to 20 feet for woven wire.
Comer posts should be about eight
Inches In diameter and be set four feet
In tho ground, while Intervening posts
may be four or five Indies In diameter
niul snt throe feet In the frrnlinil ,"
vs.
I !18llliiiitem ! nw v
-MtfftuHKf '
'-SSKT
1
Difficult to Keep Yards Clean Wnere
Fences Are Used.
lighter posts driven Into tho ground
may be used for temporary fences.
That part of the post set In tho ground
mny be charred or treated with some
wood preservative to advantnge, while
corner post should bu firmly braced
or set In cement.
NO CURE FOR FOWL CHOLERA
Afflicted Birds Should Be Killed by
Dislocating Necks and Car
casses Burned.
Poultry experts at Iowa Stato col
lege nre warning poultry keepers
against fowl cholera which Is n very
contagious disease of hens often prov
ing fatal without any previous Indica
tions of trouble. Indications Includo
n slow movement or tue animal, a
tendency to crouch and rulilo the
feathers, nnd yellow or bright green
stools. Examination of the dead bird
shows u congestion of tho blood ves
sels In the liver, kidneys and Intes
tines.
It Is useless to treat sick birds. All
thut show symptoms should bo killed
by dislocating their necks. Hum tho
body with oil nnd bury nt least three
feet deep all dead birds and nil ex
creta. Pluce one 7.8 grain bichloride
of mercury tablet In a gallon of drink
ing water In n nonmetiil contnlner or
use a 30-gnllon sodium sulphocnrholato
tablet in every gallon of drinking
water.
FROST COLLECTED ON WALLS
it
Shows That There Is Not Suffi
cient Ventilation to Carry
Off Moisture.
If frost collects on the walls of tho
henhouse, It shows that tho wnlls are
too thin or that there Is not suillclent
ventilation to carry off the moisture
from the birds' breath, or that thero
aro so many birds in tho house that
rensonnble ventilation will not take
care of this moisture.
PREFER TO REMAIN OUTDOORS
There Is Nothing to Worry About If
Turkeys, Geec and Ducks
Prefer Open Air.
Don't worry If turkeys, ducks and
geese prefer to stay outdoors until
snow comes, for they aro often
healthier If allowed to live In the
open ns nature Intended they should.
Tho greatest danger Is from thieves
and prowling unimuls.
ft young man who practiced medietas
in a rural district becamo famous and
wna called in consultation in many
towns and cities becatuo of his buc
cobs in the treatment of disease This
was Dr. Piorco who aftorward moved
to Buffalo. N. Y. Ho mado up hla
mind to placo eomo of hla medicines
beforo the public, and ho put up
what ho called hla "Favorite Pro
ecripUon." and placed it with tho
druggists in ovory stato in tho Union.
For fifty year 8 Dr. Pierce's Favorlto
Prescription has sold moro largely
throughout tho United States than
nny other modicino of lilco character.
It's tho testimony of thousands of
women that it has benefited or on
tlroly eradicated such distressing ail
ments as women aro prono to. it is
now sold by druggist In tablot form
ns well as liquid.
Auiiora. NEim. "Mv mother was
always a great bcllovor In Dr. Pierce's
tnodiclnfcs and when I was n girl she gavo
me 'Favorlto Proscription' when I was
In a run-down, norvoua condition and It
soon built mo up In health and strength.
cavonio tToscnpiion is a spienuia
tonlo for girls or women who suffer."--Mas.
Wxl-kh Guxni). 008 Tenth Street
Mrs, Hicks Relieved
By Four Eatonics
'I have taken four Eatonlc tablets
nnd they relieved me of sour stomach.
I recommend It to everybody," says
Mrs. Q. P. Hicks.
If stomach Is not digesting your
food; if you have sourness, bloating,
food repenting, indigestion or aclu
stomach, Eatonlc will removo the
cause by taking up and carrying out
the acidity and gases, bringing quick
relief nnd healthy digestion. Why suf
fer stomach trouble? "Why not keep
your digestion normal nnd enjoy good
health? An Eatonlc taken after each
meal will prevent discomfort and pain.
Mnko tho test today and see how
quickly this wonderful remedy acts.
It comes In handy tablet form. Girry
It with you. A big box costs only a
trifle with your druggist's guarantee.
Wition K. OoluBinn,
lliam Liwjer.WMblDjum.
1). O. Advleoand book. Iron.
UatMreatonablo. llUhttl reference. UeaiMrrlOM.
Irritating Coughs
Promptly treat couchi. coldi. hoarseneu.
bronchitis and ilmllar Inflamed and Irritated
condition! of the throat with a tested remedy
Pi SO S
Effective Compromise.
Heck You say you never have any
domestic squabbles; how do you
avoid them?
Peck Well you see, Immediately
nfter we wero murrled my wife nnd I
enmo to nn understanding. Shu said:
"Now, Henry, we must neither of us he
aclllsli and always try to run things.
Wc must make mutual concession. I
proposo that when we agree on nny
matter you are to havo your wuy, and
when we dlsagreo I am to hnve my
way. Then we shnll got along nicely."
And wo have. Hoston Transcript.
Freshen a Heavy Skin
With the antiseptic, fascinating CutU
cura Talcum Powder, an exquisitely
scented convenient, economical face,
skin, baby and dusting powder nnd
perfume. Itenders other perfumes su
perfluous. One of the Cutlcurn toilet
Trio (Spap, Ointment, Talcum). Adv.
Odd Result.
They say poetry don't go now."
"Thnt's queer, considering It Is made
up f feet."
Tho fool mnn and the wlso trout nn?
slow In catching on.
iNATiONALSHOEj
