TITE NORTIT PLATTE SEMI-WEEKLY TRTBUNT3.
Armenian Troops Bound for the Battle Front
"The kings of the earliest dynasties
reared no pyramids. Their tombs
were great structures tnnlnly under
ground. These huge homes of tho
dead were filled with all sorts of ob
jects thought necessary or useful for
the deceased king In the underworld.
"Around a monarch were burled bin
slnves, who were doubtless slain at
his grave that they might accompany
nnd serve him In tho afterlife. The
chambers of his tomb were stored with
stacks of great vases of wine nnd corn,
Toaarafeapy
'CSofKty, Wuhington, D.)c., M lUfpHy
rniif of Intwor Athnnu oi JEttfttlimy M
LINE OF FRIENDSHIP MAY
MARK TRADE ROUTE
Hearings in it dozen cities or l(ti
countries by tho United Stutos and
Canadian Joint commlhsion to eonsloei
connecting tho .St. Lawrence river and
the Great Lakes liy a canal system
nwnkonod a tiv.w Interest In the. nearly
1,000 mllos of border tliat separates
this country from Its neighbor to the
north.
The boundary between the two great
English-speaking countnos of America,
Riving them Joint ownership of Home
of tho greatest lukos In the world, as
woll as n river of prime Importance,
holds possibilities for development
overlooked by many of the citizen
stockholders on hold sides of the line.
Tho single scheme now under discus
sion for tho construction of canals to
handle ocean-going ships foreshadows
a work that would rival In magnitude
and Importance even the epoch-making
engineering feats at Panama. Willi
huge canals connecting tho waters of
the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence,
ships capable of negotiating any
weather could sail with the ore, coal
and grain ' of tho western United
States and Canada, directly to any
port of the Seven sens.
Discussion by the two countries of
the feasibility of engaging Jointly
In the development of their border
waters Is In contrast with some of (lie
stormy Incidents In which the boun
dary has figured. Known In recent
years as "the border without forts,"
and come at last to be regarded as a
line of amity and friendship, It Is per
haps not generally realized now that
until the cumulative efforts of years
resulted not long ago In the settlement
of sonic long-standing disputes, the
United States-Canadian boundary was
tho source of almost continual misun
derstanding. Many times thero wero
unplcnsnnt Incidents, twice the coun
tries were on the verge of war, and for
well over n hundred years nfter the
close of the Hovolutlonnry war diplo
mats, commissioners, and even neutral
kings and emperors nctlng aH arbitra
tors were kept busy trying to straight
en out tho ninny snnrls Into which n
border line can become tangled.
Much of the trouble In regard to the
boundary resulted from Ignornnce of
the geography of tho country on the
part of tho enrly negotiators. Tho
St. Croix river which the earliest
trenty stated should form the eastern
line of Maine at the very stnrtlng point
of the International boundnry was not
satisfactorily Identified at first, and
this cnused friction for some years.
A second geographical error the as
sumption that the Lake of the Woods
drained Into Lake Superior Is respon
sible for the rather Indefinite boun
dary of small lakes nnd brooks be
tween tho two Inrgo lakes, The be-'
lief that tho Mississippi river had Its
sourco In Canada, and Held notes In
accordance with that belief, brought
about tho existence of n tract of land
of a hundred square miles, cut off on
a peninsula on the northern shore of
tho Lako of tho Woods, practically sur
rounded by Canadian territory nnd
many miles ncross the wnter from oth
er Innd of tho United Htntes.
In connection with still nnotber
United States-Canadian boundary
that between southern Alaska and
Itrltish Columbia a mistaken Impres
sion of early Russian traders has giv
en the United States a boundary run
ning helter-skelter over foothills nnd
ridges when It was believed to follow
a niountnln watershed, a logical geo
graphical boundary,
KIPLING SETTING NOW
NEWS BACKGROUND
The Slinln Hills of Kipling fame and
the Interesting I'uujab country again
were brought to public attention this
year by reports of riots among nations
who had been aroused by the rumored
destruction of the golden temple ot
Amrltsar, a principal city of this pro
vince,
I'unjnb Is n I'crslan word meaning
"flvo waters," and refers to an area
In India, about the slr.e of Oregon, be
tween tho Jhelnm nnd the Sutlel,
drained by three Intermediate streams,
These rivers empty Into the Indus,
which forms tho western boundary of
the state.
Situated at tho northwest gateway
of India, the I'unjnb has for ages been
tho Belgium of most of tho military
expeditions from tne west ami tuc trail
of many migrations, For this reason
, Its peoples Mohnmmedans, Slkbs,
Hindu .Tats, Kashmiris and Itajputs,
all belonging to the tall, fair Indo
Arynn stock tire not so sluggish In
temperament' nnd ways of living as
those In other parts of the country,
and ninny of thorn manifest a martial
spirit upon small provocation. Kng
land counted them nmong her most
valued soldiers on (ho western front.
The vast plain of tho Punjab Is
about one thousand feet nbovo son
level and on the north runs Into the
"Abode of Snow," the Illmalnya moun
tains. At tho southwestern end of
the watershed stands Simla, and from
It the mountains drop rapidly to tho
foothills and then to the plain. .Tnkko,
.Iah.Ijim m1h1 lilll rf 11 111 III 19 U UtAI.
los, Is Immediately within view, tow
ering a thousand feet above Simla.
Here In this town, 7,000 feet above
the level of tho sen, In early April,
when the hunt of the great Punjab
plain roaches 120 degrees, most of the
Kiiropesiis In India gather and around
the summer home of the viceroy of
India the social life revolves. Within
a 2.Vmlle radius from Simla Is the
Cher, upon whose peak, 12,000 feet
high, a snow cup Is worn until well
Into May. Further to the west the
higher peaks range from 10,000 to
22,000 feet.
A MAGIC ISLAND OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN
Amid the trials of coal scarcity,
If. Cof L. atd politics, It may be
restful to read of a place where breez
es blow cool, but seldom too hot or
too cold, and the scenery Is magic;
where people are pwncnblc and hon
est, and there are no profiteers; where
tho women are protty, charming and
easily entertained, and life moves
along with u' song I
, There Is such a spot. Ten hours
out from continental Spain on u fairly
fast and quilt; comfortable steamer
Jles a little archipelago the Haloitiie
islands, whose largest Island, called
Mallorca, or Majorca. Is perhaps the
most enchanting corner, one of the
most Interesting and pleasing, as well
as one of the most forgotten Islands
of the Mediterranean. The following
account of ILs at t ructions ly summa
rized from the description of an eye
witness, Col. Ernesto do March y lie
tiarcla-Mcsa, Spanish army.
A great painter and writer called.
It the 'island of calm' for there ev
eryono moves, rests, talks, walks and
conducts his courtships as If the day
had -18 bourn, the mile about 10.000
feet, aiid the spun of human life 700
years; so little haste do they make In
living and enjoying life. One Mai-
lonjuln of noble family Is said to have
waited -Ifi years in determining to lead
his sweetheart to the altar, with no
protest from her, and without having
been slain In exasperation by his moth-er-ln-law.
Last summer during the 'latter part
of July .when the thermometer In
Washington and New York stood
around 00 degrees In the shnde, and
In Madrid ran to blood heat, the
breezoH fanned these Island folk to
tho tune of 70 degrees.
Nor Is this wonderful Island an Im
practical place to spend a few months.
There arc about 1-0 miles of railroads
on tho Island, and a system of local
roads which permit of u traveler's vis
iting many of the chief points of In
terest with ease and comfort.
These people who take life so lelf-
uroly are not lazy, shiftless or un
pleasant in personal appearance or
manner. They are Intelligent, honest,
callable of work, sober and economi
cal. These characteristics prosvrvod
throughout centuries of uninterrupted
peace and tranquillity have made them
penceable, trusting, and .homelovlng.
Tho men are of medium height, strong,
and agile. They have competed bril
liantly In many of the championship
sporting events held In Spain, and
wherever tltey have gone on the con
tinent their undertakings hnve been
marked wltb'success. And as for the
women, Colonel March, In writing of
them, says: "They possess tho same
lovely skin as the women of North
America, features as If sculptured by
Phidias or Praxiteles, and they vvnllc
like goddesses." Hut be, laments In
tho next breath that they know noth
ing of the "Joy of living," due par
tially to ancestral Arabic Influences.
and to the fact that their Island has.
for so long, been under strict repres
sion, lie calls Mallorca "the loveliest
cage on the planet, Us wonderful, In
telligent and gracious women being
extremely bored."
And an all-Important feature the
cost of living Is low In Mallorca. Who
would not be astonished to know that
he could become n member of the
"Hoyal Club of Uegattns," fully and
comfortably equipped, for nbont 20
cents a month In dues? Though prices
rose here an elsewhere during the war,
the Spanish colonel says that It Is the
"spot of all Europe and America,
where one could have lived tlo most
reasonably during these past live
years."
EGYPT: A DIAMOND MINE
OF HISTORY
Egypt annually supplies the world
with n previous product, an Increasing
knowledge of the early life story of
the human race. In tho wonderful
record of exploration which has re
stored to us the civilization of the
great pro-classical nations, there Is no
more remarkable chapter than that
which tells of the resurrection of an
dent ICgypt. A communication, to the
National Geographic society by James
lhtlkle, says:
"The science of Egyptology, which
Is slowly and patiently reconstructing
for us the ordered history of the J1.000
years before Christ, enimllng us to sec
the types of men. the manner of life,
the forms of government, tho religion
customs and bollof of period after
period, from the very dawn of ICgypt
Ian nationality, Is speclllcully a growth
of our own time.
"We owe tho framework Into which
wo try to tit tho facts of Egyptian his
tory to the ancient historian, Mauetho
scattered fragments of whoso history
of Egypt, dating from tho reign of
Ptolemy Phlladelphus, In the third con
tury It. C, have come down to us In
tho works of vurlous ancient authors
He recognized !K) dynasties of Egyp
tlau inouarchs, and he left lists of tho
names of the kings In each of these
dynasties, together with occasional
I notes upou matters of historical Inter-
I no 1 1 1 1 n I M 1 1 11 1 tPrvlrVIIQ
Gateway of
Ptolemy
Karnak.
Euergetes at
with pottery dishes, splendid copper
bowls, carved Ivory boxos, golden but
tons, palettes for grinding face paint,
chairs and couches of elaborate de
sign and decoration, Ivory and pottery
llgurlnes, nnd plaques bearing records
f tho king's valor In war or his piety
u the founding of temples.
"Here and thero in this wreckage
f Immemorial splendors, a little touch
nips us to realize that thc.ve dim hls-
orlc figures were real men, who loved
iid sorrowed ns men do still. Close
to Menu's second tomb at Abydos Ilea
bat of Ids daughter Mener-ab 'Sweet
heart,' as he called her to suggest
ow love and death went side by sldo
then as now.
The furniture of the tomba reveals
n amazing proficiency in the nrts nnd
rafts, Ebony chests Inlaid with Ivory;
tools with Ivory feet carved In tho
hapo of bull's legs; vessels cut and
ground to translucent tldnness, not
only out of soft alabaster, but out of
u Iron-hard stone like dlorlte; finely
wrought copper ewers, nil tell us that
the Egyptian of the earliest dynastic
erlod was no rude bnrbnrlan, but n
highly civilized craftsman. Perhnps
ho daintiest nnd most convincing evi-
lence of his skill Is given by the brace
lets which were found encircling tho
skeleton arm of tho queen of King Zer,
f the first dynasty."
t
THE EVOLUTION OF FIRE
FIGHTING
Tho passing of the lire horses from
Manhattan island and the Installation
of a high-pressure water system In
Hoston to eliminate even the tire en
gine are further steps In the stage of
progress from the romantic days of
the picturesque old hand tubs. Older
folk may remember when citizens
tricked themselves out In red shirts
and glazed caps and carried torches
In the front of n procession, or formed
part of tin bodyguard of the gallant
ld tub ns It paraded the streets on n
gala occasion. Then pnsslon for llro
fighting ran to n high pitch and argu
ments were waged about the merits of
particular engines. Today tho throbs
of n motor-driven engine are taking
the place of those heart throbs. Tho
horn's that might have clattered from
their stalls, glided benenth their hnr
uess, and raced gloriously through tho
drizzly, nlght-dnrkened sttets before
the flre-splttlng demon, are drawing
farm wagons or plowing the field.
In by-gone days communities were
dependent 'upon volunteers, and men
from all social ranks gave valuable
tlmo to qualify for tho service.
Fire lighting In some sort of orgnn-
Ized form Is ancient. Machines for
throwing water from a distance were
known, nccordlng to our first clear evi
dence, in the second century before
Christ. Heron of Alexnndrln, 200
years before the Chrlstlnn era, In nn
old innntiscrlpt which has escaped de
struction, described a hydraulic mn-
chine used In Egypt during the time
of the Ptolemies. It was composed of
two brass cylinders resting on a wood
en base with pistons fitted Into them
in Its principles prnctlcally llko our
present engine. Like most other
knowledge, this was lost In the dark
ages which followed.
The Uoninns had squads of men
to carry water In "hnmao," or light
vases, to the scene of nn outbreak
where It was projected onto the fire
by those In chargo ot the "slphoncs"
or hand pumps. The precise nature
of this Instrument has not been deter
mined, but from specimens found In
excavations It must have been much
like tho old-fashioned syringe used by
gardeners. These lnrgo organizations
of men gave the Homnn authorities
trouble by tbotr turbulence. Trajan
the Uoman emperor, and Pliny, at that
time ono of his governors, had long
anil serious correspondence over tho
ndvisablllty of organizing Are depart
inents In the cities under Pliny's Juris
diction, lending to the conclusion that
such croups would attain sufficient
strength to be a menace to the gov
eminent.
Mention Is made of tho .medieval
use of forcing pumps on flro engines
nt Augsburg In 1518. Englnnd and
the countries of tho continent were
using hand squirts nnd syringes at
this time. America took her Ideas
from the English.
Armenian troops marching out of
days Inter these Armenians defeated the
who wns first president of Armenia, and
Whtfre Italy
View of nn old quarter In Itapallo,
respective territorial claims.
Christmas Seals
Christmas Hed Cross seals are on
President Wilson believes In laying in
shows little Miss Adrian Mayer of
3resldent to Secretary Tumulty.
Milk for the Children of Berlin
Scene In ono of the distributing plnn'5 of the Salvation Army In Herlln,
tvhero 10,000 poor nnd hungry children have received n can of condensed milk
each for ten vfecks In succession.
TAKEN FROM EXCHANGES
Women voters of VIenua exceed tho
nen by 25 per cent.
Men and women who fall to vote In
Czechoslovakia are sentenced to Jail.
the city of Erlvnn. the Armenian capital,
Turks In a batMe at Igdlr. Inserted
Is now fighting as u private.
and Jugo-Slavia Are
where the Italians nnd Jugo-Slavs formulated their treaty, and are settling their
for President
sale as usual all over the United States.
bis supply of seals early. The picture
Washington delivering the seals for the
Thu Interior of the Okeflnokeo
swnmp In Georgia has never been vis
ited. A tunnel-shaped cave more than u
mile long hns been discovered In tho
Deschutes national fore3t of Oregou.
to meet tho Turkish forces. Several
Is n portrait cf Cholines Kadjaznunl,
Negotiating
WAS IN FAMOUS CHARGE
There Isjit least one survivor of the
historic charge of the light brigade at
Halaklava, anil he Is Wllllnm Wood
roofe, formerly of the eleventh Hus
sars, now living with his wife In Cnm
berwell, England. Although ninety
two, his mind Is clear and vigorous aw
when ho retired as a sergeant mnjor
from the army Ip 1S72. Ho has told
the thrilling story of the charge and
recited Tennyson's Immortal poem be
fore mnny distinguished gatherings.
MAKES WAR MEMORIALS
.1. Dnvidson, noted sculptor of vvnr
memorials, photographed on the stenm
ship on his arrival In New York.
Odd Happening.
"She Is not In society, but she Is a
perfect duck ot n girl." '
"Then It Is a wonder sho Is not In r
the swim," j
l"
