THE NOTiTTT PLATTE SEArT-WEETCLY TRIBUNE,
TmlaMapliy
Jk TiffartJihy Till National G!grpti
H Socwty, WAhinon, DtjC., (of DjfptUy
ANTWERP: A LATTER-DAY
ATHENS
Antwerp, where the United States
athletes performed so notably In the
1020 Olympic games, was Europe's
Hamburg of the sixteenth century
nnd Hit Alliens of the seventeenth.
This city compeln American ndmlru
tlon hy Its phenomenal power to
"como back." Crushed hy wars, In
quisitions, economic bans and peinecu
Hons of Its people, Antwerp always
has risen again.
Figures tell the story. Population
In 1008, 120,000; twenty yearn later,
only 50,000. From 18(K) to 18.10 the
population almost doubled. To Its
200,000 In 1P0I, a hundred thousand
more were added hefore the Germans
camo In October, 1011. The 12,1(50
vessels that passed In and out of Its
tine harbor In 1005 marked an In
cronso of more than 00 per cent since
1888.
Not that Antwerp Is a perennial
boom town. It Is nt least 15 centur
ies old. And during that time Its
story Is one of struggle against re
peated tragedies. When the .(lernmns
Invaded the city Its noble cathedral
tower looked down on Just one more,
though Infinitely more cruel, blow of
tbo sort it had been receiving since
tho middle ages. Napoleon (some say
Charles V) compared this tower to
Mechlin lace. Its delicate chiseling
forms a network of stone embroidery
against the sky that can ho seen from
tho surrounding lint country, and from
tho winding Scheldt, long before any
other building in Antwerp Is visible.
Hy 1(500, live hundred ships often
came and went from Antwerp's har
bor in a day and two thousand wagon
loads of merchandise usually entered
It gates. A thouwmd foreign busi
ness houses were represented there.
Its own merchant princes dwelt In al
most regal splendor.
Amid this innterlal wealth nohlo
workB of art were created. In the
city's museum were specimens of Its
glorious school paintings by Van
Dyclr, the Tenlers. Mending, Miisnys
.Tordaens, Jan van Eyek and Uiibens,
(hough the last named was better
represented In the cathedral by his
masterpiece, "Tho Descent From tho
Cross," and two other noted) works.
In tho Museo I'lantln were relics
of that Elbert Hubbard of the middle
nges. Cbrlstophe I'lantln, whose press
product was no less distinctive when
heretic pamphlets were struck off
than when devout religious works
wero printed and embossed.
During tho religious disturbances of
tho inld-slxteenth century the cathe- I
dral, then considered second only to
St. Peter's nt Home, was pillaged by I
(ho Iconoclawts. Its linages and pic
turns, Its magnificent vases, Its 00 al 1
(urs and Its great organ, considered
tho finest of Its time, were burned or
broken by the torch-bearing vandals.
Whitewashed walls reminded twen-tleth-centtiry
tourists of these depre
dations. Other churche wero ravaged at
that time. Hut whnt Antwerp suffer
ed then was mild compared to the
horror of "the Spanish Fury" In 107(5,
when that latter day Nero, tho duke
f Alva, and his Council of Illood,
began a reign of terror which sav
agery scarcely could surpass. Tying
wealthy citizens to horses' talis, be
would drag them miles to "trial."
Antwerp suffered grievously from
this debnuch of hangings, qunrterlngs,
beheadings and butcheries. In three
days 8,000 of her men, women and
children were slain, burned or drown-
d; hundreds' of tbo fine marble homes J
destroyed, and tho civnlent of mil
lions of dollars worth of property
wrecked.
, It was seven yenrs Inter that tho
doughty citizens of Antwerp made
Mhort shrift of the duko of Anjou's
plotting against Flemish liberty. When
, tho duke and his men overcame the
FlemlBh guard of n drawbridge, and
11,000 of tho tluke's troops rushed In
to tnko tho city, wbrkmen fought furi
ously with their oven shovels, and cit
izens grabbed arquebuses and chewed
coins Into shape to load them.
"FINLAND: WHERE WOMEN
WON VOTE BY HELPING
SETTLE A STRIKE
Victory for woman snlTrnge In the
United States adds Interest to tho ex
periences of Finland, where women
won tho franchise by their part In qui
eting labor troubles similar to thoso
which now assail the United States.
Incidentally, Finland was one of tho
first portions of tho old Uusslun em
pire to set up a constitutional govern
ment. Tho ndvent and progress of suffrage
In Finland Is described In u com, mini
Mtlon to the National Geographic so-
sliity hy ltaroness Aletta Korff as fol
!owh:
"From an educational point of view
'.ho women of Finland have been very
fortunate, as there are many excellent
schools for girls nnd a number of co
fducatloiml schools throughout thn
country which propnre studunls for
tho university examinations. Girls
woro admitted to tho university In
J878, aud, until tho war Intervened,
i hoy not only attended lectures tint
ok part In all branches of university
life: they participated In all the cele
brations and festivities, and were
niPinlH'rs of the various clubs nnd stu
dent organizations, In which they wore
on a footing of perfect equality with
the men, and frequently were elected
to various olllclal position. After they
were graduated from one of the sev
eral high schools or from the uiilvor-
idly, there were many branches of
work open to them.
"Having thus such an excellent foun
dation to build upon, It Is small won
der that the woman's movement soon
found mnpv active supporters. In
1S0I5 the diet had accorded the mu
nicipal vote to women taxpayers living
In the country, nnd In 1872 to women
living In the towns, all of whom were
also given the right to be elected mem
bers of certain local self-governing
bodies. In 1000 the women social dem
ocrats Included the suffrage In their
program, but tljo special activity for
the suffrage began only In the year
1001, although In 1807 it petition had
been olllclally presented to the diet
at the request of tho Finnish Worn
tin's association.'
"The reason why so little Avns done
In direct furtherance of the cause of
woman suffrage between the years
1807 and 1001 Is that Just at that time
Finland was passing through a severe
political crisis.
"After tho outhrenk of the October
revolution In Hnssla (1000), a sympa
thetic strike was declared In Finland
and several of the members of the cen
tral committee elected by a mass
meeting to manage tho details of the
strike were women.
"The first notion taken by the com
mittee was to close all the liquor
shops, saloons nnd barrooms, and to
organize a volunteer police force to
keep order. After the second day tho
markets were reopened and the strik
ers were not allowed to cut off the wa
ter supply. In short, the strike was
inannged In n most orderly anil sys
tematic way, and no outrages of any
sort wero committed."
FUTURE OF SYRIA AFFECTS
CIVILIZED WORLD
More nnd more frequently the spot
light swings to Syria. The Syrians
declared their country Independent,
and chose Prince Felsal as king. Fels
al reigned n few days. The French
set up n temporary government, nnd
now Felsal seeks restoration.
Syria's future concerns the entire
world, for It Is coming Into Its own as
a result of new railways which mnko
It onco more a link land In history's
chain. Explaining the significance of
recent events, n communication by
Mnynard Owen Williams says:
"Syria closes the east end of the
Mediterranean and Is hounded on tho
lorth by tho Taurus mountains. The
A Woman of Syria.
Syrian and Arnblan deserts limit fur
ther settlement to the east nnd south.
Hut In connection with world com
merce It has always been closely re
lated to the fertile valleys of the Nile
and the twin Mesopotamia rivers, and
Its commercial life of tomorrow can
not be divorced from that of Mesopo
tamia.
'The future of Syria depends upon
the development of two ports and upon
who controls these strategic centers of
politics and commerce. Alexandretta
and Haifa attain new Importance as
the Dardanelles are Internationalized
and free passage, open to nil nations,
cuts across what Germany was forg
ing as a Borlln-to-Bagdud route, all
but COO miles of which, between Nls
llln and Tekrlt, a few miles nhove Su
marra, Is now complete.
"This new line of trallle from Alex
andretta past Aleppo to tho Euphrates
river at .lerablus, connecting the old
est routes of International commerce,
also separates two Important Ungual
groups, for Turkish Is generally spok
en to the north of the railway and
Arable to the south.
"Whatever political adjustment Is
made between England and France,
Italy and Greece, Arabia and Syria,
conservative Mecca and liberal Helrut,
Zionist and Greek Orthodox. Christian
and Moslem, Maronlte and Druse, the
lino of division between tbo Turkish
nnd Arabic tongues will bo significant,
for language differences as well as
thoso of race exert a profund effect on
political life In the Levant,
'Syria Is tho huh or tho Afro-Euru
1 alan continents, and with every rail
wny that reaches out to Bremen,
Haku, Hnkhnrn, Burma or Bloemfon
teln the central region of the world's
greatest land-mnss achieves new sig
nificance. "Aside from Its Imporlnnee ns a
trade route. Syria will find Its great
est future as an agricultural nation,
and has extensive regions which enn
be made to produce largo crops."
RUMANIA: PAWN OF MANY
Huiimnlii, which has nttracteil atten
tlon recently because of the visit of
Prince Carol to this country, hns been
a center of European wnr storms for
a thousand years.
Peter the Great once established n
protectorate over the Kumnnlans nnd
Catherine the Great later advanced
n plan for the annexation of their ter
ritory to Hnssla. Fearing thnt suh
territorial expansion might life n men
neoto her. Austria persuaded Cnther
lnr to abandon thnt plan.
Humnnln. as we now know It, wnn
forml from Moldavia and Wnllacbla
In 1801. Previously these principali
ties had been under Turkish suzer
ainty, following Austria's protest
ngalst Hnssla annexing them. Au
tonomy being guaranteed by the pow
ers which agreed to the union of the
principalities, following the Crimean
war, Humanlnns chose an army officer,
Col. Alexander Curza, as their ruler.
Ills title was Alexander John I, prlnco
of Hiimanla,
When, seven years later, the element
In power at Bucharest decided for a
change of rulers there were few for
malities. Invndlng tho prince's bed
room by night, lenders of tho group
presented a certificate of abdication to
lie signed, and then bundled him In a
carriage and put him nbonrd an ex
press for Paris.
The count of Flanders, brother to
King Leopold of Belgium, was chosen
by n provisional government. The
powers, especially Austria, protested,
and Prince Charles (Carol), who had
been an olllcer In the Prusslnn army,
was substituted. He set about free
ing the country from the suzerainty
of Turkey.
When the Husso-Turklsb storm clouds
nrose In 1870, Chnrles sought to have
the powers guarantee the neutrality
of Humanln. He failed. Then an
agreement was reached with Hnssla.
Under Its terms Husslan soldiers were
to have free passage through Bu
mnnla. while Hnssla was to respect tho
rights and defend the Integrity of Ku
nmnln. When the wnr began Humanln
promptly declared herself Independent
of Turkey. As the wnr went on Hns
sla needed help bndly and finnlly Hu
manln responded to repented appeals.
Under Prince Carol, Humnnlnn and al
lied troops gained a decisive hut cost
ly victory before Plevna. Huinanlnn
freedom was recognized In the treaty
of San Stofano, and It furthermore
was stipulated that Humnnln was to
get the swampy country known ns
Dobrudja, lying between the Danube,
where It Hows to tho north, and the
Black sea. ttussla was to have Bess
arabia, territory claimed by Humanln
and In part occupied by her.
Humanln protested bitterly against
exchange of picturesque Bessnrnbln
for the pgly Dobrudjn region. Hnssla
threatened to 'disarm the Humnnlan
army, and Prince Carol plucklly re
sponded that his army might be de
stroyed but It never would be dis
armed. The Husso-Turklsb treaty of San
Stofano was overturned by the con
gress of Berlin, but Hussla's aim In
Bessarabia was not denied. Thus
Humnnln, nfter helping Hnssla In her
plight, came out of the war with less
than she had when she went In.
CANADA MAY ADOPT AN
ESKIMO INDUSTRY
Conversion of the arctic and sub
arctic regions of Canada Into a rein
deer meat producing area Is being con
sidered by the Canadian government
and Is being widely discussed through
out thn dominion.
A communication to the Nntlonnl
Geographic society recalls that rein
deer were not Indigenous to Alaska,
and tells the Interesting story of their
Introduction there.
"The story of the Inception nnd
growth of the reindeer enterprise in
Alnska is very Interesting nnd Is not
generally known," snys the writer.
"During nn extended trip of Inspec
tlon of the missionary stations and
government schools In 1800. Dr. Shel
don Jackson, then general agent of ed
ucntlon In Alaska, was Impressed with
the fact that the natives In arctic and
subarctic Alaska were rapidly losing
their sources of food supply.
"Doctor Jnckson saw thnt unless
something was done nt once the Unit
ed Stntes would hnve to choose be
tween feeding the 20,000 nnd more na
tives or letting them starve to death
"The same moss which covered so
many thousands of miles of the plnlns
of arctic Siberia was seen everywhere
In Alaska. The tame reindeer was
practically the sumo animal as the
wild caribou of Alaska, changed by be
ing domesticated for centuries.
"On bis return to tho United States
In 1S01, Doctor Jackson nsked congress
for an appropriation to provide tho
money for Importing n few deer.
Congress was not convinced of the
wisdom of such action, but several prl
vato persons wero so Interested that
they placed $2,000 at Doctor Jackson's
disposal to begin the experiment. Tho
first deer wero brought over thnt year.
It was not long before the government
realized tho Importance of the move
ment, nnd In 1801 appropriated the
sum of 5(5.000 to continue tho work.
Later tho appropriation was Increased
and by 1000 amounted to $25,000 annually."
Salvation Army Dedicates New Training School
Commissioner Thomas Estill of the
urmy officers. The college Is one of tbo
train there. Tbo building was formerly
The moving of a number of boxwood trees, runging In age from 200 to
Lincoln Memorlnl In Washington, Is
rees are so Inrge In some enses they have to be divided before It Is possible
loin tho Heltmuller estate In Washington. They have to be carried five miles.
Indiana to Be Used As a Target
.'.XK-.tiSllXXZ'
The old U. S. S. Indiana, after 25 years of service, Is to lie used by the
navy for a target for battleships and nlrplanes. The navy will try out a new
aerial bomb on this old sen warrior.
Where Lord Mayor
K w..Jt...
Brixton prison, London, in tho hospital of which Terence MncSwlney Is
starving himself In defiance of British authority.
CONDENSATIONS
Eighty-five per cent of the world's
automobiles are manufactured In t..o
United Stntes.
An Inventor hns developed a form
f treadmill to enable an athlete to
get running exercise without leaving
bis room.
Tho four hundredth anniversary of
ihc discovery of the Straits of Magel
lan will bo celebrated by Chile In No
vembor. A substantial holder for n pall
ivhlch cannot bo kicked over by a cow
being milked has been patented by
ii Cnllfornlnn.
Salvation army dedicated the new Chicago training school for Salvation
army's three largest In the United States and more than 120 students will
the home of Joseph E. Tilt, wealthy Chicago shoe manufacturer.
Ancient Trees for the Lincoln
the biggest tree project ever undertaken
of Cork Is Confined
German silver contnlns no silver,
and blacklead no lead.
Tbo government of- Holland will es
tablish an aerial mnll service between
thnt country and England.
It has been discovered that an oil
can bo distilled from horso chestnuts
composed of ono part acetone and two
of butyl alcohol.
Splints to be strapped to the feet
lo gradually correct tho deformity
known as "hammer too" have been In
vented. An Engllsii non-lnfiuinmnble, non
breakable substitute for celluloid
weighs only about one-sixth as much
as glass,
Memorial
liOO years, to bo transplanted around tlio
by the District of Columbln. These
to move them. They wore purchused
WEDDED AFTER 55 YEARS
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Heinson
Toller, who wero mnrrled tho other
day, each aged seventy-live years,
Fifty-five years ago Martha Juno
Gabriel and Mr. Teller, then twenty
yenrs old. were engnged to be married,
but they quarreled nnd scpnrnted, nnd
each married another. But now, 55
yenrs afterwards, being widow and
widower nnd eneh seventy-five, they
have decided their old affection con
tinues. Mr. Teller was formerly su
perintendent of the training stnblcs
In the Now York fire department, and
for the past 20 years has been con
nected with tho New York veterlnury
hospital.
One of Gene Field's Pranks.
Eugene Field und I were seated In
a Chicago theater nenr the wtnge. and
"East Lynne," or some equally tear
forcing play was being produced. At
tbo moment of high tension, when
there was profound silence throughout
tho house, thoro hurst out a loud "lln!
hn I ha !" and, then Field turned to n
quiet old gentleman sented by his sldo
and silently denounced him with a
look of amazement and condemnation.
The nudlenco took It up and all rec
ognized tho poor old fellow ns tho
culprit. He blushed and, when tbo
curtain fell, quietly took his hat and
slipped out, nnd did not return. Field,
who wns almost a ventriloquist, wns
the real offender. Melvillo E. Stone,
In Collier's Weekly.
Unterrlfled.
"It's going to be a hard winter."
"1 hope so," answered Mr. Growchor.
"Aud fuel Is likely to Jio scarce."
"I don't care. I'm tired of theso
all-day bathing costumes. I want to
see a climatic condition thnt will com
pel people to weur n whole lot of
clothes."
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