TTTT3 NORTTT PLATTE SEMT-WTCTCKT,Y TRfHTTNTJ,
M Sody, WluMnon, D,)c., fo DrfiJCW
IFIUME: OBJECT OF RIVAL
CLAIMS
The exploits or Cabriole d'AnnunzIo
Int flume, recalling the adventures of
11 mcdicvnl knight, keep Hint unclenl
city In the public eye.
If Trieste was the Bremen of Aus
tria, Flume was the Hamburg of the
'Hungarian kingdom, n rloe rival for
itho brisk Adriatic trade of the period
before the war.
flume Is another of those footholds
on the enslern Adriatic when Italian
clung fiiHt despite the steady Influx
of Slavs In the Interior, and, In thlK
-i-ase even Into flump Itsoir. Thus the
'ily hears evidence of early Italian cul
ture, It figured hh a potent Slav fac
tor In (he turmoil of Balkan polities,
.and It folt strongly the Inlluence of
'Hungary upon Its thriving Industries
'uind fast growing commerce.
Magyar gerrymandering caused It
ho ho annexed lo Hungary In 1870,
fdwlte the protest of Croatia to which
ilf had belonged since (he revolution
(of 18-18-40. Tender consideration for
ills rnluo ue a seaport, rather than for
Ills citizens, prompted Its establish
ment art a roynl free town, making It
ji geographical slice of about seven
square miles cut out of Croatia.
Despite the Hungarian Interest In
ithc city Its pre-war population was 00
pier cent Itallnn and Slav, with the
'Italians slightly predominant. Only
nbout half tho remaining tenth were
Hungarians. The Slavs Included
Ooats. Sorbs and Slovenes. As Im
portant to Hiingury as are Jfow York
or Boston to the United States, flume's
total population Is not much greater
Hum such suburbs of those American
3'ortH as Hasf Orange, N. .T or New
ton, Mass.
flume Is situated on the northeast
chores of the Gulf of Qunrnoro, only
wfventy miles, by rail, southeast of Its
trade rival, Trieste. Across the bay
Is tho popular summer resort, Ah
hazla, famed for Its evergreen Inurel
and profusion of roses, to which tens
of fhousands of visitors formerly
thronged each summer.
Tho older town, distinctively Italian,
1. built on the hillside, overlooking the
gulf. The newer city lies nearer the
waterfront. There are three harbors.
The largest, accommodating IfiO lunge
vessels, Is protected by a breakwater
Jmlf n mllo long. Tho quay Is nearly
two miles long.
nefore tho war flume's rnaniifnctur
dug plnnls Included a government to
tincco factory,, tho Whitehead torpedo
works, a rice1 shelling factory, a pe
iroleum rellnery, and many smaller
jdantfl, among which were snw mills anil
Jinper mill Its fisheries constituted
on Important Industry. It exported
utigar. grain, flour, horses and timber.
"GO WEST," SaTdGREELEY;
"SPREAD OUT," SAYS
ELIOT
I How are the evils thnt go with city
Crowding (o ho avoided In the face of
the Increasing congestion of American
Htlcs?
rty making the cities moro llko the
C ountry, Is the gist of one noted think
"pr's solution of that question. Despite
the steady procession of country folk
to cities, their now environment lacks
many of tho benelHs of the places they
'njUi' from, In his opinion.
Charles W. Kllot, world-famous edu
cator, In a communication to the Nn
lonnl Geographic society says:
"In ordor to cure tho destructive
vlls of present urban life atid the
factory system, It will not bo enough
(to restrict the vices, to diminish tho
(pressure of poverty, to prevent do
tstnictlve dlsoases, and prolong the
nvcrnge human life. Tho human en
vlronmcnt must ho not only negative
By hut positively Improved; so that the
wholo people may have the oppor-
f unity to eulttvnte healthy tastes and
ntereslH, to acquire Just Ideals of
(pleasantness and henuty, and to learn
he vnluo toward tranquil happiness
if that living with nature which city
congestion has wllhn a single goner-
uton made almost Impossible for mill-
ltnrtos.
Tho present evils of city life and
he factory system bnd conditions
hlch civilization has Itself created
havo developed their destructive forces
Bn thin country j splto of the schools
tind churches and of free political In
:ltutlouH, nnd In spile of many hap
jiy Influences from art. poetry, muRle
nd the drama. Clearly, society needs
to develop a new and bettor environ
Imcnt favnnddo to both bodily and
imontul health and to the attainment
'of genuine hnpplnwss not of more
momentary excitement, pleasures and
igratlUcnllons. hut of solid content
ment, nnd the lasting satisfaction of
life enjoyed In quletnoss nnd peace.
"What are the means of compassing
(fills emit
"Tho readiest moans Is good plan
nliig of city, town nnd Inndscnpo
flrnt applied to arens still open, and
then gradually to areas already ocou
'jpled In undeslrnhle ways. The new
Wanning must take Into account the
SntorestH of tho wholo community, as
fwpll Tin the Interests of Individual
JowtierH, the soclnl or collective Inter
lest always prevailing.
"The Immediate objects to be sought
are more light and ulr for dwellings,
olllces, shops nnd factories, and thus
a spreading out of cities; the trans
fer of factories to suburbs and to
country sites along the lines of rnll
way; the multiplication of play
grounds and open decorated areas, and
above all the attachment of n piece of
arable or garden ground to every fami
ly dwelling.
"The collective force of the pom
munlfy must further supply the means
o'f making rural and landscape pleas
ures occasionally accessible to city
populations by means of parks and
gardens which Illustrate all forms of
open-country beauty and permit the
occasional enjoyment by city families
or larger urban groups of the outdoor
pleasures which woods, shrubberies,
gardens and broad fields can give."
I POLAND ONCE THE SAVIOR
OF EUROPE
Poland, whose history Is tragedy
and whose people have been called
"Children of the Sun," plnys no new
role when she seeks to stop the on
slaughts of the bolslipvlkl, for It was
she who once stayed the march of
(lie Turk across Europe.
A eonimunlentlnn to the National
Geographic society sums up Poland's
sad and eventful history as follown:
In size she outranked nearly every
nntlon of the continent. Hussln alone
of the European nations larger than
Polnnd wiis at her greatest. In popu
lation she stood at the forefront of
Kurope. Only Hussln nnd Germnny
had greater populations before the
war than are to be found In the liuids
that once were Poland; for unpnrtl
tloncl Poland had an area of 282.000
square miles, and the lands thnt once
lay within her boundaries support a
population of approximately fit) mil
lion. In area she was aa inrge as the
former German empire. Switzerland.
Belgium, Hollnnd nnd Denmark to
gether; larger than Great Hrltnln.
Itnly and Greece combined ; Inrger
than Austria-Hungary and Serbia In
one. Within what were her boundaries
there dwells a present population of
Great Britain and Belgium ; larger
than those of franco, Belgium and
Holland together; mi( matching that
of the old Austria-Hungary.
Poland was three times partitioned,
nnd these partltlonlngs were read
Justed between the partltloners by tho
Congress of Vienna In 181 IT. Where
the original partitions had given Hus
sln 181.000 squnre miles. Prussia M.000
squnre miles, and Austria 'ir,000
square miles, the reapportionment of
the Vienna Congress Rave Uussla 220,
HOO, Prussia 20.000. apd Austrln 115,000
square miles. Much of the land which
Hussln secured, and particularly Kiev,
had been Identified with Hussln gen
erations before,
Poland, In the days of her greatest
area, extended from n point within r0
miles of Iterlln, on the west, to the
merldlnn of the sea of Azov on the
east; on the north It renehed nenrly
(o the Gulf of flnland nnd on the
south down to the Khannte of Crimen.
Whnt we now know as Husslan
Poland Is that neck of territory
stretching westward between the
Prusslns and Gnllcla. This territory
has an area nlmost exactly equal to
that of New York, yet. In spite of the
fact that Its extreme southern boun
dary lies north of the latitude of Win
nipeg, Its population Is as great as
those of New York apd New, Jersey
combined.
PEKING: ACITY WITHIN
A CITY
Until recently Peking, capital of
China, with Its 700.000 people, was
one of the least known of tho great
cities of the world. It took the Boxer
rebellion nnd the siege of the legations
In 1000 to open tho long-closed doors.
Hecently It has been In the headlines
because of revolutionary disturbances.
Peking Is a "city within a city." The
Chlpeso city, built In 151:$, Is the com
mercial water. The Tatar city dates
from 1207 and Includes the famous
"forbidden City," of which tho
Dragon Throne of the Son of Heaven,
f.mporor of the Middle Kingdom. Is
the center. The throne Is of rnre
wood exquisitely carved. Just back
of It Is a screen of golden lacquer so
dainty In design nnd execution that It
gives the appearance of golden lace.
Around this throne room are nrranged
the palaces, shut In by purple walls.
The Chlen-men street bisects the
Chinese city from the South Gnto,
where thj'rnllway enters, to, the prin
cipal gate In the wall separating the
ChlncMi from the Tatar city. AIong
this inn In thoroughfare there passes
a continuous throng. There, too. may
he seen the sprlngless passenger cart,
with Its blue nrched roof anil yellow
wheels, corrugated metal tires, and Its
awning sheltering driver nnd mule, or
tho Mongolian camel, the ship of tho
Asian desert; and, Interesting nbove
nil, the scarlet bridal chair with Its
piece of bacon and parcel of sugar
hung on the buck as an offering to the
demons who might molest the bride
while on her Journey. Olllclals hurry
bnck nnd forth In the gorgeous chairs,
their coolies making great din as they
seek right of way. Noisy vendors of
amulets, and medicines of ground tiger
bones to strengthen faint hearts, and
extracts of rat moat to make- tJje hr.lr
grow, add to the din.
On the east side of this roadwny Is
an enclosure of about one square mllo
which contains tho Altnr of Heaven,
surrounded by shrines and temples, tho
most Importnnt of which Is tho cir
cular, three-roofed marble Temple of
Heaven with pillars of Oregon pine
and roof of deep blue porcelain tiles.
Near tho ornate Temple of Ilenven
Is the Temple of Confucius, "the most
holy ancestral teacher,"
Tho Washington monument of
Peking Is tho famous thlrteon-ntorltxl
Huddhlst pagoda from the summit of
which a fine view of the city may bo
had.
Peking clnlnis tho oldest dnlly newn
paper In the world, the Peking Ga
zette, compared with whose age the
London Times, with Its hundred years,
Is In Its Infancy, for six dollars n
year a Pekingese crti read all that his
government desires him to know its to
Its nctlons. or ho can rent his Gazette
for tho day and return It. In former
yenrs newspapers were found on the
walls In the form of posters. They
were printed from n large block or
wood upon which the Intricate char
acters had been cut by hntid.
In the heart of tho Tatar city Is an
other enclosure the "forbidden City,"
In which stands the Imperial palace,
distinctive In China because It Is faced
with yellow porcelain. Surrounding
the pnlace aro the gardens, reception
hnlls. pavilions and ofllces formerly
used by the emperor In conducting tho
affairs of the empire. j
"Prospect III1I" would bo Interest-
Ing to those who went to tho "movies"
to keep warm during the recent conl
shortages. The hill Is a huge mound
of coal which was to provide fuel In
time of siege, and It Is now covered
with a grove of beautiful trees.
The Pekingese are consumers only.
The trade of the city Is small, nlthough
It Is open lo foreign commerce. The
famous Grand canal which connected
It with the rich provinces of South
China greatly facilitates the transpor
tation of rice nnd other products.
PRESERVING A "WHITE
AUSTRALIA"
Declaration by the prime minister of
Australia that his country was jld
termlued to maintain Its traditional
policy of a "White Australia," a policy
as Jlnnly grounded there as Is tho
Monroe doctrine in the. United States,
again turned tho attention of the
world toward that remote and uulquo
continent.
"It Is not that Australia despises
Immigration," explains u communica
tion .to the National Geographic so
ciety from Herbert 13. Gregory. "It
Is rather that she has clung to her
Ideal of 'a homogeneous people of
British origin.'
"Australia Is disappointed that of
tho four largo areas which offer con
genial homes for people of European
blood namely, Australia, Canada.
United States and Argentina Austra
lia alone Is passed by, while the other
three favored regions have received
Europeans by hundreds of thou
sands. She saw the United States re
ceiving In one year (lOlil) 1,107,892
people from abroad, more than the
Mt. Victoria Pass, New South Wales.
entire net Immigration to Australia
for the preceding fifty-three yenrs, and
In another year (101Q) enrolling four
times us many people born In the
United States Kingdom as were living
In Australia.
. "The traveler in search of dupli
cates of tho Canadian Heckles, the
Yoseinlte, the Ornnd Canyon, of Nor
wegian fiords nnd Alpine scenery,
need not visit Australln. Its moun
tain scenery Is thnt of tho southern
Appalachians, tluAVhlte mountains and
the low ranges of Arizona. Its plains
and plateaus are comparable with
those of the Hocky moiwitnln foothills
nnd tho nrld expanses of Utah, Idaho
and Oregon. The blunt granite cap ot
Mt. Kosciusko, 7,a2S feet above sea,
Is the culminating point of land. A
half dozen peaks reach the height of
Mt. Washington, nnd something like
one per cent of the entire lund nrea
rises ns high as tho Catskllls.
"That the size and form of n land
mass nenrly as large as Kurope should
have remained unknown until 1770 Is
must remarkable.
"Curiously enough, tho establish
ment of the first colony oif the new
found continent Is an episode In tho
history of tho United States. It was
proposed by the Hrltlsh government to
utilize the land us a home for the
'Loyalists' (Tories) who found life In
the American colonies uncomfortable
at tho close of tho Revolutionary war.
They wero to be supplied with land
and nuviey. and Malay slaves or Kng
llsh convicts wero to bo provided as
laborers.
"fear of the french licet and tho
removal of many Tories to Canada led
to the abandonment of this scheme,
hut another use for llotnny Hay was
soon discovered. Place bust be found
for undesirable citizens, who. before
'the Revolution, had been sent to
America at tho rate of one thousand
a year, and New South Wales met tho
requirements. Tho history of Austrnlla
begins with tho year 1788, when ten
hundred slid thirty-live convicts under
military escort landed- at Sydney
Cove."
Scenes in
These photogrnplw were innde only
a few minutes after the terrible explo
sion In the Wall street region In New
York, which resulted In about 35
deaths, tho Injury of several hundred
persons nnd great damage to property.
The authorities ure convinced the
blast wns from n huge bomb In a one
horse truck that was standing near
tho sub-treasury. There Is good rea
son to believe It wns left there by an
orvhisLs who belong to tho group thai
wus responsible for the bomb outrages
ot 1011), and that this new atrocity
was Intended by them as a defiance of
the government of the United States.
The pictures show, at the right, the
shattered front of one of the build
ings that received the brunt of the ex
plosion, and below, the police and vol
unteer rescuers' removing bodies of
the vlctiuvs. Immediately after the
blast strong guards were thrown
around the sub-treasury and the banks
In the region.
At Republican state headquarters In New York city n hchool for women voters was opened and tho fair pu
pils went through all the motions of casting their bullots Just as they will In the polling pluces.
Aerial Acrobat
Leon ferguson, n daring aerial acrobat, was killed while performing on
tho wing of a plane less than 100 feet above tho ground, nt the Sonoma fair.
Santa Rosa, Oil. Pilot Schmidt, who accompnnled him on tho flight, received
only n scratch on hl head. This photograph shows the wrecked plane and
Pilot Schmidt being lifted from machine.
Jackies "Sleeping
The Jackies are sleeping on the green, but tho 'green" In this case is not
tho lawn or meadows, but the green of n jvol tablo for tho Navy club In New
York Is crowded with visiting Jackies.
Wall Street After Bomb Outrage
Women Learn How to Cast Their Ballots
Meets Death
on the Green"
READS LIKE A ROMANCE
Rev. David S. K. Hyme of Montreal,
who will soon enter Into possession of
the S10.000.000 estate of the Into W.
G. Byrne. Mr. Hyrne In 1007 wan
David S. Kldd, a tea salesman of To
ronto, In Chicago on business. Jt was
his custom to carry n Hible with him.
In n salooir In tho slums he was at
tracted by the beauty and Intelligence
of a twenty-year-old girl, tho daugh
ter of a wealthy miner. He spoke to
her. urging her to go to her family.
The girl was so affected she promised
to return to her home. Several weolca
Inter Kldd received u letter from tho
girl s father, W. G. Hyrne, then of Hal
ttmore. saying he would support Kldd
In helping other women to go right,
and requesting him to change hlx name
t,o Hyrne. This Kldd did and as fur
ther evidence of his gratitude, the fa
ther left him $425,000 In his will nnd
directed that he he sole trustee for a
$1,000.()00 church nd tnbernncle. Kldd
thereafter became a clergyman to car
ry out tho wishes of his benefactor.
Lucy Hyrne, the rescued girl, died one
year after her return home. Her moth
t and brother were drowned when
the Empress or Irelnnd wns lost In the
st. Lawrence In 1014. Rev. Dnvid
Ryrno thus became sole heir to the ex
tensive Hynm mining and oil proper
ties in Pennsylvania. Florida. Mexico
Argentina, r.ne.ll. Spain and Austral
lln, valued at $10,000,000.
Advantage of Learning.
Suspicious Mother Murlar, was
that younrf student a-klsslii' of vou on
the porch last night?
Vassar Daughter How could you
suggest s'ich a thing, ma? He wns
merely showing me the proper So o
Inbals In practical oscillatory erer-,
clses. i