TITE NORTIT PLATTE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE.
BATUM: CENTER OF CRUDE
OIL AND CLASSIC STORY
Mlnglo nn nll-pcrvadlng odor or pe
troleum with tlio uromn of 1,000 yours
of history; picture the physical as
pects of a Texas town of the pusher
region, Including pulling trains lumber
Inc through the principal street amid
a swarthy human content of Turk, Ar
menian, Georgian ami Greek, and you
get an Idea of the Incongruity of Rn
turn. Datum has grown like n mushroom
wlihln n generation because a pipe
line poured precious oil through its
Dluck sea port. It nestles at the foot
hills of n stream of history that paral
lels the pipe Hue anil the 550-mlle
course of the railway to lliiku, which
links the Hlack sea to the Caspian,
and passes such peaks of legend as
the 18,000-foot Alt. Elburz, where Pro
inctheus was hound to a rock as the
vultures consumed his llesh.
From 1007 to 1011, Inclusive, nearly
one-fifth of the world's oil supply came
from the Caucasus region, and In nor
mal times Datum was credited with
exporting more petroleum than any
other port In the world. Datum won
this boon by the natural advantage of
a harbor ranked as one of the best In
the world, despite the occasional
storms that render Its shelter treach
erous. The city came to Its Industrial own
when It passed from Turkish domin
ion to Itusslan hands In 1878; hut po
litical troubles, even before the war
bolts of ll)M, arfecfed Its commerce,
lleforq tho World war n movement had
been launched to boom Dntum as a
health resort. In that Held It had
some assets, despite Its get-rlch-qulck
anomalies and unkempt appearance,
such as a climate where the foliage
was thick In mhl-wlnter, and Its boule
vards, shaded by palms, acacias and
banana trees.
In 1003 Datum had an economic ex
perience that affected It more deeply,
perhaps, than political disturbances.
It never recovered from the general
Ntrlko of that year, which spread over
the entire South Itussla, and, In Da
Hun, brought paralysis to 'business,
suffering to citizens and palsy to prog
ress. Datum Is built In a sort of amphi
theater facing a beautiful bay. Wine
was produced In the vineyards In Its
vicinity; und In tho spring tons of
strawberries were grown In the tlelds
nearby. Doth products were exported
before the wur. In those days auto
mobiles, sewing machines, tireless
cookers and wilting materials passed
Its custom house on their way to the
Caucasus or Persia.
WHAT'S IN SOME GEO
GRAPHIC NAMES
1 Names of such women as .loan of
Are and Edith Cavell are written In
del Inly upon the hearts of people for
ail ages. Generous and well deserved
tributes have been paid lastingly to
others, but so much have their names
become a part of our dally lives that
many who frequently pronounce them
are unmindful of their significance
Cities, rivers, provinces and Islands
bear tho names of women of distinc
tion.
Lady Franklin Island, near Daflln ts
Innd, Ii tho nretlc circle, Is named for
the wlfo of Sir John Franklin, tho ex
plorer who lost his llfo In tlrst tlndlng
the Northwest passage through the
great Ice of the polar regions. There
Is perhaps no more beautiful story of
untiring devotion and persistent ef
fort than that of Lady Juno Frank'
Hn who, after tho failure of many at
tempts, fitted out a ship which, though
It brought back to her the definite
proof of tho loss of her husband's ex
peditlon, established his achievement
of his object.
Tho picturesque, stories of the lit
tie Indian princess Pocahontas nl-
ways will hold n loved place In the
hearts of American childhood. Coun
ties In Iowa and West Virginia, vil
lages In Dond county, Illinois, and
Cape Girardeau county. Missouri, and
In the Rocky mountains In Alberta,
Cnnnda, are named for her.
Queen Victoria's name Is wrapped
arouijd the Drltlsh empire from the
capital of Drltlsh Columbia, over the
heart of Africa at Victoria Nyunza and
Victoria falls, ami beyond Into tho
Queensland and Victoria In far-avay
Australia.
America, too, In Its early days of
colonization paid Its tribute .to the
queens of the mother country and to
the gracious ladles who braved the
dangers of untried shores with their
lords. Elizabeth, a cape In Maine,
and Elizabeth City In Virginia, as
well as tho state Itself, together with
some 25 other places In the United
States, bear the namo of the clever
witty, vorsutlle coquette, who took the
dissension-torn England and whipped
It Into u place as u world power.
Elizabeth Carteret, the charming
wife of one of the aristocratic proprl
etors of New Jersey, shares with
Queen Elizabeth somo of tho honors
at the name. Ellzauethtown, In Nortu
Cnrollnn, and Elizabeth City, In Now
Jersey, are mimed for hor.
Tho nittno of Clara Darton Is perpet
uated In Darton county, Kunsas, and
tho wife of George Washington, who
before her llrst marriage was Martha
Dandrldge, Is honored In tho town of
Dandrlilge, Tenn.
Alaryland and Virginia are fairly be
spattered with tho names of the queens
and princesses of England, the state
name of the former being taken
from that of Queen Henrietta Maria,
the wife of Charles I. Then, too, there
are Annapolis, named for the wife of
.lames I of Englund; and Anne Arun
del and Caroline counties, In Mary
land, called after the wives of two of
the Culverts; Fluvanna county and
the North Anna river In Virginia,
named for Queen Anne; and Charlotte,
Amelia anil Caroline counties and
Charlottesville, the home of the Uni
versity of Virginia, all called for the
wives and daughters of English kings.
Marietta, O., iis named for the
haughty, charming Antoinette. The
Aleutian Islands, off the coast of
Alaska, when that territory was Itus
slan, were known ns Catherine archi
pelago, In honor of Catherine the
Great. Ekaterinburg was named for
the Russian Catherine who ruled Itus
sla throuuh her husband. Deter the
Great.
VERA CRUZ: TRAVERSING
A CONTINENT IN 75
MILES
"While fully aware of the llgh per
centage of error most sweeping asser-
'linns contain, I nevertheless venture
to claim that the country lying be
tween tho cities of Vera Cruz and Mex
ico City possesses more varied nat
ural attractions than any other aren
of similar extent In the world."
This Is the statement of Frank M.
Chapman, In a communication to the
National Geographic society concern-
Jug Vera Cruz, which figures so con
spicuously In news dispatches from
Mexico. Doctor Chapman continues:
"De one student dr tourist, there can
he no question that one should enter
Mexico from the gulf. A Journey from
the coast to the capital follows a nat
ural succession of climatic zones as
well ns the sequence of early historic
events.
The day, indeed, should begin nt
sunrise, some hours before disembark
ing at Vera Cruz, with' a hope that one
may havo tho raro good fortune to see
the first rays of the sun touch (ho
summit of Mt. Orizaba, the first, ns It
will be among the most lasting, of
onus .ImpressloiiH of Mexico. Tho
shore Is still some .'10 miles distant,
the mountain Itself about 100 miles,
und one Is with dllllculty convinced
Unit the glcnmlng pink cloud high
above the horizon Is part of the still
Invisible earth beneath It. Doubtless
the Aztecs were not familiar with this
view of Mt. Orizaba, but from no
other place Is their name for It Clt-
lultapctl (the Star Jlountaln) so up
pllcublo.
"Time wns when ern Cruz was
dreaded as a pest-hole, and trains nt
once took one from the steamer up the
Sierras on the way to Mexico City,
Usually as far as Orizaba. Now, how
ever, sanitary conditions and hotel ac
commodntlons huvo been so Improved
that one may stay here without dan
ger or discomfort.
"In our Journey from the gulf to the
summit of the Sierras wo pass through
tropical, temperate and boreal zones
the Tlerras Cullente, Templnda and
Frla of the native. Our actual Jour
ney, In pnsslng from sea lovel to snow'
line, may be a matter, of 75 miles, our
change of altitude approximately three
miles; hut If we were to seek the
Canadian zone not on mountain top
but on the coast, It would bo neces
sury for us to travel to Maine or Nova
Scotia. In other words, a Journey of
some l,t00 mlleo would be required to
rench conditions which are hero ills
tant but three altltudlnal miles.
"It follows, then, that one citn nctu
ally stand In a tropical Jungle, where
parrots, trogons, toucans, and other
equatorial birds are calling, from the
lluna-drapcd trees, und look upward to
forests of pines and spruce, where
crossbills, Juncos, pine siskins, and
evening grosbenks are among the com
mon permanent resident species,
"Later wo may ascend tho snows on
Orizaba to discover at approximately
what altitude the palms bf tho Tlerru
Cnljente give wny to the oaks of the
Tlerru Templada. to he In turn re-
niiimwi hv the somen of tho T erru
I'-lii i
,r
nitArvc. ANriFNT AIMO
Vjun.w. -
if Ani-ntt
MUUtKH
Do you regard cold cream us nn ul
tra-modern palliative?
Or pure food nnd drug laws as u com
paratively recent typo of legislation?
Or tho familiar "cure nil" us an up-
to-date quack device for the twentieth
century credulous?
You are wrong, according to the
statements contained in a communica
tion to the National Geographic socio-
ty from Dr. John A. Foote. A part of
the communication states:
"Most people nt some time or an
other use cold cream. It seems quite
a modern luxury. Indispensable alike
to peor and perl, und adapted to many
and varied uses. In fact, one traveler
tells recently of having some of his
cold cream eaten by a fnt hungry valet
In Germany. So we are Inclined to re
gard It as a fairly modern product.
And vet unguentuni reirigornns, conn
cream, has come down to us from Ro-
mnn days. Tho first formula is at
tributed to Gulen, who lived and wiote
in the second century. What we use
today Is practically the same, though
'Dr.' Galen's original formula was lni
Hated and 'Improved' huiu.icu.i of
times.
"limperor Frederick II. of Sicily, In
1240 or 1211, published the first puro
food nnd drugs act. He was about 700
years ahead of Dr. Wiley, for he speci
fied strict regulations of the standard
of drug purity, and provided for drug
I.. . .1 I ..II (V I .. ' ,
impei'iui , aim mien it 1 1 uih.-ihh.-i.-.. I
"The practice of medicine was also 1
regulated. A physician wns required
to have a diploma from a university
before he could study medicine; then
he took a three-year course In tho (
Mfiioui oi inciiiciue ami one yi-ur prui-- (
tiee under a practicing physician. Spe-
elal post graduate work- In anatomy
was required If he was to do surgery.
"AH this was In the so-called 'dark
ages.' Kvcn the fees or pnysicians
and pharmacists were strictly regulat
ed by law and were In purchasing val- 1
ue about the same as the charges of
the present duy. Physicians were not
allowed to own drug stores ntid drug
niliilterators were severely dealt with.
Mlthrudutlum was the name of the
great antidote of Uoman pharmacy.
It had from I0 to 50 vegetable ingredi
ents, few of which had any real me
dlcnii.l value except opium, und these
drugs were blended with honey.
It remained for Nero's physician,
Audromuehus, to put the finishing
touches to this wonderful compound.
indromachus added viper's flesh to tho
formula and culled his new compound
Theriucu. He wrote some verses dedi
cated to Nero, describing this medicine
and claiming virtues fin1 It which In
our day would subject him to prosecu
tlon. Evidently he believed he had
created In this one compound u veri
table phurmuccutlcul monopoly.
"Gnlen, one of the fathers of medi
cine, went even further. He recom
mended It us a cure for all poisons,
bites, headaches, vertigo, deafness,
epilepsy, apoplexy, dimness of sight.
loss of voice, asthma, coughs, spitting
of blood, tightness of breath, colic, the
Iliac passion (appendicitis), Jaundice,
hardening of the spleen, stone, fevers,
dropsy, leprosy, melancholy, all pesti
lences, etc. Nowadays he would prob
ably have Included coupon thumb, golf
shoulder and movie eye.
"As Galen's writings doiiilnatcd med
ical thought for over 1,500 years, It Is
not surprising that this advertisement
made Atlthrudatlum, or Therlacu, u
valued remedy. Every physician of
note for centuries afterward claimed
some improvement on tlto orlglnul for
mula."
SAGHALIEN: A LONG TIME
POLITICAL PERPLEXITY
The Island of Saghallen, recently
subject of dlploniutle correspondence
between the United States and Japan,
has been a political perplexity both
to Itussla and Japan for many years
Soon after the Pilgrim Fathers landed
on the east coast of North America, a
Japanese feudal baron dispatched an
agent to this far northern Island of
the group that swings south from hl-
berlu, at the mouth of the Amur, to
Formosa and Fuklen on the China
coast. Within twenty years after that
the Russians had landed on Sagha
llen.
The Japanese subsequently made
several trips of Inspection but a small
handful of Russian colonists remained
and today the majority of the perma
nent inhabitants of Saghallen are Rus
sian, while to the Japanese it Is lit
tle more than u summer llshlng re-.
sort.
In 18.13 Russln sent nn nmbassador
to Nagaskl anil n band of troops to
Saghallen. While the ambassudor
conducted negotiations the troops built
n fortress but, after repeated attempts,
the boundary question was still un
settled.
Dy 1S75 the sen-going Japanese gave
up ull rights In Saghallen to the Rus
sians In return for full rights In the
Kurlle Islands nnd this condition of
nlTalrs continued until tho Treaty of
Portsmouth which gave southern Sag
hallen, up to the fiftieth parallel, to
Japan.
Japanese Saghallen has little agri
cultural land but hns largo forests of
both deciduous and evergreen trees,
amounting to more than 8,000.000
acres. Japanese paper mills nre sit
uated in Otomarl nnd elsewhere and
nn effort Is being made to develop tho
pupermuklng Industry.
Dut It Is on fishing thnt the ma
Jorlty of the Japanese Inhabitants de
pond for a living. As soon ns the sum
mer season is over uw nsuermeu mi
grille lO UlU wuiiuiriu minima m uiijniu
for tho winter. .nauKti, on me west
coast or Mugunueii. is me cvmer in
,i,-,.i, .ulw.rlna nml much of lio
I k " v." ' - - -
,. ,1,,,.., nnnonmpil In the Far East
comes from this .little town. A post
road connects Mnuka with Toyohara,
which is tho capital of Karafuto. tho
name which the Japanese have given
to the southern part of Saghallen.
Saghallen has less than sixty miles
of railway and white, red or blue lines
are painted across tho windows of tho
ears to prevent tho people from trying
to stick tlyjtr heads through the glass.
The average annual temperature of
Saghallen Is near the freezing point
and If the Japanese nre ever to
colonize the Island they will have to
change their methods of dressing and
building.
Karafuto bus much coal and there
Is considerable gold, but In the past
the Russian residents have largely con
fined their efforts to farming and the
Japanese to fishing.
Saghallen has not been developed to
any great extent, but what natural de
velopment has tnken place has been
done more by the Russlnn exiles whose
permanent homes were there than by
the Japanese whose llshlng camps nnd
trading centers have dotted the shore
line.
Scene in
rfatl Path $e'rve
Ion national park, in Utah, has
The Illustration shows the entrance to
Deck view of the Spunlsh warship
when the wnr with Spain began. The
Ready to Try Niagara Falls Again
If he Is ottered sufficient money,
dovll, may again undertake to shoot the
the steel barrel In which he performed
which he is sitting In tho photograph.
Army of Occupation's First Baby
Mrs. Carl R. Perkins, wlfo of Captain Perkins, United Stntes army, nnd
their baby, Mary Catherine, who has tho distinction of being tho first Amer
ican baby born with tho army of occupation In Germany. Mrs. Perkins hns
been In Germany for more than a year. Her homo Is In Leavenworth, Knn.
the New Zion National Park
Just been formally dedicated and Is sure
Zion canyon. In the purk.
First Spanish Warship Here Since 1898
Alfonso XIII. the llrst Spanish warship
vessel Is lying In the North river at
Dobby Leuch, tho flfty-nlne-ycar-old dare-
Niagara Falls. He says he mny use
the stunt on July 25, 1011, nnd on
to attract many tourists next season.
to arrive on these shores since 1808,
New York.
HIS DAILY STUNT
In order to preserve the delicate
meteorological Instruments on tho
dome of the federal building In Chi
cago from the effects of weather and
to insure their operation at all times.
It Ls necessary for them to be cleaned
nnd oiled every dny, especially In the
case of the revolving wind recorder,
which surmounts the top of the steel
pole on the highest point of the dome.
Tho top of this polo Is nbout 300 feet
high. To nttond to this work, Harry
Rrostoff, wearing a gas mnsk, has to
climb the pole by means of steel
ladder every morning In nil kinds of
weather. This task Is particularly
dllllcuit and hazardous on stormy or
windy days.
ONLY ARMLESS AVIATOR
L. C. Thornton of Fresno. Cul., W;
tho only armless aviator In tho world.
Despite handicap ho can dress him
self, drive Ills own automobile, und ho.
hns Just graduated from a California
Hying school. i