NOKTTT PTiATTF. F5FiATT-W,F.TT,V TTHKTTNFj
CATERPILLAR I
CABBAGEENEMY
Imported Butterfly Is Most De
structve of Many Insects
and Other Pests.
IS WELL KNOWN TO FARMERS
Frequently Secretes Itself In Immature
Heads Where It Is Difficult to
Reach With Insecticides
Sometimes Attacks 'Heart.
The most destructive of tho many
Insects mid other eneiiiles of the .cab
liage family. Is the caterpillar of the
imported cabbage butterfly, sometimes
called the white butterfly, n familiar
object to nearly everyone. This Is tho
Imported cabbage worm, and Is well
known to farmers throughout this
country nud Europe as well, nnd the
"butterlly Is generally recognized as
the parent of the worms.
Bane of Growers.
This cabbage worm has been right
Uy termed the bane of the cabbage
grower and the dread of every care
ful coolc and housewife. It begins
Imported Cabbage Butterfly.
work early In the season; tho princi
pal diimuge Is therefore to young
plants, and accrues through the neces
sity of replanting, with attendant .In
crease In cost of production, due to
uuldltlonal labor, cost of stock, and de
lay In getting the early or better
prices in the market. After riddling
the outer leaves, which remain after
wards attached to the stalk, the enter
pillar attacks the tender inner leaves
jis they form, frequently secreting It
self In the Immature heads, where
It Is difficult to reach It with
Insecticides, nnd rendering the cab
1age unfit for food because of the
.abundant dark green excrement which
it deposits. As a result, cabbages be
fore being sent to market must be ox
.ninlned carefully nnd the damnged
'leaves removed.
Look for Concealed Worms.
Before cooking It is frequently nec
essary to tear tho heads apart to In
sure thnt no disgusting worms are con
cealed within, and even nftcr the
-vegetable Is prepared for the table
there I danger of nn admixture of
animal matter with the vegetable food.
Tn cool weather the caterpillar often
feeds freely exposed on the surface of
tho leaves in the sunshine.
Frequently the caterpillar bores
Into the ccntor of the cabbage, attack
ing what Is commonly known ns the
"'heart." and then the entire head is
worthless for market.
'ESTIMATE PLACED ON BEANS
(Acreage of 800,000 Expected to Yield
8,250,000 Bushels Below That
of Last Year.
The bean crop of the United States
'Inst year was about 12,000.000 bush
els. While only about three-fifths ns
large as the crop grown on the ex
ceptionally large acreage of 1918 and
1017. the 1010 crop was almost equal
1o the crops of 1014 to 1010, which
averaged between 12,000.000 and -13,-000,000
bushels. The planting ns now
Indlcnted about 800,000 acres with
j yield equal to the average of the
lost live years would produce a crop
of 8,250,000 bushels.
IDELICIOUS CHRISTMAS SALAD
Endive Is Hardy and Can Stand Right
Smart Freeze Bitter Taste Re
moved by Bleaching.
Endive is quite hnrdy and can stand
.a smart freeze. As winter comes on
more covering can be added and the
family will lie supplied with the most
delicious salad until Christmas or
Inter If It is carefully hilled and cov
ered so ns to turn the rain. This
'bleaching process not only Insures
tenderness, but takes out that bitter
taste which Is so objectionnble to
ninny.
iPROPER STORAGE OF ONIONS
Diseases Can Be Controlled by Prac
tice of Sanitary Measures and
Right Packing.
In general, storage diseases of
-onions nre to be controlled by the
practice of sanitary measures, tho
sorting out of" diseased bulbs ut har
vest, protection from liiln after har
vest, thorough curing nnd storage In
.n dry, well-ventilated warehouse ut
32 to an degrees F.
GOOD KIND OF ADVERTISING
Neatly Worded Letterhead Is Favored
by Progressive Farmer Farm
Name Important.
A nent well-worded letterhead Is a
good kind of advertising for the pro
gressive farmer. The name of the
farm Is the big feature of the well
planned letterhead, the chlof product
second, and the runners" twine uuru in
Importance.
ACREAGE OF ALFALFA
LARGEST OF LEGUMES
Greater Than That o Any Other
Plant Cut for Hay.
Significant Fact That More Than Ono
Half of Tame Hay Area Now De
voted to Nutritive 'and Soli.
. Improving Crops.
Alfalfa now hns nn acreage, greater
than that of any other legume or grans
cut for hay, not growing In combina
tion with another. Of tho total tame
hay acreage In 1010, alfalfa occupied
21.1 per cent, timothy nnd clover
mixed 18.2 per cent, timothy lfi.O per
cent, clover 12.a per cent, pen 8.7 per
cent, grain cut green, 7.7 per, cent, and
nil others 10.1 per cent. If the ncrenge
of the timothy nnd clover mixture Is
eqnnlly divided between those two
plants, the timothy ncrengo becomes
25 per cent of the totnl of tame hay
ncrenge. "and clover 21.4 per cent, so
that timothy Is still, the leading hay
plant and the clovers have second
place, n little above alfalfa.
The leguminous plants, alfalfa,
clover, one-half of clover and timothy,
and pen are 01.2 per cent of the tamo
hay area, and It Is n significant fact
that more than one-hnlf of the tnmo
hay acreage Is now devoted to plnnts
of the nutritive nnd soil Improving
properties of tlie le,7umes, whereas,
ten years ago, as the census testifies,
hardly one-third of the tame hay area
was leguminous. This compnr.son
has been established by the bureau of
crop estimates.
KILL OUT CANADA THISTLES
Small Patches of Noxious Plant May
Be Destroyed by Cutting Them
Off During Summer.
Small pn relics of Cannda thistles
may be killed by cutting them off with
a hoe or spadq several times during
the summer or by covering the patch
with tnr paper or building paper and
leaving It In place several weeks. To
handle larger fields without losing n
crop It is necessary to grow some early
maturing crop, like clover, winter rye
or barley.
As soon ns the crop is harvested,
plow the land very thoroughly and
Canada Thist.e.
then for the balance of the seasou
keep the land so well disked nnd cul
tlvated that the thistles never hnvo a
chance to show their 'eaves nbove
cround. This Is the only way In
which the roots can he starved out
The cultivation may be continued tho
following season Until about corn
planting time, and the land planted to
corn or other cultivated crop so that
any plants that may have survived can
be killed or dug out.
ADVANTAGE OF CATCH CROPS
Too Late for Planting Good Yielding
Variety of Corn Sudan Grass
Meets Emergency.
It Is now too late to plant n good
yielding variety of corn, and resort
must be made to such catch crops as
Sudan grass, sorghum and millet. Of
these three, sorghum will give the
greatest yield, but Sudnn grass yields
a finer qunllty of hay and can be
stored to better advantage In the
stnek or bam.
EXCELLENT CROPS FOR HOGS
Alfalfi and Clover Are Favored
Valuable Pasture for All Corn
Fed Live Stock.
as
Alfnlfa and clover nre hoth rich In
protein, an element likely to be Inck
Ing In most of our farm feeds.1 It Is
for this reason both are so valuable
as pasture for corn-fed nnlmals. espe
clallv hogs. Another good hog pas
ture plant, which Is not used nenrly
so much ns it should be. Is rape.
KEEP ALL GARDENS WORKING
Do Not Stop atProduclng Spring and
Summer Vegetables, But Get
Supply for Winter. '
Ileal gardeners will not stop nt pro
ducing n crop of spring nnd summer
vegetables, but will follow up the good
work with a fresh supply for fall use.
To make the garden more 'ner.rly ef
ficient, do not permit good land to
stand Idle, so that fresh vegetables
have to be bought from market the
latter part of the season.
ROAD
BUILDING
PACIFIC QOAST GOOD ROADS
Interest Centers Particularly In High
way Extending From California
to Washington.
(By HEItnnnT NUNN, bx'tta Ilinhway
Engineer of Oregon.)
The Pnclflc coast Is particularly In
terested In our national highway ; that
Is the Pacific coast highway extcndlnR
from Cnllforuln to Oregon nnd Wnsh-
Ington. This when completed will have
approximate length of some 1,400
miles, nnd the large part of It Is now
completed or Hearing completion.
Mr. Fletcher of California stntcd to
me that his state had completed 525
miles, extending from Los Angeles
north to Sacramento, and we are now
under contract to complete the road.
Oregon now has under contract on this
rond some 400 miles of construction,
nil of which will be completed by tho
middle of next year. 200 miles of which
will be pnved and the rest macadam
or gravel. Washington has completed
this rond to Seattle, nnd next year Its
entire length will ho complete.
I am unable to say at this time Just
how much money was expended dur
ing the year 1010 In the three states,
but In Oregon npproxlmntely $7,000.
000 was expended. The three states,
however, are pretty well fixed flnnn
dally. California has a new bond Issue for
$40,000,000 und previously hns ex
pended some $33,000,000. Oregon hns
some $32,000,000 nvallohle nnd roads
to cost $10,000,000 to $20,000,000 under
construction. Washington has less
money. They fnlled to carry the bond
Issue there this year, but have between
$8,000,000 nnd $9,000,000 available for
next year.
The eastern connections with the Pa
cific highway are the Santa Fe trail,
the Lincoln highway, nnd the Midland
road. I think the Snntn Fe In pretty
well cared for. It connects with south
ern California. In Oregon we nre con
necting with the southern highway
and with the Columbia river highway.
Labor conditions on the Pnclflc const
nre about the same ns In the East.
Improved Road In Oregon.
The pay Is about $4.00 with $7.50 for
teams. We don't expect better labor
conditions next year. Mnterlal condi
tions are better. In Oregon we hnve
sufficient local materlnl and don't re
quire much rail transportation. Wash
ington IfS fixed similarly. So Is north
ern California: Southern Callfornln Is
In worse condition ns to transporta
tion. "
MOTORTRUCK
!S
INSISTENT
War Brought It Into Prominence as
Commercially Practical Form of
Transportation.
The vnlue of the motortruck ns an
the war, sprang Into prominence ns a
commercially practical form of trans
portation nnd while the fighting has
ceased, the need for the motortruck re
mains with us, more Insistent than
ever before. Within certnln limitations
the freight car of the highway Is more
efficient than the rail carrier, and, be
cause It Is, It may be taken as a per
manent form of transportation nnd one
destined' to have a large Influence on
the movements of trade In the future.
PUSH GOOD ROADS BUILDING
Construction Work Retarded by War
Should Now Be Resumed to Fa
cllitate Transportation.
Good roads construction retnrded
by the war should now be pushed vlg
orously and nothing should bo per
mitted to Interfere with tho expnnslon
nnd development of these Important
arteries of transportation nnd trade
which can serve to materially reduce
high- living costs by facilitating the
movement of foodstuffs from the farm
to tho table.
Significant Auto Fact.
Observers are said to regard It as
significant that the stat'es which will
spend most freely for better highways
and which manufacturers depend upon
to buy tho most motortrucks In 1020
are slates In which farming la the
predominant occupation.
Value of Motortruck,
The value of the motortruck ns an
uld in marketing farm products Is now
well established. In bringing this
about Improved roads have been an
essential factor.
FARM
POULTRY
BREAK FOWL OF BROODINESS
Hen Should Be Confined to Small Coop
Raised Off Ground, Preferably
With Slat Bottom.
When hens becoma broody, they
should bo "broken up" ns quickly ns
possible, for the sootier this Is done
tho sooner they will resume laying.
To brclik a hen of broodlness she
should io confined to a small coop
raised off the ground, preferably with
a slat bottom. Give her plenty of wa
ter to drink; she may bo fed or not,
as desired. Not much difference will
be found In tlio-tlnio required to break
her of bloodiness, whether she Is fed
or made to fast, United States depart
ment of agriculture poultry specialists
say. Usually from three to six days'
confinement will brenk her, but some
hens require 10 to 12 drtys.
The broody hen will bo recognized
by her Inclination to stay on the nest
nt night, the rullllng of her fenthers and
her picking nt anyone who approaches
her, and by the clucking noise she
makes. The fact that her broodlness
has been broken up can be recognized
by the disappearance of these symp
toms.
POULTRY FOR GENERAL FARM
Hen Is Main Dependence for Increas
ing Meat Supply Farmer Must
Determine for Himself,
The hen, first nnd Inst, Is tho inaln
lependeneo for Increasing the supply
pf white meat and eggs on n fnnn, but
she requires tho uld of turkeys,
guineas, geese, nnd ducks Just na, on n
dairy. farm, the cow reiftllres the aid
of pigs, sheep, and goats. The setting
of the standard at 100 hens per farm
Is safe, but no such arbitrary stand
ard can be set for the other kinds of
poultry, way tho poultry specialists of
the United States department of ag
riculture.
Tho small farm, with grain fields of
neighboring farms In proximity to the
barn and doorynrd, would, perhaps, bo
better without turkeys. Tho farm
through which no streams run and
which has no lurge pond would per-
haps be better without ducks. But
the circumscribed farm on which tur
keys would be n disadvantage may be
well supplied with streams nnd ponds
so thnt ducks would bo unusually
profitable, and the farm that has no
streams and ponds may have largo
range for turkeys. Each farm family
will hnve to determine for Itself what
X24?
Barred
Plymoutn
for Eggs
Rock Is Excellent
and Meat.
poultry can be profitably kept In ad
dition tn 100 hens, bearing In mind
always that an adequate number
should be kept of all kinds for which
freo range can bo found.
FOOD SUPPLY FOR CHICKENS
Mineral, Nitrogenous and Carbon
aceous Constituents Should Be
Furnished for Hens.
In supplying feed to fowls, thero nro
three kinds of constituents which
should be present in certnln fnlrly well
fixed proportions If the desired results
are to bo obtained most economically.
These constituents are mineral, ni
trogenous, nnd carbonaceous, nil of
which are contnlncd In corn, wheat,
oats, and bnrley, but not In the right
proportions to give the grentcst egg
yield. In nddltlon, souk? nnlinnl feed
and green feed should bo supplied.
United States Department of Agrlcul
ture.
Keep the nests clean; provide ono
nest for every four hens.
Chicken mites are ono of the causes
of the high cost of eggs.
A fine thing for warm weather
either skimmilk or buttermilk.
Is
Sell, kill or confine nil male birds
as soon as the hatching beason Is
over.
A good cockerel gonernlly Is worth
all the cost and n ioor bird Is dear
at any price. y
If you do not care about having
meat for tho table and want chickens
for eggs only, chooso the White Leg'
horns or Ancontis.
It Is n good plan to give the poultry
house a good coat of whitewash nt
least once a year; sometimes It will
be advisable to whitewash It twice u
MM
DOEWNOIC
W ii ' mm- n
yeor, full and spring.
"WASHINGTON
SIDELIGHTS
Secretary Payne Eager to Develop Alaska
WASHINGTON. Secretary of the
Interior John Unrton Pnyno has
made the development of Alaskan re
sources one of tho chief purposes of
his administration nnd is now making
a trip to the peninsula. Accompany
lug him Is Dr. Alfred II. Urooks of
the geological survey, who was chair
man of nn Interdepartmental Alaskan
advisory committee nppolnted by See
retnry Payne in April, which recently
made n report recommending various
steps for the bettering of conditions
In Alaska, with a view to the develop
ment of large natural resources.
Secretary of tho Navy Daniels
Joined Secretary Payne nnd Dr.
Hrooks nt Seattle. Secretary Daniels
is Interested In the question of the de
velopment of coal resources of Alaska
ns a means of furnishing a supply for
the navy.
Other members of tho Alaskan ad
To Sort Out Government Departments
THU Joint committee proposed for
the tturnose of forward I m? Hie riv
organization of the ndmlnlstrntlve
branch of the government Is to have
considerable leeway In Its work. The
Joint resolution Is In substance ns fol
lows :
"Hesolved, etc.. Thnt a Joint com
mittee Is crented, to be known ns the
Joint committee on reorganization.
which shall consist of three members
of the senate to be appointed by tho
president thereof nnd three members
of the house of representatives to be
appointed by tho speaker thereof.
"Thnt It shall be the duty of the
Joint committee on reorganization in-
make a survey of the administrative
services of the government for the
purpose of securing all pertinent fncts
concerning their powers nnd duties,
their distribution among the several
executlvo departments, and their over
lapping nnd duplication of authority;'
also to determine what redistribution
of activities should be made among
the several services, with u view to
the proper correlation of tho same, and
what departmental regrouping of serv
ices should be madoj so that each ex
ecutive department shall embrace only
services having closie working relation
with ench other and ministering di
rectly to the primary purpose for
which the same are maintained und
operated, to the end thnt there Shall
Farmers Resent Being Classed as Boobs
Ltvs fix-rtv ratce
MANY u member of congress was
emphatic If not eloquent over tho
farmer, his life, his crops and his al
leged right to organize for his own
protection nnd benefit. Itepresontu
tlvo Luyton of Dclnwaro, for exam
ple, had this to say about the farm
er fixing tho price of his crops:
"IHtherto, whatever tho farmer
grew some other power fixed the price
of his crops. The commission mer
chant ' robbed him mid the retailer
profited selfishly from him. On the
other hand, when ho went to market
to buy himself tho things he needed
the merchant fixed the price of the
things the fnnner bought and the man
ufacturer that of his plows, his har
rows, his mowers, nnd his reapers,
and every Implement that he em
One of Reasons Why H; C. L. Waxes Fat
TIII3UE seems to bo no question that
one of the remedies for II. O, L.
Is bettor distributing methods, any
way. Representative Summers" of
Washington told this story In the
house Just before congress ndjourned :
"A bright young lnd, the son of a
well-known lawyer of White Salmon,
n town of my district, was on his way
home from school and stopped In at
his father's nlllce.
"'Say, Dad,' he said, 'why ore they
bringing In White Salmon tomatoes
on tho Portlnnd, Ore,, steamboat?'
"'Well, well,' said tho lawyer,, proud
of his son's perspicuity, 'that Is pecu
liar. Let us go down and see about
It,' and off they strolled to Investigate.
"At tho dinner ttibln that night the
result of their Investigation was re
ported to tho family and here Is the
Ktory In brief:
Kino, big half-ripe tomatoes, grown
within n quarter of n mile of White
Salmon, had been picked mid packed
In crates, sold to a commission agent
In White Salmon, hauled down to the
commission warehouse, re-sold to a
ymimlsslon houso In Portland, 100
visory committee serving with Ir,
UrookK wort II. Y. Saint of tho ship
ping board; Otto Pracger, second as
sistant postmaster general, and 1J. A.
Sherman of the department of ng?.
culture. The revonitnendntlons of the
commltte - Include the following:
Lowering of ocnin freight nnd pas
senger rates mid Improvement of
trnnsportntlon nnd mull servlco
through economies Introduced by to
combination of two existing steam
ship lines Into one.
Concentration nnd co-ordination of
federal control of Alaskan lands and
resources by obtnlnlng leglslntlvc au
thority for nn Alaskan development
board and, pending this, by the np
polntmeiit of nn lntorrtetnrtnientnl
Alaskan committee.
Co-ordination of federal rond con
struction, nnd the development of i
plan for n comprehensive system of
toads nnd trails to serve tire entire
territory; also the requesting of nnnn
proprlntlnn of nt least $1,000,000 for
the Inauguration of this system.
Investigation of the eomrrrcrclnl
feasibility of smelting Alaskan copper
ores within the territory.
The Immediate development of nn
Alaskan pulp wood Industry nnd addi
tional surveys of timber und water
power, looking to the largest possible
development of this Industry.
be achieved the largest possible meas
ure of elllelency and economy In tho
conduct of government business.
"That tin committee shall from
time to time report to both the sen
ate and the house of representatives
the results of Its Inquiries, together
with Its recommendations, utid shall
prepare and submit bills or resolutions
having for their purpose the co-ordination
of government functions mid
their most elllclent and economical
conduct, and the final report of said
committee shall be submitted not In
ter than the second Monday In Decem
ber, W22,"
The olllcers nnd employees of all
administrative services of the govern
ment are required to furnish to the
committee such Information regarding
powers, duties, activities, or.nnl'.utlon
mid methods of business ns the com
mit tee may from tlmo to time re
quire. ployed on his farm. And so with his
fertilizer. Everything he bought ho
had to pny a price fixed In ndvhnco
by some one eMe,.
"Everything he sold of hlsown pro
duction some one else fixed tho prlco
which tho. farmer was compelled to
take, tlni price fixed by another than
himself. V
"Tlio time has gone by when tho
farmer will be content with a stato
of affairs In which the vnlue of. the
productions of his Inbor shall bo de
termined by other people, while ha
himself takes the price ns fixed by
others. IIo Is no longer content to be
put In the class of boobs, to bo looked
down upon as of the menial class of our
national life, a man fit only for rais
ing the foodstuff and the material for
clothing. ,
"And I venture to predict, Mr.
Speaker, that If the tlmo ever conies
In our national life when the farmer
Is regarded as a lower order of man,
If he Is looked upon ns worthy mere
ly of n contemptuous consideration,
mid carelessly esteemed as a factor
In our national life and stability, that
tlmo will mark tho hour when this 1
nation begins Its downward course to
extinction."
miles down the -Columbia river. They
were then hauled down to tho dock,
loaded onto the boat and shipped to
Portland, where they were unloaded,
hauled to a warehouse, re-sold to a
merchant In White Salmon, hauled
from the warehouse back to tho boat,
loaded thereon, shipped to White Sal
man, unloaded, hauled to the mer
chant's store and from there delivered
to White Salmon homes at fancy
prices. The family had somo of the.
very same tomatoes on the tnblo that
evening, but the good housewife, when
she heard their history, said: 'Never
again, I'll send down to the gardens
next tlmo.'"
