f
NORTH PLATTE REMT-WTCTCKTiY TIUTUTVP.
V
FAVOR PROJECTS
FOR GOOD ROADS
Remarkable Increase Shown in
Statement Issued by Bureau
of Public Roads.
MANY AGREEMENTS EXECUTED
Sreat Reduction Made In Time for
Preliminary Work Before Actual
Construction la Begun Few
Projects Completed.
The remarkable rnto nt which the
number of federal-aid rond-bulldtng
projects hns Increused since the wnr
Is shown In u summary relating to nil
such work from September 30, 1010,
so April 80, 1020, which lmH been pre
pared by the bureau of public ronds,
Vntted Stntes department of agricul
ture. On the Inter dnte the states had
tiled with the bureau 2,885 project
statements of which 2,700 had been
-approved, representing 27,700 miles of
highway.
"Work In Progress.
Up to May 1 of this year 1,074 proj
ects had proceeded" to the stage nt
which plans, specifications, and esti
mates had been delivered to the bu
reau of public roads. The plans, speci
fications and estimates of 1,827 of
these had been recommended for ap
proval, representing 155,845 miles. ProJ
ct agreements had nctually been exe
cuted and construction work was In
progress on 1,609 projects, totnlllng
11,087 miles. In addition, work had
been begun on about 100 projects for
which agreements had not nctually
een digued, thus expediting the prog
ress of the work nnd bringing the to
tal mileage under construction up to
13,540. The summary shows that a
jireat reduction hns been made In the
1lme required for preliminary work be
fore actual construction Is begun.
Agreements Made.
On the average the states have sub
mitted project statements for nearly
315 per cent of their respective allot
ments and have entered Into agree
ment to construct highways which call
for about one-half of their federal-aid
money. The projects actually com--pleted
and paid for are comparatively
.few, but they are materially exceeded
In -lumber by those which are practl
ently completed. California, Delaware,
Illinois, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minne
sota. Nebraska, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Uhode Island, Utah,
"Washington. West Virginia and Wyo
jming have each submitted, approved
project statements for all or nearly all
nf their allotments.
iPROTECTION FOR WATER PAN
Slatted Cage Attached to Wall
High Enough to Keep Out
Fowls' Scratchlngs.
I
Is
To protect the water pan In the
poultry house or outdoors, make a
cage with a hinged top, as shown,
The fowls can readily reach Inside
mid get a drink, and as the cage Is
fastened to the wall, several Inches
Water Pan Protected.
from the tloor, there is little danger
of having dirt scratched Into the. pan
writes li. Frank Boyer In Farm Jour
mil. When placed outdoors, the top
of the cage protects the water from
the rays of the sun.
COLORADO BEETLE BAD PEST
Insects May Be Killed by Spraying
With Strong Solution of Bordeaux
Mixture.
The Cplorado potato beetle Is the
worst pest which potato growers have
to tight. They may be killed by spray
ing with a strong arsenic such as parls
green, using nt the rate of half pound
to BO gallons of bordeaux mixture,
IN MAKING BEET-TOP SILAGE
Same. Fundamental Factors Involved
as With Corn Thorough Pack
Ing Is Required,
The fundamental factors that are In
volved In making good corn silage also
-ntmlv In makltiK-beet-top sllngc. Pack
the mass thoroughly to exclude tho
fiw air and then snl tight. Good
silage requires thorough packing.
MOISTURE INJURIOUS TO HAY
It Should Not Be Raked, Bunched o
Put Into Stacks While It It Wet
With DevV or Rain.
The hay maker must over keep In
mind that hay Is always more likely
to be Injured by moisture that Is on
it than by moisture that is in It
'M here fore It whould not be raked.
bunched or put Into stneks when It Is
wet with dew or ruin.
ONE DIP NOT ENOUGH
TO CURE SHEEP SCAB
One Reason Is That All Eggs
Have Not Been Killed.
Important That Second Treatment Ba
Made Before Mites Which May
Hatch Out Have Had Chance
to Deposit More Eggs.
A single dipping usually falls to rid
n Hock of sheep from scab, according
to findings of specialists of tho United
States department of agriculture re
ported In Farmers' Bulletin 713.
The apparent reason Is either that
nil the females In the course of de
positing eggs, at which time they ap
pear especially tenacious of life, or all
the egg nlready deposited have not
been destroyed by the dipping; conse
quently, after the eggs which may
have escaped tho llrst dipping havo
had an opportunity to complete their
incubation, it is essential to dip tho
sheep again.
It Is also essential that the second
dipping take place before any mites
which may hatch out after the first
Dipping Sheep in Cement Vat.
dipping liave had time to become ma
ture and deposit more eggs. As the
eggs on the body of tho host usually
require 4 days' Incubation, sometimes
a week, and probably never more than
10 days, and as 10 to 12 days are nec
essary for the young mites after hatch
ing to grow to maturity, mate, and de
posit their eggs, it would appear that
the best time for the second dlpinng
Is about 10 days after the first, as all
the eggs will have hatched, while praC'
tlcally none of the new generation of
mites will have developed sulllclently
to deposit eggs. Practical experience
has shown that the second dipping
may be delayed until the fourteenth
day without unfavorably nffeCtlng tho
results of the treatment, but wherever
possible It is preferable to follow tho
10-day rule.
Copies of Bulletin 7111 will be fur
nished, tipon request, by the depart
tuent at Washington, D. C.
PLANTING ENDIVE IN AUGUST
Is King of Winter Salads and Thero
Is Plenty of Room at This
Time of Year.
Ordinary endive Is the king of all
winter salads that are In reach of tho
ordlnnry gardener. It should be plant
ed from the first to the middle of
August. The green curled varieties
are best. There Is always plenty of
room In the gnrdens nt this time of
year, therefore sow the rows wldo
enough apart to allow banking with
earth. Thin the plnnts to stand about
four Inches apart. Having It that
close, together will not produce largo
heads, but they will be finer In tex
ture and more tender.
Bv the time the llrst freeze Is ex
pected this will be a hedgerow. Lift
the outer leaves, pirsslng boards
against the sides of the row nnd hold
them In place" with stakes. Leave it
until In danger from freezing weather,
then draw earth against the boarda
and add straw covering.
GETTING RID OF QUACK GRASS
Three-Year Crop Rotation, Including
Grain, Clover and Corn, Is Ex
cellent Plan.
A three-year crop rotation small
grain, clover nnd corn nnd n two-
yenr-crop rotation corn nnd rye or
early potatoes and ryt also afford
an excellent opportunity for getting
rid of quack grass. Extra expense
required by extra tillage will In most
cases be largely made up by increased
yields.
INVESTING IN FOREST CROP
Less Actual, Cash Called for Than In
Any Other Form of Enterprise
on Many Farms.
A forest crop calls for less actual
outlay of cash In proportion to tho
final Income than any other form of
enterprise. An Investment of $10 to
Sift an acre, with a small nnnunl
carrying charge, In 40 to f0 years will
produce a return equivalent to from
4 to 0 per cent compound Interest for
the period Involved.
CAPS GIVE GOOD PROTECTION
Weights to Hold Down Covers on Hay
Crop Can Be Made of Concrete
How They Are Made.
To secure sweet, mold-free liny, cov
er the haycocks with a canvas or mus
lin cover, flood weights to hold down
the covers can be made of concrete.
Mix one part cement to two parts
sand ; mold them like doughnuts or
cakes, embed a galvanized wire loop
In each, and set them Inside In a damp
place for seven days before using.
m
A TTTM
THE
ROUGHAGE AIDS FAMOUS COW
Helen Ullkje Calamity Gained In Milk
Production When Switched From
Grain Ration.
When Helen Ullkje Calamity 145857
was switched from a grain to a purely
roughngo ration, It was thought that
she might object to this change of
diet nnd drop off In mill; production,
but she didn't In fact, this cow actu
idly Increased her flow of milk and
surpassed any of her previous years'
production records by more thuu 2,400
pounds of milk.
Helen, who comes of a good old fam
ily, nnd Is n granddaughter of Home
stead Girl De Kol Sarcastic Lad, was
sent by the dairy division of the Unit
ed States department of agriculture
from Beltsvllle, Md., to Huntley, Mont,
In May. 1018. When she freshened on
Juno 21 It was decided to run her on a
scmlolllelnl yenrly test without any
grain in her ration.
Her ration consisted entirely of al
falfa hay, silage, and pasture, and sho
was milked three times a day. The al
falfa hay was-of fine quality, and most
of tho silnge was corn silage, although
she received n little sunflower silage
in December, January and February.
The pasture was an Irrigated tame-
grass mixture nnd was of good qual
ity. At fnur venrs of aire Helen had pro
duced at Beltsvllle 11,470.0 pounds' of
milk, 3S2.05 pounds of butterfnt, on
two dally mllklngs, nnd a grain, hay
and silage ration. Again, at six years
of age she produced 11,778.2 pounds
of milk, '388.29 pounds of fat on two
mllklngs nnd n grain, hay and silage
ration. She was eight years and three
months old when the test on roughngo
alone begnn, nnd hcrs production for a
year on that feed was 14,210.1 pounds
of milk and 470.24 pounds of fat.
Helen Is now being run on a sec
ond test, three mllklngs u day, with
the same roughage but with a grain
mixture in addition. She has milked
as high ns 01 pounds a day, and prom
ises to Increase considerably her rec
ord made on roughage nlone. The
dniry division, in co-operation with the
Montana experiment station, will run
other cows on roughage alone, and
Cows and Corn A Good Combination
in Profitable Dairying.
also on roughage and grain, nt the
Huntley experiment farm, to nscertaln
the maximum producing ability of good
cows when they are fed on good
roughage only, with access to pasture,
and nlso when they are given grain
In nddltlon to the roughage and pas
ture. RIGHT CARE OF COW'S TEATS
One of Most Delicate and Troublesome
Parts of Animal's Anatomy
Influences Milk Flow.
One of the most delicate and trou
blesome parts of n cow's anatomy Is
the teat, and the keeping of this right
hns a lot to do with the mllk-yleldlng
part of the cow. The cow is kept to
produce milk, nnd the tent Is, as It
wore, the "neck" through which It
must pnss, nnd the condition of tho
tent must very much influence both
the quantity and the qunllty of tho
yield.
SUMMER ATTENTION TO COWS
Fly Aggravation Can Be Reduced by
Keeping Animals In Stable During
Heat of Day.
Keeping cows In n cool darkened
stable during the heat of tho day and
turning them out to pasture nt nlghtf
will tend to reduce the fly uggrnva
tlon. All stable doors and window?
should be screened, nnd manure
which Is the breeding nluce of flips
should be kept cleaned away and
either scattered over the fields or ke
ipt
In a place where It can be screened
DESIRABLE TASTE TO BUTTER
Important That Utmost Care Be Taken
In Production and Ripening
of Cream,
miner made from sweet cream has
rather a flat tnslo and Isn't dcslrabl
on that account In order to obtain
this clean, sour flavor In the ereani It
Is Important that extreme care should
no iiiKPn in tne producing and ripe
lug of the same.
BETTER
HIGHWAYS
WAR "T. N. T." AIDS HIGHWAYS
High Explosive Allotted Bureau of
Public Roads for Use In Road
Construction.
Trlnltrotoluciie Is Its proper scien
tific name, but the human tongue has
Its limitations, and so this much-
talkcd-of explosive Is generally known
by Its abbreviation, "T. tf. T." It Is a
pale yellow crystalline substance much
used In tho Into wnr to furnish the
explosive element for shells, bombs,
nnd the depth bombs, which did so
much to check the submarine activ
ities. Tho sudden collapse of the German
resistance found the United Stntes
government with it largo supply of T.
Surfaced Shell Road In Eastern Texas.
N. T. on hand which It was not advis
able to store. The bureau of mines
demonstrated by experiment that this
T. N. T. could be used for Industrial
purposes, and allotments from the war
department's stock were assigned to
tho department of the Interior for uso
in the reclamation service, national
pnrks service, Indian service, Alaskan
engineering commission, and to the de
partment of agriculture for use In
road construction work supervised by
the bureau of public roads.
The value of T. N. T. In road-build-
ing operations has been fully "demon
strated, and the bureau of public roads
hns published a circular to describe Its
characteristics, and to furnish direc
tions for use of the explosive In place
of dynamite for blasting, ditch digging.
and rock breaking. As a general rule.
T. N. T. may be used for any purpose
to which dynnmlto may be put. It Is
safe to handle; does not cause "dy
namite headaches" as readily as the
commercial explosive, nnd Is a trifle
more powerful than low-percentage dy
namite. JOHNSON LAUDS GOOD ROADS
California Statesman Says Improved
Highways Have Helped to De
velop His State.
Senator Illram Johnson of Califor
nia, In speaking of the necessity of
improved highways in the Unltet!
States recently said:
"We have had a great object les
son of the value of good roads In the
paved hlghwnys of my own state
California. They have been a great
factor In the development of the state,
opening up regions which hitherto
were Inaccessible nnd adding to the
prosperity of all. The Improvement
of tho tuition's highways will bo of
.great economic value to the country
ns a whole, relieving the congestion
which now exists on other transporta
tion facilities and mnklng distribution
of the nation's commodities easier and
chenpor. The good roads movement
meets with my wnrmcst approval."
BIG PROGRAM IN MINNESOTA
Construction Plans Call for Expendi
ture of $11,127,98G Trucks Sold
to Farmers.
Mlnnesotn has a rond building pro
gram calling for the expenditure of
$11,127,080. Ah nn Illustration of
what the farmers of that state think
of the motortruck a statement recent
ly Issued by a bank In Minneapolis
might be cited, In which It Is said that
"trucks In Inrge numbers. Intended for
Immedlnte use In marketing grains,
are being sold to farmers." Elevator
scales In many places are being remod
eled to accommodate the growing fleet
of farmers' trucks.
BONDS FOR IMPROVED ROADS
Districts, Counties and States Making
Big Appropriation for Better High
way Systems.
Bonds running high Into millions of
dollars are being Issued by districts,
counties nnd states for the making of
better roads. The national government
Is aiding by appropriating money also,
bnscd on the amounts raised by tho
states.
Much Interest Manifested.
The widespread Interest manifested
In better roadn Is shown by com
parlson of previous totals with those
of 1018, when $000,000,000 was spent
for road construction throughout the
country.
Roads Are Necessity.
Passable roads nro an nctilnl neces
slrv mill everv nrmrresslve common!
ty recognizes this fact, and Is Improv
ing or will later Improve every rond
over which there Is any considerable
travel
. , ,"-N'.
NATIONAL
AFFAIRS
U. S. Has Grown 13,000,000 in Ten Years
WASHINGTON. The population of
continental United States under
the 1020 census enumeration Is ap
proximately 105,000,000, according to
an estimate worked out by Dr. Joseph
A. Hill, chief statistician of the bu
reau of census division of revision
and results.
Under the estimate tho Increaso
over 1010 Is 13,000,000 In round num
bers, or tpproxlniately 14 per cent.
The population In 1010 was 01,072,200.
Dr. Mill uses In his estimate the
figures In complete returns announced
for 1,400 cities and towns, which hnvo
an aggregate population of lt,029,:Ui4.
On 1,314 of these 1,400 cities and
Good Roads Problem
DKCLAU1NG problems of hlghwny
construction ure national rather
than the concern of the Individual
estate, the report of tho war depart
ment to the highways-' committee ot
congress s1111111111rl7.es conclusions
reached as a result of tho army con
voy of seventy-three trucks which
blazed a trail from Washington to
the Pacific coast last summer. These
conclusions are. In part, as follows:
First Thnt the necessity for a com
prehensive system of national high
ways. Including transcontinental or
through routes east and west and
north and south. Is real and urgent,
ns a commercial asset, to further col
onize nnd develop Hie sparsely settled
sections of the country, nnd. dually
as a defensive military necessity.
Second That the existing roads
and bridges, especially In the sparse
ly settled sections of the middle and
fnr western states, aro absolutely In
capable of meeting the present day
tralllc requirements and until mod
ern types of ronds and bridges are
constructed which will permit the
rapid movement of heavy motor car
go vehicles during any season of the
year and In all conditions of weather,
economical transcontinental highway
tralllc will continue to be but u vain
hope.
Third That the road problems of
Against Spirit and
INDIONATTON over the growing
power of the departments runs like
a thread all through the proceedings
of the last session. For example, here
nre n few remarks by Senator King
of Utah:
"The executive departments nnd In
strumentalities of the government
seek to extend their authority ; they
clamor for huge appropriations. Tho
condition of the country nnd the treas
ury do not influence them. During
tho congress wo have witnessed de
mands from executive olllcers for bil
lions of dollars, when they should
hove asked but for hundreds of mil
lions.
"Often, In order to get through np
proprlatlons desired, ofllclnls of an
executive branch of the government
will send letters nnd telegrams to re
mote parts of the land for the pur
History in a Nutshell for Congressmen
HISTORY In n nutshell was what
one might call a paragraph In an
address by Congressman Foss of Ohio
Just before the adjournment, lie mid :
Mr. Chairman, nlmost every admin
istration from the beginning of the
government has been marked by some
outstanding event of legislation, some
of them adversely rather thun favor
nbly. The llrst. quite nnturally, wns
marked by the many nets necessary to
put the Constitution In operation, The
administration of the elder Adams win
marked by the alien and sedition laws.
Jefferson's administration will always
be looked upon us the one administra
tion that started tho expansion of the
country, so fnr as territory goes, In
the purchase of Louisiana. Madison's
administration was principally marked
by the wur of 1812.
Monroe's administration probably
will be longest remembered by the
doctrine thnt bears his name. Jack
sou's administration will always be re
garded as the one In which the out
standing event was tho light ngiilnst
the national bank Idea and the specie
circular. Folk's administration will
bo remembered by the Mexican war.
Lincoln's administration, among
CAPITAL
towns comparative statements of their
respective Increases or decreases dur
ing the 1010-1020 hihI 1000-1910 peri
ods are available.
These comparisons show Hint the
1,314 cities and towns made an aver
age gain of IVt per cent between WOO
nnd' 1010. but during the 1010.1020
period the average gain for the same
places was only 20 per cent.
The Increnses In rural districts In
variably nro smaller than In the cities.
This Is shown by the fuct thnt while
tho 1,314 cities and towns gained 35
per cent from 1000 to 1010, the entire
country showed n gain "of only 21 per
cent.
The percentage gain of the entire
country from 1000 to 11)10 21 i-t
cent was but thrMlfths of the per
centage gain by the cities nnd towns
35 er cent. If the same ratio pre
vailed In the 1020 census the cities
gained 20 per cent the percentage
gulp for the country would be 15.0
per cent Actual decreases shown In
rural counties, however, cansed Dr.
Hill to place his estimate at 14 per
cent Increase.
National, Not State
the middle nnd fnr western stntcs
are national rather than local prob
lems, as these states, while possess
ing vast area nnd tremendous mile
age of highways, have only u sparse
population, which cannot possibly un
dertake the needed highway Im
provement work, -which, moreover, Is
usually of greater Importance to the
country us u whole than to the Indi
vidual stntes.
Fourth That the radius -of ac
tion Hud the resulting utility value
of the motor vehicle Is limited only
by the condition of tile roads, and
that the provision of adequate roads
will have a far-reachlug effect on
tho economic development of tho
country nt lurge.
Fifth That the types of motor
vehicles, especially those used by the
army, should bo co-ordinated with
the road conditions.
Form of Government
pose of organizing movements to foreo
congress to yield to their demands.
In this wny they debauch the people,
exceed their rights, nnd pervert O'lr
form of government The executive
departments nre organized for tho
purpose of executing the Inw. admin
istering the Inw, but they nre not sat
Islled with that They want to make
the law. They want congress to be
came a rubber stamp, a pnsslve body,
to register their wishes and grant
their fiscal demands.
"So long as executive ofllclnls do
that, and send their emissaries out
through the states as they ure do-
Ing and have done for years organ
izing the people for the purpose ot
having them ask and demand appro
priations, wo will havo these condi
tions. "Mr. President. I hope some meas
ure will be enacted Into law that will
mnke It on offense for any executive
olllclul, big or little, high or low. cabi
net olllcer or otherwise, to carry on
campaigns throughout the country to
compel congress to appropriate money
to plnco In their hands for expendi
ture or to Increase their power and
Jurisdiction. It is Indecent. It Is
iigah.st the spirit and form of our
government"
other things that will mark it, will tie
remembered by the great Civil war;
Grant's by tho reconstruction effort;
Hays' by the resumption of foeclo
paymentH and the Introduction of tljij
clvll-servlce system. Gnrtleld's ndmlnE
Istrntlon was short-lived because ot
the assassination soon after he took
his seat.
Cleveland's llrst administration will
bo remembered by the creation of the
Interstate commerce commission and
the tariff law known us the Wilson
tariff hill ; his second by tils stand for
tho Integrity of the Monroe doctrine,
Harrison's administration will nlwnyw
be remembered by the antitrust law of
1800, known ns tho Sherman Antltriisc
net, mid the McKlnley bill of the sumo
year.
