TIT13 NORTH PLATTE SEMI "WEEKLY TJITI3UNE.
DLSLSEMTDR GUU.1T
OLD REGIME REGAINS POWER
REJECT PEACE PACT
Ebert and His Cabinet Back In Berlin.
Efforts Being Made to Restore Or
der. Red Menace Serious.
NEWBERRY AND OTHERS CON
VICTED OF FRAUD.
SENATE AGAIN REFUSES TO
RATIFY TREATY.
SENTENCE IS PRONOUNCED
Fifteen Campaign Managers Share.
Fate of Michigan Solon Sixty
eight Discharged.
Grand Rapids, Mich. Truman IT.
Newberry, junior United State senator
from Michigan, who was elected by r.
majority of 7,fG7 votos over Henry
Ford, automobile, magnate, In 1018,
was convicted by a Jury of having con
spired criminally to violate the elec
tion laWH. He wan sentenced by
Judge Clarence. W. Sessions to two
yearn' Imprisonment and lined flO.000,
released on bond ponding nn appeal,
and at once Issued a statement declar
ing his Intention to retain his seat lb
the somite unless that body decides
otherwise, or the supreme court up
holds Ills conviction.
Sliming the fate of the senator were
Ids brother, John S. Newberry, and
fifteen campaign managers, Including
Frederick Cody, New York, and l'aul
II. King, Detroit. Roth these, men re
ceived the lemlt sentence with their
chief.
Charles A. Floyd, Detroit, was also
sentenced to two years In the peniten
tiary, hut he wnrf fined only half as
much as Newberry. The brother was
fined $10,000 and was one of four who
were sentenced to Leavenworth. The
lightest sentence went to George S.
Lndd of Sturbrlde, Mass., and lie was
fined 91,000. Sixty-eight others who
were Indicted for taking part In New
berry's election, were discharged byi
the court.
STORM KILLS THREE.
Colorado, Wyoming and Kansas Swept
by Terrific Gale.
Denver, Colo. The terrific gnlo
which swept Colorado and Wyoming
last Thursday and Friday, varying
from 17 to 100 miles an hour, caused
three deaths, one probable fatal In
Jury, and resulted In heavy property
losses and crippled wire communica
tion nnd train service.
Kansas also suffered severely by tho
storm, great quantities of wheat being
blown out of tho ground, wire com
munication being Impaired, and the air
filled with such an amount of dust and
sand that the sun wns obscured.
Northeastern Colorado Is In a serious
condition as n result of sand storms.
Large drifts of sand bnve blocked
country roads and thousands of acres
of .winter whent liave been damaged,
rersons of long residence here recall
no sand storms of similar proportions.
CAUSE OF POISONING.
Low Pressure In Preserving Olives
Blamed for Deaths.
Washington, D. O. Failure of somo
packers to use a sufficiently high tem
perature during 'stoiillzntlon of ripe
olives In glnss containers peripltted
dovelopmunt of tho botullnus germ,
which caused tho deaths of 25 persons
two months ago, said a report of spec
ialists of the bureau of chemistry, who
have Just concluded an Investigation In
co-operation with the public health
service.
The poison would develop Just the
same In tin containers, the report
showed, If the olives were not suffi
ciently processed, hut as there Is no
dnnger of breakage Involved In tin,
the pneker does not hesitate to apply
the proper degree of heat to kill the
germ in sterilization.
Minnesota for Wood.
St. Paul, Minn. On the face of
seml-nlllclal returns from the repub
lican presidential preference primary,
members of Leonard "Wood's state or
ganization predicted thnt Wood swept
tho state by a majority of three toino
over Senator HIrnni Johnson of Cali
fornia. Ex-Kalser Shadowed.
Amorongcn. The Dutch govern
ment Is maintaining an extremely
close guard over former Kmperor Wil
liam, l'ollco otllcers have been detail
ed to follow him, afew steps In tln
rear, as he walks about the garden of
the Ucntwlclc castle here.
Dead Baby May Reunite Chapllna.
Los Angelas, Cal. A little grey
mouse graven in granite on the head
stone of n tiny nnd nameless grave In
Knglewood cemetery may be the moans
of reconciling Charlie Chaplin and Ida
wife, who bnve parted again as the re
sult of temperamental differences
which have been the cause of discord
In tho comedian's fnmlly nlniost from
tho time of tho marriage, a year ago.
At least, so hopes Mamma Harris, as
tho comedian's niotlier-ln-law Is affec
tionately called.
Trial May Preclpltato Strike.
Indianapolis, Ind. Possibility of
another tleup of the nation's bitumi
nous coal Industry, beginning April 1,
wns declared to exist as a result of the
government's prosecution of operators
nnd miners for alleged violation of the
Lever fuel control act, In a statement
Issued by K. D. Logsdon of this city.
Mr, Logsdon Is one of the live coal
operators arrested by federal olllclals
and one of 12f men, operators ami
miners Indicted by a federal grand
Jury here for alleged conspiracy to en
hance the price of coal.
Herlln. The government of Presi
dent Kbert, which left Herlln a week
ngo when Dr. Wolfgang Knpp and his
reactionary troops entered the city. Is
Jignln In powers In the capital.
Public services In a measure havo
heen re-established and It Is hoped thnt
Borlln will soon resume lt normal
Activities, though It will he a longtime
hefore the damage, material and
moral, will be repaired. Deaths from
the lighting In Herlln may total .',nn
The situation in parts of the country
Appears serious. From the .group of
Industrial centers on the Rhino and
the Ituhr district continue to come re
ports of Spnrtaoun uprisings which
have resulted In many persons being
killed. In several places, especially
the Ituhr district, the SpMrtaeuiis are
said to be In absolute control. Here
their available force Is estimated at
TO.WH).
Concentration of loyal government
forces, however, are taking place anil
their arrival at the scenes of disorder
Is expected to bring quiet.
While the resignation of Guslav
Nnske, minister of defense, has been
demanded by the radicals, It Is con
sidered probable that he will retain
his post for a time nt least In order to
restore the confidence of the Herlln
population genornlly.
It Is declnred that the new cabinet
will Include netlvo representatives of
labor, Carl Rudolph Leglen, president
of the federation of trade unions, be
ing named for chnncellor.
It Is reported that three thousand
persons were killed In the lighting at.
Lelpslc before the government troops
captured the town. The shelling of the
Volkhnus and labor headquarters by
government troops resulted In many
hundred deaths.
The socialist nnd commnnlts or
ganizations have united to cnll the
workmen to nrms. The situation be
comes more dllllcult as small bands of
spnrtaclsts try to attack the Noske
troops at several places. Strikes are
Increasing.
A revolt Is going on In Westphalia
east of a geographical line from Gel-
senklrchen to Klberfeld, Including
these two towns. Military measures
nrc being taken.
FIVE DIE IN NO. DAK. BLIZZARD.
Four Sons of Farmer Frozen to Death
On Way Home From School.
IHsmnrck, N. D. Four schoolboys,
sons of Gust Wohlkii, a farmer living
near Rider, wero frozen to death In
the bllzznrd, which swept over North
Dakota March 15.
The boys, Adolph, Ernest, Soren
and Herman, set out from school with
n team, but half-way the horses be
came exhausted and could go no fur
ther. Adolph bundled up his younger
brothers, placed them In the wagon
box and set out for help. Ills body
was found nenr his home. A mile down
(ho road the father cnnio upon the
team and wagon, practically burled by
snow. After digging nway the snow
he came upon tho three frozen bodies
of his sons. I
Reports to the weather bureau In
dicated that North Dakota was In the
grip of the worst blizzard since 1S88. -Trains
were ntnlled and schedules nn- :
nulled In some Instances. I
According to the weather mironu
here the storm area extended from
Montana to Wisconsin and from Mani
toba, Can., to Nebraska.
Sister Gives Her Life.
Center. N. D. Iluzel Miner, 18
years old, gave her life to save her
younger brother and sister from freez
ing to death In the bllzznrd which
raged over the state for two days.
When the sleigh In which they wero
riding was blown over and wrecked,
Hazel wrapped blankets and her own
coat around the children and snt down
In the snow to await help.
Twenty-four hours later they wero
found by n searching party. Hazel was
dead but tho other two will recover.
Stock Yards and Hogs Burn.
Nebraska City, Neb. Fire of un
known origin trtnlly destroyed the
Union Stock Yards at Nebraska City,
causing a loss estimated at $100,000.
Several small buildings nnd about r00
hogs wore also burned. It wns Im
possible to obtain an estimate on the
vnlue of tho live stock burned.
Wood Granted Leave.
Washington, D. C MaJ. Gen. Leon
ard Wood hns asked for and ' was
granted u two months' leave of ab
sence to conduct his cnmpnlgn for the
republican nomination for president.
U. S. to Get Warships.
Washington, D. C. Five German
surrendered warships allowed to tho
United States under the armistice
terms, a battleship, a cruiser and three
destroyers, will be brought to tbla
country next ufonth.
Seeks Funds to Enforce Dry Laws.
Washington, D. C. Attorney Gen
eral Pnlmoa asked congress for !?-,-f.OO.OOO
for the bureau of Investigation,
WHKI.OOO for the Enforcement of prohi
bition and .$1500,000 for the employ
ment of special attorneys.
Non-Partisan Defeated.
Fargo. N. D. Returls from the re
cent primaries give Guilder Olson, reg
Hint repuh)lcan candidate for national
committeeman, a substantial lead over
Olson, the Non-purtlsan league candidate.
1 f.l..l.ll.. 1.. !.. i
NEWS REVIEW 0
German Revolution a Mystery,
the Undercurrents of Which
Are a World Puzzle.
CHAOS SEEMS TO PREVAIL
How It Affects Treaty Status Minne
sota Primary and Presidential Race
Allies Under Milne Occupy
Constantinople Mexico and
Her Presidential Timber.
By E. F. CLIPSON.
Although Germnny has occupied an
eminence conspicuous In the center of
the stage of world events during the
week nnd considerable light has arisen
from tho conflagration rnglug within
her borders, much mystery rules as to
the true state of affairs. Dark areas
exist which the spotlights of anxious
International Interest and the tele
scopes of publicity cannot penetrate.
One thing certnln Is that the revolu
tion Instigated by Knpp, Luettwitz and
others with Knpp as self-appointed dic
tator, has Ween overthrown after five
days of hectic, febrile existence. The
active agent In bringing about this
speedy demise was n general strike of
workmen centered In Herlln.
Whether the offspring of militarist le
designs, an' effort to administer oxy
gen to the gasping hopes of royalty, a
cunning machination of bolshevlsm, or
n deeply laid plot Involving all parties
to muddy the waters of international
affairs and so defent the terms of the
peace treaty as affecting Germany, Is
not yet evident and may nol be clear
for a long time. At any rate, the rev
olution appears to have been a feeble
child. When the railroad workers quit,
and nlsn those of the public utilities
Including gns, water and electricity,
the life-giving and distributive facili
ties ceased. A lustier Infant could
bnve lasted longer, but eventunlly
would have succumbed.
Has the Kbert government been mere
camouflage? Kbert seems to have
known what wns Impending and at the
first sound of alarm deserted Herlln
after calling upon the proletariat to
support hlin by the strike. Knrller ad
vices Indicated that Noske, his minis
tor of defense, the man who has re
cently been proclaiming his neceptnneo
of the principles of the treaty nnd his
determination to help work them out.
had an understanding with the revolu
tlonarl("vTlme alone will demonstrate
.the truth or falsity of this Indication.
With the Russian. Turkish and eastern
sltuntlons what they are. added to th
complications of the Adriatic situation
nnd the Internal affairs of France and
Knglnnd. It would seem to bo n fairly
opportune time for Germany to stage
a muddling and distracting demonstra
tion. There are elements aplentv In
Germnny committed to such Intentions.
That which now seems likely Is that
the various groups could not work to
gether harmoniously. Ludendorff was
In Moscow Intriguing with Lenlne and
Trotsky, a case Indeed of politics mak
ing strange bedfellows. At home there
wns a movement, If Kbert and his fid
lowers could be rendered sulllclently
complaisant, to sot up Hlndenburg n
a candidate for president. Notwith
standing that Ludendorff, the embodi
ment of reactlonlsin, was flirting with
the personification of ndvnnced radi
calism, and Hlndenburg's supporters
were endeavoring to make friends with
tho socialistic adherents of Kbert, a re
actionary undercurrent was prevalent
throughout all the plotting. If the
revolution went off half cocked. n
seems- fnlrly evident, It wns due to hu
man nature and the Impossibility of
combining antagonistic elements and
soothing Individual ambitions. Through
out the whole affair there has been de
celt, subterfuge nnd recrimination, a
heritage from the teachings of kultur;
proving that German leaders cannot
be honest with ench other and can
scarcely face their own vl.-nges In a
looking glns.
Out of the whole mess has come the
renewed menace of bolshevlsm, Hur
nossinnkor Kbert Is the one figure In
Germany who carries any Indications
of Influence and strength " the side
a. I'iKMiiiiK in mi- mii-vm 111 i. ri.i.. -. Direct scene nt 1' rocpori . . .m,i ,
Its banks. 3. General Von Luettwitz. cuuimander of the forces wihch temporarily overthrew the Kbert gov
ernment In Germany.
CURRENT EVENTS
' Assess
. ,1 .. . . .
of law and order. Ho ordered the
strike and it remains to bo seen wheth
er or not ho can control It. Just now
It looks ns though ho might have cre
ated a Frankenstein destined to crush
him and throw his nation perhaps the
whole of Europe Into chaos. Soviets
have been proclaimed In eertnlp places
In Germany. It Is true that these man
ifestations tire confined largely to Sax
ony and other Industrial centers where
radicalism has been strongest. Kbert
has confidence In his mllltnry resources
and In tho sober Inclinations of the
people; thoroughly sick of war,
anxious to heal Internal troubles nnd
get back to work. The optimistic an
nouncement comes from his govern
ment that tho present rioting nnd com
munistic demonstrations will be con
trolled ns easily as were the Sparta
clde outbreaks. Observers who have
been warning thnt a renewnl of war
In Europe wns Imminent and that It
needed but n spark, are firm In the be
lief that the spark has been applied.
Meanwhile the kaiser In his Ilollnnd
retrent, Is- sawing wood literally. The
erstwhile crown prince Is reported run
ning around In circles alternately buoy
ed and depressed by the course of
events. Holland hns doubled the guards
surrounding the residences of the two.
Firm In her determination not to abate
the right of sanctuary to which she
claims they are entitled, she nlso seems
equally disposed not to permit them
to escape or to become active partici
pants In any of the affairs of the dis
turbed area.
What of the treaty status In Amer
ica? Many there are who nre contend
ing that delay In ratifying the instru
ment has contributed to present condi
tions. Others are equally firm In the
assertion that the German Imbroglio
shows the wisdom of the delay. Their
position Is that if we had not been cau
tious we would lit this minute have
been In the heart of n great world mlx
up. At any rate the situation nnd the
discussion evoked caused a showdown
and galvanized the sennte Into nctlon.
William J. Rryan entered the treaty
fight at the eleventh hour on the side
of compromise. Ills position was that
his party could not go before tho
country In the next campaign on an
Issue on thr- president's view of the
treaty and our obligations under It.
A startling Incident In connection
with the late treaty struggle was the
adoption by the senate of a resolution
committing the United States to sym
pathy for the cause of Irish Independ
ence, Introduced by Senator Gerry of
Rhode Island, as u reservation to the
treaty, the resolution stated that the
United States adheres to the principle
of self-determination and sympathizes
with the aspirations of the Irish' peo
ple for a government of their own
choice, and that when such govern
ment Is attained, It should promptly
be admitted as a member of the
League of Nations. The nctlon wns
pot merely a realllrinatlon of the reso
lution of sympathy passed Inst June,
the difference being that In the latest
resolution n speclllc mention Is madp
of the principle of self-determination
and the United States Is placed on
record by the senato as favoring the
application of thnt principle to Ire
land. Although there has heen enn
tintinl agitation for an expression re
garding Irish Independence, It was not
thought that the senate In view of pres
ent relations with Great Hrltaln would
go so far and take such unequivocal
action. The tlrst vote In committee of
the whole was close, being !1S to .'10.
Afterwards It was readnpted by the
sennte by a vote of 45 In favor of
adoption to Its opposed.
Opposition was keen. Senator Thom
as, of Colorado endeavoring to secure
an amendment expressing tho wish of
the senate that Japan should by the
same token at once restore Independ
ence to Korea. v Senator Townsend of
Michigan nnd Williams of Mississippi
attacked the proposition relating to
Ireland ami all the proposed amend
ments as being nothing but politics.
In the race for presidential nomina
tions the Mlnnesotn primary furnished
a test of strength and a now basis for
forming theories. Unless verified re
turns change the figures Wood will he
shown to have carried every county
In the state but two. Ills lead appears
to bo ,r0 per cent over bis nearest com
petitor, Senator Johnson, with nearly
four times as many votes as Lowdeii.
although Minnesota Is tho native state
of the Illinois governor. This disposes
of u prediction thnt a soldier candidate
would be defeated in an agricultural
state, which though traditionally Re
publican, President Wilson almost car
ried In 1010, the claim being made
that the "kept us out of war" Issue
contributed lnrgely to his strength.
Much significance is nlso attached to
the comparatively lnrge vote in the
primary for Herbert Hoover, whoso
name it was necessary to paste or
write upon the ballot. It is taken as
an evidence of his strength with Inde
pendent Republicans. Tlie Wood forces
regard the Minnesota result ns nn au
gury of success In the South Dakota
prlmnry.
Mr. Hrynn hns announced himself In
favor of primary instructions while
Mr. McAdoo is ngnlnst them. The
former thinks that general opposition
to Instructions savors of reaction
against the primary system. Inciden
tally, Hrynn makes It clear that be Is
not a candidate for the Democratic
nomination, neither Is he running away
from It. Ills attitude seems to be that
lie Is not seeking it, but that the nomi
nation may do nil the seeking it wnnts
In his direction.
In pursuance of plans to stop massa
cres and enforce upon Turkey fulfill
ment of the terms of the pence treaty.
Constantinople was occupied by nlliod
forces under Gen. Sir George F. Milne
of tho Rritlsh army. The ancient city
returns to Christian control for the first
time In nearly five centuries. Tills long
nntlclpnted military demonstration wns
accomplished with but slight resist
ance. At tho war olllce an exclinnge
of shots occurred in which two British
soldiers were killed and four wounded.
Nine Turks were killed. Tho city
which has withstood so many sieges
nnd boon the grave of so many expedi
tions sent ngnlnst it. lias never before
In history surrendered so quietly. The
allied high commission hns announced
that In the occupation there was no
Intention to permanently destroy the
Sultan's authority or deprive the Turks
of the city.
President Deschunel nnd Premier
Mlllernnd of France have united to op
pose misconceptions concerning that
country which they, fear are forming
In the United States. Deschanel has
tens to combat the charge that France
Is either militaristic or Imperialistic.
He points out that having n German
pistol aimed at her heart, 'she wishes
to protect herself and must have the
co-operation of Knglnnd and America.
Mlllenind says that no misunderstand
ings must be allowed to mar our rela
tions. He nisotouclies on economic
conditions and' states that France will
pay every debt; that she Is asking
time, not pity; help, not nlnif.
Mexico continues to bo u point of
most absorbing interest. As a prob
lem It will soon cull for something like
dellnlte settlement. In the present
condition of the world, the, dearth of
materials, especially minerals, oil and
foodstuffs, this natural treasure house
must be opened. Just bow It Is to be
accomplished Is not exactly evident.
America and American Interests have
been listening to the claims of rival
candidates for direction of affairs in
that country. Ohregmi lias put forth
u statement of his qualifications, plain
ly Implying that he Is the only man
who has the ability to grapple with
the problems of that disturbed nation
and restore it to tranquility or at least
comparative safety for agricultural and
industrial pursuits. There Is a famil
iar .sound to bis assertions, Just like
those of others who have aspired, to
the task and failed signally.
An Impasse mny be renched which
will prevent complete ratification of
the suffrage amendment in time for
women to vote In the presidential pri
maries this year. Suffragists pin their
hopes on the action of the Vermont
legislature, but even if It should bo fa
vorable delay Is likely through the ac
tion of at least one state which has
been not f'ntlrely favorable to tho
amendment. In Ohio, where it wns
submitted to n referendum, the nctual
decision Is still in doubt, nnd the caso
Is now nwnltlng dlsposltoln by the
supremo court. Thirty-five stntes havo
ratllled the amendment, nnd the snmo
action by but ono more Is needed to
make It effective. If the Ohio case Is
decided ndversely, then It will be nec
essary for both Vermont nnd Connecti
cut to ratify before It can become law.
ORDER IT BACK TO PRESIDENT
Opinion Prevails That IsrucWIII Be
Main Topic In Coming Political '
Campaign.
Washington, D. C. The German'
peace treaty with Its league of tin
.'Ions covenant failed of ratlilcation in
die senate last Friday and wns order
Ml returned to the president with a
formal notification of the failure or
the body to consent to the pact he ltnd
negotiated In Paris.
On the decisive roil call the vote
was 10 for ratification, to 3fi ngnlnst,
the opposition numbering In its ranks
twenty democrats who were unwilling
to see the treaty go through with tho
republican reservations objected to
by the president nnd three democratic
Hid twelve republican Irreconellables.
Twenty-one democrats quit the presi
dent's lend and voted for ratification,
but the defection failed by seven votes
of providing the two-thirds requisite
to ratify.
The result wns regarded everywhere
In the cnpltol as having put over Into
the polllcnl campaign for decision the
long nnd bitter fight between the chief
executive and the senate majority. A
move to reconsider the vote and try
once more to ratify collapsed in its in
ception, lenders on both sides ngree
Ing thnt further ratification efforts
would be n waste of time ns long ns
the senate membership remains ns
It Is.
Whether the president would return
the treaty to the sennte remnlned un
determined, but the republicans served
notice thnt If ho did, It would repose
for mnny weeks to come In n commit
tee pigeonhole. In the vote of forty
seven to. thirty-seven by which the
sennte washed Its bands of tho subject
nnd sent the treaty to the White house
the republican leaders lind flic support
of the mild rcscrvntlonlst as well as
the Irreconellables of their party,
while the democrats voted almost
solidly in opposition.
ALLIES SEIZE CITY.
Turkish Capital In Hands of Entente
Troops. See Political Move.
Constantinople. The long looked fot
mllltnry demonstration ngnlnst Tur
key by the nllles took place March 17
wlien n lnrge force from the Imposing
allied war fleet In the r.osphorus land
ed here and took oyer control of tho
clty. One clash occurred during tho
procedure, nt which several persons
were killed.
Turkish newspapers l.nve little to
sny of the situation, but the people In
general express the belief thnt Cnn
stnntinoplo Is about to repeat tho his
tory of Cairo : that tho Rtitish would
remain in Turkey as they had In
Egypt. The opinion expressed nmong Amer
icans here In touch with near enst
conditions is that the occupation was
prompted more by political motives
tlinn because of the massacre of Ar
menians. Killed On Eve of Marriage. '
Lexington, Neb. Slierlnn Muneriof,
n farmer, 2.'! years old, was found deud
on the road near his home between El
wood nnd Lexington. He was going
to a neighbor's, who wns to join lilm in.
a hunting trip on the river.
It is supposed lie was killed in tak
ing Ids gun out of the cur to shoot nt
game along the road. Muncrlef wns an
ex-service man. His brother lives Id
Woiiand, Wyo. . He wns to have been
married soon."
Execution Again Put Off.
Lincoln, Neb. The execution of
Vincent Graninier and Alson H. Cole,
convicted slnyers of Grnniiner's
mother-lu-lnw, Mrs. Lulu Vogt, sched
uled for March 10, wns again post
poned when n letter wns received by
the attorney general from tho federal
circuit. court of appeals at St. Louis,
stntlng that the court wns unable to
hear the motion of the stnte for the
dismissal of the Grnniiner appeal. Gov
ernor MeKolvie hns named Friday.
June -1, as the date for Colo's execu
tion. All Americans Are Safe,
Washington, D. C Oillclnl ndvlces
from Herlln sny thnt no Americans or
other foreigners, so far as known,
were injured during the counter revo
lution In Germany.
Wheat May Stage Comeback.
Topekn, Kan. Despite nppnrent.
lienvy losses to ICunsns wheat Holds
from the recent wild storm. It Is like
ly they will stage a comeback should
favorable weather ensue, according to
members of the stnte board of agricul
ture. Peace Army of 300,000.
Washington. D. C A peace-time
army of 2fliMX) enlisted men nnd
17,000 officers wns approved by the
house In passing the army reorgn'.l '.' -tlon
bill by a vote of 2-1(5 to 02. TU
measure now goes to the senate.
To Care for Mlnlcters.
Chicago. III. .More than ? 10,000,000
will be spent by the Methodist Episco
pal church this year in caring for its
7,f00 pensioned ministers and their de
pendents, n report made nt n mooting
of tho hoard of claimants here shows..
