Nebraska Newspapers

    THE SEMI.WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
4
Censor Helped.
Defeat
Performed Great Service
, Guarding Allies' Interests
During War.
in
THWART MANY FOE SCHEMES
Orltlsh Official Expunoed "Lord of
Hosts" From Lloyd George' Speech
as Xalwr's "Aid de Camp"
Smuggling Prevented.
The I!rltlili postal censor Is soon go
ng the way of the telegraph and rnhle
.onsorshlp out. Judging from orltl
'.'Isms Iti America, such aw that of the
Merchants' association to tin postmus
tor general, Ihe going of this war In
stitution will be Just hh Joyously wel
comed abroad as In England. Hut
whatever the petulance of those who
think wnr reatrletlon have held over
too long, the postal censor, In the opin
ion of lliooe who have watched his
work from the viewpoint of British nnd
nllled (.ernrlty throughout the wnr.
has been of the grentost service In
defeating Germany.
The nearness of the date of the de
mise of this Institution hns culled forth
considerable Information nhout Its
work. Tlius fnr, however, there has
been no amusing Ride such as was
fhown during the obsequies for the
.nble censorship.
lust after Mr. Lloyd George succeed
ed Lord Kitchener as secretary for
war It Is related that he provided the
ammunition for the censor to give the
puragraphers n lease on war life. Mr.
Lloyd George went to Brumshott to
hid good !y to a Canadian division
about to cross the channel. After
the Inspection he made a speech frbm
his motorcar, concluding with a quo
tation from the Hlhle: "And may , the
Lord of Hosts be with you." Corre
spondents who sent their dispatches
first to the censor wore surprised to
find the final words of the secretary
running In this fashion: "And may
w, y-)U J,
was amusing, but also serious, In the
minds of the news writers, so they
protested. However, they got their re
ply from the censor's department:
"Tito kaiser, having claimed the Lord
as his nld-de-cnmp, no reference must
be made to the Divinity In this connec
tion." ' Enemy 8chemea Thwarted.
As I said) the postal censorship hns
as yet turned up no morsel of rela
tive cholcencss. The postal censor
ship, however, has thwarted many en
emy schemes thnt make Just as In
teresting or more Interesting read
ing. Furthermore, the Ilrltlsh Jostnl
censorship was a much farther reach
ing organization than was attempted
In America, simply because England
was the channel through which virtu
ally all questionable mull matter flowed.
POSTWAR ACTIVITIES ON THE THAMES
liltMMiWi m
With the end of the war the locks
with pleasure craft again. Great crowds flock to this river to enjoy the
. pleasures It affords. Our photograph shows Houlter's lock on a warm Simdny.
Cotton Seized in 1867
Is Paid for by U. S.
Savannah, On. The claim of
tho Imperial Importing and Im
porting Company of Georgia for
$170,000.(10 for cotton Illegally
seized by the federal govern
ment In 1807 has been paid, It
developed through the filing of
a petition In superior court here
for permission to notify by ad
vertisements stockholders and
others Interested.
The money Is to bo divided
nmong residents of Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Louisiana.
Mississippi, North and South
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas nnd
Virginia, Lawyers, however, will
got half of the total. The case
reached final decision In federal
courts recently after ten years
of litigation.
Truth Is mighty mighty scarce.
Germany
The powtnl rcimtr In London was the
'In in which held the flood of continental
mull until each portion of It could be
passed upon and approved before be
ing scattered over the wide word.
An bleu of the Immensity of the 'task
can be obtained from the fact thnt a
stHflr of nearjy a hundred expert lln
gults was constantly employed to ex
amine anil approve mail matter writ
ten and printed In more than n hun
dred languages and dialects. Manu
scripts In every conceivable tongue
found their place In this great muss
of mall, estimated at about 1W1.000 let
ters dally. '
Much of the mall was passed with
only mechanical Inspection, so sure did
the examiners become of certain cate
gories of communications. Hut con
siderable more than the time saved on
harmless mall was consumed In ex
haustive examination and tests of
questionable matter, some of which
was subjected to nil manner of add
and X-ray Inquiry to detect hidden
messages.
Smuggling Prevented.
There was also for a time a great
smuggling campaign, harmless looking
bundles such as newspapers contain
Voice Orders
ule
Development of Radio Telephone
Permits Personal Direction
of Fleets.
PREVENTS MAHY ACCIDENTS
At Signing of Armistice Training In
Voice-Commanded Flying Was
Well Under WayPilots Di
rected From Ground.
Washington. Previous to the entry
of the United States Into the war, the
problem of ulrplnne radio development
had received attention from the army.
In August, 1010, the first wireless
transmission from airplanes was made.
In the years following the development
of the airplane radio was curried on
through a series of accomplishments.
These may be sijmniod as follows:
i!01!i MCHSuge transmitted from ulr
plnne to ground by wireless telegraph
over a distance of 50 miles.
1015 Fan type of driving the wire
less power plant on the airplane de
veloped and adopted.
lOttJ Itadlo tolegruph transmission
from nlrplune successful over 140
iiumiiih remr.in v..r.fia,i.
of the Thames river are becoming alive
R
ALIENS GOING HOME
1 ,300,000 Will Take $4,000,000,
000 With Them.
Chicago Expert Figures on Vast Exo
dus for the Department
of Labor.
Washington, D. C One million
three hundred thousand aliens In the
United States are planning to dosort
this country for their homeland and
J hoy will take with them approximate-
4,000.000.000 America,!! dollars.
These facts were disclosed In a re
port by Etholhort Stewart of Chicago,
director of the Investigation nipl In
spection service of the department of
labqr, after an Investigation of pros
pective emigration from Aiuerlcu.
The estimate, Mr, Stewart says, Is
conservative. That the aliens wlli take
$4,000,000,000 lu figured on the' basis
ing various commodities then obtain
able In enemy countries, such as oof.
few, rice, tobnrco. sugar, and so on.
Sotne-pren contained rubber hlddtn be
tween the pages of the papers.
The most-sought-after evidence was
that of military character, and the
ecti worship of malls more than repaid
Its expensive outlay In detecting In
formation that mlftht have wrought
havoe with allied arms, or at least
helped 'Germany In no uncertain de
gree. There Is little doubt that none
of that character of Information which
the censorship oblnlncd will be made
public, but officials directing Britain's
wnr machines have not been slow to sny
that thanks to the postal censorship
much valuable military Information, of
every conceivable character, came, to
their attention.
Propaganda was the greatest nnd
most constant effort of the Germans.
The most harmless appearing sots of
newspapers and magazines, some of
them with covers dated before the
war, dlapatched from neutral nations
to Individuals or societies, such as sci
entific organizations, were often found
to contnln the latest German accusa
tions nf British mismanagement In
Egypt. India or Ireland. Hooks, not al
ways In Germnn, were found to con
tnln everything except what the title
proclaimed. The postal censorship to
day pofeses an Intensely Interesting
museum of many of the propaganda
carriers the Germans sent out, or
caused to he sent out from their ngents
In neutral countries.
Air War
miles of distance; radio messages
transmitted between airplanes In
flight; airplane radio telephone con
structed.
11117 The human voice transmitted
by radio telephone from nlrplune to
ground.
Talk Thousands of Miles.
Contemporaneous with this was the
commercial development of the radio
telephone for ground and ship use by
engineers of the American Telephone
and Telegraph company. This culmi
nated In a successful transmission
from the naval radio station at Arling
ton to stations . thousands of miles
away.
In May, 1017, stops were tnken to
combine the experience of the engi
neers and of the army In developing
the airplane wireless.
Six weeks later the airplane tele
phone was a fact, and In October, 1017,
a long-range test was made. Tele
phonic communication was carried on
between ulrplunos In flight up to 23
miles apart and from airplane to
ground up to a distance of -15 miles.
The development of voice command
ed Hying was definitely begun at Gerst
ner field, La., in May, 1018. On .lune 1
an aerial review was given by an air
fleet of two squadrons of 18 planes
each, followed by a close order drill
by a section of six airplanes.
Throughout the review and the drill
command was exercised by the voice
of the commander flying with the fleet.
In September following, voice ooin
;nnnded flying was Instituted at sev
eral other fields.
Avoids Many Accidents.
By using the airplane radio tele
phono In Instructing aviators in aerial
I gunnery It was found possible to reach
, the same etllciency with a saving of
one-third of the time. Hy exercising
control over pilots In the nlr, accidents
were practically eliminated.
At the signing of the armistice, de
velopment and training In voice com
manded flying was well under way.
.Numerous demonstrations were held.
during November and December and a
fleet of 20-1 airplanes was maneuvered
In the air at San Diego by voice com
mand. In the practical application of the
airplane radio telephone to airplanes,
over fl.OM) (lights have been made with
this apparatus In this country. Tn the
last 2,000 (lights there have been ouly
74 cases of airplane trouble and oaly
25 oases of radio trouble.
Shipments of the apparatus io
France In quantities began August and
September, 1018, and of trained air
service radio personnel In October.
Had the war continued tho volee-coni-
manded military air unit would
jdoubtedly have "made Itself felt.
un-
that the average amount em-h nii.,
will carry Is $:i,000. ,
An official statement from n. .1..
partmont of labor says that no m 1
1 Investigations covered Chicago, the
iniunna sieei mill district (South cut
011 go, East Chicago, Indiana Harbor
South Head, Gary, etc.). Detroit. I'ltu
burgh and surrounding steel districts
.loniifiiown, ra., loungstown. o ,
Wllkosburre. Pn., and surroundlm?
mining area.
Of 10U.40S Poles covered bv tj. m
vestlgatlon, 24.WM), or 15.04 per cent
will retrtin to Poland, Austrn-Hunga-rlans,
28.02 per cent; Husslans. :70
per cent; Croatian. 21.75 per cent
Lllhuanlans, 0.72 per cent; Homnaii
laus. 04.20 per cent; Italians and
Greeks. 11 per -cent; Serbs. ,'M.iiO Pl.r
cent; Slovaks, it 1.50 per cent.
Tho center of the quinine cultivation
activity until recently In Punie li;,,
been transferred to .lava.
BTOLPBI6 5a?lAmf y
BENEFITS OF COUNTRY ROADS
Among Other Things They Cheapen
Cost of Transportation of Farm
Products to Market
Good roads p-omote self-respect In
a community. They make possible
social intercourse. They bring tho
benefits of churches nnd schools with
in the reach of nil. They help to keep
the boy.s on the farm. They cheapen
the cost of transportation of farm
products to the markets and thus add
to the farm profits. They add to the
value of farm lands much more than
they cost. Thoy mark the degree of
civilization of the rural community.
This, In short. Is the vnlue of good
roads as seen by the extension service
of the University of Missouri College
of Agriculture.
The building of good roads Is of the
greatest Importance to n community.
What kind of a road should be built?
Of whnt should it be constructed?
Good Roads Like This Bring Farmer
Nearer to City Markets.
What are the things to be considered
In locating the roud? Whnt "grade"
should be maintained? How should
the road be drained? What are the
laws governing highway construction?
There are a few questions unswered
In extension circular G8 dealing with
country roads.
Matters of prime consideration In
locating a road are: Kasy grades,
good drainage, exposure to sunshine,
elimination of culverts and bridges by
avoiding unnecessary creek crossings,
directness and the number of farms to
be served for a given length of road.
Whenever possible to avoid It, a good
location should not bo rejected merely
bocnuse a certain roadway hus been In
use for some time. If the location of
a used road is bad It should be
changed If possible. In relocating roads
avoid railroad crossings at grades.
Tho grade of the road Is important
for on this depends the weight of the
load which can be hauled economically.
By grade is meant the rise or fall In
feet for enclt 100 feet In horizontal
length of road, usually expressed In
percentage. A G per cent grade means
that the rond rises or falls 5 feet each
100 feet along Its center line. It hug
been calculated tho on n smooth coun
try road the load that one horse could
pull on a level would require two on a
5 per cent grnde, three on a 10 per cent
grade and four oil a Ifi per cent grade.
Engineers usually figure a 0 per cent
grade as a maximum.
Itoad work In Missouri has not been
ns well managed as other public work.
Projects have been too narrowly lim
ited to localities, resulting In frag
mentary effort. Skilled locating and
supervision of construction have been
generally lacking. The remedies are:
First, a wider co-operation and the
adoption of broad schemes of Improve
ment, preferably with units no smallei
than counties. Second, the absolute
elimination of political considerations?
In the spending; of money. Third, se
curing good engineering advice in the
preparation of plans and requiring
careful engineering supervision of con
struction. ENGLAND SPENDS 50 MILLION
Grants to That Amount Will Be Dis
tributed for Reconstruction of
Roads and Bridges.
Grants amounting to $50,000,000 will
be distributed by the British road
board for the reconstruction of roads
and bridges In England In 1010. De
mobilized army units, will be used to
do tho labor. Local highway authori
ties will be required to match this
appropriation by at least as large a
program of road work as they carried
out In the yenr before the war. Area
taken Into consideration, England's
program Is thus far In excess of that
of the United States, Including both
federal aid and state funds.
POOR ROADS ARE EXPENSIVE
Congressional Report Places Annual
Loss at $504,000,000 for Trans
portation Alone.
The congressional report of 1014
placed the economic loss of the United
States through poor roads at an an
nual figure of $.104,000,000 for trans
portation costs alone. Tho heavy
Increase In tonnage since that time
probably makes the Joss today close
mm
Many Americans Are Eager to Get Onto the Soil
WASHINGTON. That a great many Americans, Including returned soldlenr
and sailors, are eager to become farmers Is shown by the work of the
homoseekers bureau of the United States railroad administration. During tho'
first three months of 1010 nbout 14,000
C
larger places farther West, are also
among the applicants. Some of these farmers want to buy .places for boys
Just back from the war. There are also n number of applications from farm
ers In Canada. These generally went there from the United States and now
want to return.
The men returned from war usually state they wish to continue an out
door life. It Is Interesting to note thnt a majority of the returned soldlera
mention either that they have just been married or that they are just about to
be married.
Most of the women who write to the bureau express an interest in fruit
growing, dairying or poultry raising; but there are some women who want to
tackle the heavy work of general farming, and some who want to raise cattle
In a number of cases three or four women have pooled their resources to bujr
a farm. Most of these Intending women farmers are unmarried. A mnjorlty
of those who give their previous occupations have been school-teachers.
About one-half of the tillable 'land In the United States is uncultivated..
To be exact, there are about 275,000,000 acres of good farm land lying idle
Ibis land Is scattered throughout the West and South, and can be purchased'
at moderate prices.
Government officials predict that there will be a continued heavy demand;
nil over the world for American food products for some years.
"Millions for Bonds, but No Tax on Ice Cream'
OFFICIAL Washington has been keeping an ear close to the ground to see how
the public takes' the tax on luxuries. "We need the money," Is their motto,,
but just the same they want to know how tho people feel about It. "Millions,
tor bonds, but not one cent on Ico
irenm" wems to be the answer.
Tho experience of the revenue
Jlllce In collecting this tax shows con
clusively that the American people
are. just as averse.as ever to paying a
tax which looks like a tax, and which
tins to be paid every day instead of
ince a yenr in a lump.
It also shows that the attitude of
tho average man toward being taxed
Is much the same as his attitude to
ward having a tooth nulled, lie" wants
tho thing done quickly nnd painlessly, and just us he trusts the dentist to pull
the right tooth and not to remove an Indispensable molar, so he trusts congress
to levy an economically sound tax, and refuses to worry about that phase of
he matter himself.
He will buy Liberty bonds with n whoop of joy, stimulated by a parade
and a little oratory. He will pay a heavy tax In the way of tariff without m
whimper because he doesn't see the money go. lie will pay an Income tnx
after some swearing and perspiring, because the thing is done all at once, and
his Injured finances und feeling have time to recover before the dreadful day
comes around again; 1
But he will not dally plank down an extra penny or so for soft drinks.
It reminds hlni constantly thnt he Is living taxed.
It causes him to carry around a lot of small change.
The cash girl gets all mixed up, nnd It's a general mess.
The fact that a luxury tax is the most equitable aud economical tax'
which can be levied does not mean anything to him.
American Legion Appeals to the American Women
A MERICAN women are taking up the American Legion idea enthusiastically..
n The name of the English nurse, Edith Cavell, who was shot by the Ger
mnns, hns been chosen us the title for the first post. The Edith Cavell post of
the American Legion will be coninosed
r r-w..w. immmim
W3
nearly every state of the Union. llondquarlTs has now ruled that the first
charter would be given to the yeomanettes of the Brooklyn navy yard. Wash
Ingtoh, D. C. came second with a P.osty Boss post. Next In line came appli
cations from the West for a Martini Washington post mid a Molly Pitcher post.
.Manhattan was fifth with an application for a Barbara Frletchte post.
The war and navy departments have paid official tributes to the work
which American women did In the great war. Many American girls am
women of more mature age undorweht virtually all the dangers that the men
underwent. Thousands of American women crossed the heu In the days oC
submarine dangers and entered on work France which took them weli into
the zone of fire. Scores of women have-won decorations from th" Amcrloiin
government. or from the allied govornmei.is of Europe, not only for tho heroic
work of self-sacrifice, but for high courage In times of great danger.
Motion Picture Is the Reaj 'Universal Language
- ,
THE reuj universal language, the .tin- that Is understood everywhere without
study. Is the motion picture. This has In (n denioiistiai i recently l.y a
number of American exiMirieij who are using the movie for mk h .llllicult task!-
ns selling shoes to Asiatics who nl-
ways havo gone bnroftjol, and soap to
natives who regard water exclusively
as a beverage.
The movie does not enter easily
Into domestic t ratio, or even into
trade between equally olvlllxed coun
tries. But when It conn to trailing
with the hinterland peopk of the
tropics, who are Just becoming ac
quainted with modern conveniences,
the movie Is a boon.
A great difficulty which American
trade has encountered In foreign countries Is the cautious altitude of natives
toward a now proportion.
For example, It Is no easy matter to convince the people of an Indian,
village that au American chair Is a desirable piece of furniture. Even if th
salos agent speaks their language nnd employs eloquent nrguments-rwen If
ho sits on thoiqucur-looklnK object -the native hesitate. In ii'.'h a sltuutlot
the moving picture often has saved the Oh.v and the salesman's roputiUlon. He
runs olT a reel of film In the village market place or In a bulldlnjf.
The native sees chairs J:i process qf construction from haruiluHs plocea o
roud.
fie gets used to the Idea of a cbulr.
persons applied to the bureau for help
in getting farm;!. About 15 per cent;
of these were men buck from war, and
n large numbor of women were also
nmong the applicants.
Town folk who want to get out ln
the country make up another largo
section of the bnck-to-the-so1 army.
Farmers who have sold out land
at fancy prices In thickly settled parts
of the country, and wnnt to buy-
(THIS TAX IS Art")
of yeomanettes of the Brooklyn navy
yard.
After It was decided at the St
Louls American Legion caucus that
Avonion were eligible for membership
In, the legion Chief Electrician James:
F. Goerlcl; called together the yeoman
ettes of the Brooklyn station and on
May 12 the first application for a
woman's post was filed I.;,- them. With
in the next two weeks applications foi-
Edlttl (MYIll lUICtC WIIVO T'-rw 1-..,1 IViitrl.
I WW
! to $1,000,000,000.