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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (July 22, 1919)
THE SEMI.WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA. 4 Censor Helped. Defeat Performed Great Service , Guarding Allies' Interests During War. in THWART MANY FOE SCHEMES Orltlsh Official Expunoed "Lord of Hosts" From Lloyd George' Speech as Xalwr's "Aid de Camp" Smuggling Prevented. The I!rltlili postal censor Is soon go ng the way of the telegraph and rnhle .onsorshlp out. Judging from orltl '.'Isms Iti America, such aw that of the Merchants' association to tin postmus tor general, Ihe going of this war In stitution will be Just hh Joyously wel comed abroad as In England. Hut whatever the petulance of those who think wnr reatrletlon have held over too long, the postal censor, In the opin ion of lliooe who have watched his work from the viewpoint of British nnd nllled (.ernrlty throughout the wnr. has been of the grentost service In defeating Germany. The nearness of the date of the de mise of this Institution hns culled forth considerable Information nhout Its work. Tlius fnr, however, there has been no amusing Ride such as was fhown during the obsequies for the .nble censorship. lust after Mr. Lloyd George succeed ed Lord Kitchener as secretary for war It Is related that he provided the ammunition for the censor to give the puragraphers n lease on war life. Mr. Lloyd George went to Brumshott to hid good !y to a Canadian division about to cross the channel. After the Inspection he made a speech frbm his motorcar, concluding with a quo tation from the Hlhle: "And may , the Lord of Hosts be with you." Corre spondents who sent their dispatches first to the censor wore surprised to find the final words of the secretary running In this fashion: "And may w, y-)U J, was amusing, but also serious, In the minds of the news writers, so they protested. However, they got their re ply from the censor's department: "Tito kaiser, having claimed the Lord as his nld-de-cnmp, no reference must be made to the Divinity In this connec tion." ' Enemy 8chemea Thwarted. As I said) the postal censorship hns as yet turned up no morsel of rela tive cholcencss. The postal censor ship, however, has thwarted many en emy schemes thnt make Just as In teresting or more Interesting read ing. Furthermore, the Ilrltlsh Jostnl censorship was a much farther reach ing organization than was attempted In America, simply because England was the channel through which virtu ally all questionable mull matter flowed. POSTWAR ACTIVITIES ON THE THAMES liltMMiWi m With the end of the war the locks with pleasure craft again. Great crowds flock to this river to enjoy the . pleasures It affords. Our photograph shows Houlter's lock on a warm Simdny. Cotton Seized in 1867 Is Paid for by U. S. Savannah, On. The claim of tho Imperial Importing and Im porting Company of Georgia for $170,000.(10 for cotton Illegally seized by the federal govern ment In 1807 has been paid, It developed through the filing of a petition In superior court here for permission to notify by ad vertisements stockholders and others Interested. The money Is to bo divided nmong residents of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas nnd Virginia, Lawyers, however, will got half of the total. The case reached final decision In federal courts recently after ten years of litigation. Truth Is mighty mighty scarce. Germany The powtnl rcimtr In London was the 'In in which held the flood of continental mull until each portion of It could be passed upon and approved before be ing scattered over the wide word. An bleu of the Immensity of the 'task can be obtained from the fact thnt a stHflr of nearjy a hundred expert lln gults was constantly employed to ex amine anil approve mail matter writ ten and printed In more than n hun dred languages and dialects. Manu scripts In every conceivable tongue found their place In this great muss of mall, estimated at about 1W1.000 let ters dally. ' Much of the mall was passed with only mechanical Inspection, so sure did the examiners become of certain cate gories of communications. Hut con siderable more than the time saved on harmless mall was consumed In ex haustive examination and tests of questionable matter, some of which was subjected to nil manner of add and X-ray Inquiry to detect hidden messages. Smuggling Prevented. There was also for a time a great smuggling campaign, harmless looking bundles such as newspapers contain Voice Orders ule Development of Radio Telephone Permits Personal Direction of Fleets. PREVENTS MAHY ACCIDENTS At Signing of Armistice Training In Voice-Commanded Flying Was Well Under WayPilots Di rected From Ground. Washington. Previous to the entry of the United States Into the war, the problem of ulrplnne radio development had received attention from the army. In August, 1010, the first wireless transmission from airplanes was made. In the years following the development of the airplane radio was curried on through a series of accomplishments. These may be sijmniod as follows: i!01!i MCHSuge transmitted from ulr plnne to ground by wireless telegraph over a distance of 50 miles. 1015 Fan type of driving the wire less power plant on the airplane de veloped and adopted. lOttJ Itadlo tolegruph transmission from nlrplune successful over 140 iiumiiih remr.in v..r.fia,i. of the Thames river are becoming alive R ALIENS GOING HOME 1 ,300,000 Will Take $4,000,000, 000 With Them. Chicago Expert Figures on Vast Exo dus for the Department of Labor. Washington, D. C One million three hundred thousand aliens In the United States are planning to dosort this country for their homeland and J hoy will take with them approximate- 4,000.000.000 America,!! dollars. These facts were disclosed In a re port by Etholhort Stewart of Chicago, director of the Investigation nipl In spection service of the department of labqr, after an Investigation of pros pective emigration from Aiuerlcu. The estimate, Mr, Stewart says, Is conservative. That the aliens wlli take $4,000,000,000 lu figured on the' basis ing various commodities then obtain able In enemy countries, such as oof. few, rice, tobnrco. sugar, and so on. Sotne-pren contained rubber hlddtn be tween the pages of the papers. The most-sought-after evidence was that of military character, and the ecti worship of malls more than repaid Its expensive outlay In detecting In formation that mlftht have wrought havoe with allied arms, or at least helped 'Germany In no uncertain de gree. There Is little doubt that none of that character of Information which the censorship oblnlncd will be made public, but officials directing Britain's wnr machines have not been slow to sny that thanks to the postal censorship much valuable military Information, of every conceivable character, came, to their attention. Propaganda was the greatest nnd most constant effort of the Germans. The most harmless appearing sots of newspapers and magazines, some of them with covers dated before the war, dlapatched from neutral nations to Individuals or societies, such as sci entific organizations, were often found to contnln the latest German accusa tions nf British mismanagement In Egypt. India or Ireland. Hooks, not al ways In Germnn, were found to con tnln everything except what the title proclaimed. The postal censorship to day pofeses an Intensely Interesting museum of many of the propaganda carriers the Germans sent out, or caused to he sent out from their ngents In neutral countries. Air War miles of distance; radio messages transmitted between airplanes In flight; airplane radio telephone con structed. 11117 The human voice transmitted by radio telephone from nlrplune to ground. Talk Thousands of Miles. Contemporaneous with this was the commercial development of the radio telephone for ground and ship use by engineers of the American Telephone and Telegraph company. This culmi nated In a successful transmission from the naval radio station at Arling ton to stations . thousands of miles away. In May, 1017, stops were tnken to combine the experience of the engi neers and of the army In developing the airplane wireless. Six weeks later the airplane tele phone was a fact, and In October, 1017, a long-range test was made. Tele phonic communication was carried on between ulrplunos In flight up to 23 miles apart and from airplane to ground up to a distance of -15 miles. The development of voice command ed Hying was definitely begun at Gerst ner field, La., in May, 1018. On .lune 1 an aerial review was given by an air fleet of two squadrons of 18 planes each, followed by a close order drill by a section of six airplanes. Throughout the review and the drill command was exercised by the voice of the commander flying with the fleet. In September following, voice ooin ;nnnded flying was Instituted at sev eral other fields. Avoids Many Accidents. By using the airplane radio tele phono In Instructing aviators in aerial I gunnery It was found possible to reach , the same etllciency with a saving of one-third of the time. Hy exercising control over pilots In the nlr, accidents were practically eliminated. At the signing of the armistice, de velopment and training In voice com manded flying was well under way. .Numerous demonstrations were held. during November and December and a fleet of 20-1 airplanes was maneuvered In the air at San Diego by voice com mand. In the practical application of the airplane radio telephone to airplanes, over fl.OM) (lights have been made with this apparatus In this country. Tn the last 2,000 (lights there have been ouly 74 cases of airplane trouble and oaly 25 oases of radio trouble. Shipments of the apparatus io France In quantities began August and September, 1018, and of trained air service radio personnel In October. Had the war continued tho volee-coni- manded military air unit would jdoubtedly have "made Itself felt. un- that the average amount em-h nii., will carry Is $:i,000. , An official statement from n. .1.. partmont of labor says that no m 1 1 Investigations covered Chicago, the iniunna sieei mill district (South cut 011 go, East Chicago, Indiana Harbor South Head, Gary, etc.). Detroit. I'ltu burgh and surrounding steel districts .loniifiiown, ra., loungstown. o , Wllkosburre. Pn., and surroundlm? mining area. Of 10U.40S Poles covered bv tj. m vestlgatlon, 24.WM), or 15.04 per cent will retrtin to Poland, Austrn-Hunga-rlans, 28.02 per cent; Husslans. :70 per cent; Croatian. 21.75 per cent Lllhuanlans, 0.72 per cent; Homnaii laus. 04.20 per cent; Italians and Greeks. 11 per -cent; Serbs. ,'M.iiO Pl.r cent; Slovaks, it 1.50 per cent. Tho center of the quinine cultivation activity until recently In Punie li;,, been transferred to .lava. BTOLPBI6 5a?lAmf y BENEFITS OF COUNTRY ROADS Among Other Things They Cheapen Cost of Transportation of Farm Products to Market Good roads p-omote self-respect In a community. They make possible social intercourse. They bring tho benefits of churches nnd schools with in the reach of nil. They help to keep the boy.s on the farm. They cheapen the cost of transportation of farm products to the markets and thus add to the farm profits. They add to the value of farm lands much more than they cost. Thoy mark the degree of civilization of the rural community. This, In short. Is the vnlue of good roads as seen by the extension service of the University of Missouri College of Agriculture. The building of good roads Is of the greatest Importance to n community. What kind of a road should be built? Of whnt should it be constructed? Good Roads Like This Bring Farmer Nearer to City Markets. What are the things to be considered In locating the roud? Whnt "grade" should be maintained? How should the road be drained? What are the laws governing highway construction? There are a few questions unswered In extension circular G8 dealing with country roads. Matters of prime consideration In locating a road are: Kasy grades, good drainage, exposure to sunshine, elimination of culverts and bridges by avoiding unnecessary creek crossings, directness and the number of farms to be served for a given length of road. Whenever possible to avoid It, a good location should not bo rejected merely bocnuse a certain roadway hus been In use for some time. If the location of a used road is bad It should be changed If possible. In relocating roads avoid railroad crossings at grades. Tho grade of the road Is important for on this depends the weight of the load which can be hauled economically. By grade is meant the rise or fall In feet for enclt 100 feet In horizontal length of road, usually expressed In percentage. A G per cent grade means that the rond rises or falls 5 feet each 100 feet along Its center line. It hug been calculated tho on n smooth coun try road the load that one horse could pull on a level would require two on a 5 per cent grnde, three on a 10 per cent grade and four oil a Ifi per cent grade. Engineers usually figure a 0 per cent grade as a maximum. Itoad work In Missouri has not been ns well managed as other public work. Projects have been too narrowly lim ited to localities, resulting In frag mentary effort. Skilled locating and supervision of construction have been generally lacking. The remedies are: First, a wider co-operation and the adoption of broad schemes of Improve ment, preferably with units no smallei than counties. Second, the absolute elimination of political considerations? In the spending; of money. Third, se curing good engineering advice in the preparation of plans and requiring careful engineering supervision of con struction. ENGLAND SPENDS 50 MILLION Grants to That Amount Will Be Dis tributed for Reconstruction of Roads and Bridges. Grants amounting to $50,000,000 will be distributed by the British road board for the reconstruction of roads and bridges In England In 1010. De mobilized army units, will be used to do tho labor. Local highway authori ties will be required to match this appropriation by at least as large a program of road work as they carried out In the yenr before the war. Area taken Into consideration, England's program Is thus far In excess of that of the United States, Including both federal aid and state funds. POOR ROADS ARE EXPENSIVE Congressional Report Places Annual Loss at $504,000,000 for Trans portation Alone. The congressional report of 1014 placed the economic loss of the United States through poor roads at an an nual figure of $.104,000,000 for trans portation costs alone. Tho heavy Increase In tonnage since that time probably makes the Joss today close mm Many Americans Are Eager to Get Onto the Soil WASHINGTON. That a great many Americans, Including returned soldlenr and sailors, are eager to become farmers Is shown by the work of the homoseekers bureau of the United States railroad administration. During tho' first three months of 1010 nbout 14,000 C larger places farther West, are also among the applicants. Some of these farmers want to buy .places for boys Just back from the war. There are also n number of applications from farm ers In Canada. These generally went there from the United States and now want to return. The men returned from war usually state they wish to continue an out door life. It Is Interesting to note thnt a majority of the returned soldlera mention either that they have just been married or that they are just about to be married. Most of the women who write to the bureau express an interest in fruit growing, dairying or poultry raising; but there are some women who want to tackle the heavy work of general farming, and some who want to raise cattle In a number of cases three or four women have pooled their resources to bujr a farm. Most of these Intending women farmers are unmarried. A mnjorlty of those who give their previous occupations have been school-teachers. About one-half of the tillable 'land In the United States is uncultivated.. To be exact, there are about 275,000,000 acres of good farm land lying idle Ibis land Is scattered throughout the West and South, and can be purchased' at moderate prices. Government officials predict that there will be a continued heavy demand; nil over the world for American food products for some years. "Millions for Bonds, but No Tax on Ice Cream' OFFICIAL Washington has been keeping an ear close to the ground to see how the public takes' the tax on luxuries. "We need the money," Is their motto,, but just the same they want to know how tho people feel about It. "Millions, tor bonds, but not one cent on Ico irenm" wems to be the answer. Tho experience of the revenue Jlllce In collecting this tax shows con clusively that the American people are. just as averse.as ever to paying a tax which looks like a tax, and which tins to be paid every day instead of ince a yenr in a lump. It also shows that the attitude of tho average man toward being taxed Is much the same as his attitude to ward having a tooth nulled, lie" wants tho thing done quickly nnd painlessly, and just us he trusts the dentist to pull the right tooth and not to remove an Indispensable molar, so he trusts congress to levy an economically sound tax, and refuses to worry about that phase of he matter himself. He will buy Liberty bonds with n whoop of joy, stimulated by a parade and a little oratory. He will pay a heavy tax In the way of tariff without m whimper because he doesn't see the money go. lie will pay an Income tnx after some swearing and perspiring, because the thing is done all at once, and his Injured finances und feeling have time to recover before the dreadful day comes around again; 1 But he will not dally plank down an extra penny or so for soft drinks. It reminds hlni constantly thnt he Is living taxed. It causes him to carry around a lot of small change. The cash girl gets all mixed up, nnd It's a general mess. The fact that a luxury tax is the most equitable aud economical tax' which can be levied does not mean anything to him. American Legion Appeals to the American Women A MERICAN women are taking up the American Legion idea enthusiastically.. n The name of the English nurse, Edith Cavell, who was shot by the Ger mnns, hns been chosen us the title for the first post. The Edith Cavell post of the American Legion will be coninosed r r-w..w. immmim W3 nearly every state of the Union. llondquarlTs has now ruled that the first charter would be given to the yeomanettes of the Brooklyn navy yard. Wash Ingtoh, D. C. came second with a P.osty Boss post. Next In line came appli cations from the West for a Martini Washington post mid a Molly Pitcher post. .Manhattan was fifth with an application for a Barbara Frletchte post. The war and navy departments have paid official tributes to the work which American women did In the great war. Many American girls am women of more mature age undorweht virtually all the dangers that the men underwent. Thousands of American women crossed the heu In the days oC submarine dangers and entered on work France which took them weli into the zone of fire. Scores of women have-won decorations from th" Amcrloiin government. or from the allied govornmei.is of Europe, not only for tho heroic work of self-sacrifice, but for high courage In times of great danger. Motion Picture Is the Reaj 'Universal Language - , THE reuj universal language, the .tin- that Is understood everywhere without study. Is the motion picture. This has In (n denioiistiai i recently l.y a number of American exiMirieij who are using the movie for mk h .llllicult task!- ns selling shoes to Asiatics who nl- ways havo gone bnroftjol, and soap to natives who regard water exclusively as a beverage. The movie does not enter easily Into domestic t ratio, or even into trade between equally olvlllxed coun tries. But when It conn to trailing with the hinterland peopk of the tropics, who are Just becoming ac quainted with modern conveniences, the movie Is a boon. A great difficulty which American trade has encountered In foreign countries Is the cautious altitude of natives toward a now proportion. For example, It Is no easy matter to convince the people of an Indian, village that au American chair Is a desirable piece of furniture. Even if th salos agent speaks their language nnd employs eloquent nrguments-rwen If ho sits on thoiqucur-looklnK object -the native hesitate. In ii'.'h a sltuutlot the moving picture often has saved the Oh.v and the salesman's roputiUlon. He runs olT a reel of film In the village market place or In a bulldlnjf. The native sees chairs J:i process qf construction from haruiluHs plocea o roud. fie gets used to the Idea of a cbulr. persons applied to the bureau for help in getting farm;!. About 15 per cent; of these were men buck from war, and n large numbor of women were also nmong the applicants. Town folk who want to get out ln the country make up another largo section of the bnck-to-the-so1 army. Farmers who have sold out land at fancy prices In thickly settled parts of the country, and wnnt to buy- (THIS TAX IS Art") of yeomanettes of the Brooklyn navy yard. After It was decided at the St Louls American Legion caucus that Avonion were eligible for membership In, the legion Chief Electrician James: F. Goerlcl; called together the yeoman ettes of the Brooklyn station and on May 12 the first application for a woman's post was filed I.;,- them. With in the next two weeks applications foi- Edlttl (MYIll lUICtC WIIVO T'-rw 1-..,1 IViitrl. I WW ! to $1,000,000,000.
