THE SEMLWEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
LOW SALARIED
SUFFER MOST
Labor Department Compiles Sta. :
tistios in Cities That Show
i Expenditures.
FOOD AND RENT COME HIGH
The Lower Your Salary the Greater
Proportion of It You 8pend for
. Food and Shelter, Say. In
vestigators. Washington, The lower your salary,
(the greater percentage of It you spend
for food and shelter, according to the
latest government cost of living I lives
Ifcsutlon. Tables complied by labor depart
ment experts after study of hundreds
of family budgets show the actual cash
outlay for fond and ront Is grenter In
families with the higher Incomes, but
in the average family the expenditures
tor these necessities does not Increase
ob fast as the Income.
In naltlmorc, for Instance, 1!1 fam
ilies with Incomes under $000 averaged
expenditures of $,'(82.05 for food and
$120.41 for renL The average was 40.5
por cent of the total Income for food
end 14.0 for rent. The families whose
Incomes were $2,500 or more, however,
average 13.5 per cent less for food In
comparison with totnl Income and 11.5
less for rent.
Showing how much more cheaply
the higher-salaried families get off In
other cities are these differences:
Pittsburgh, food 15 per cent, rent 7.5
per cent ; Now York, food 0.7 per cent,
rent 7.7 per cent; Boston, food 4.0
per cent, rent 5.2 per cent; Syracuse,
food 4.8 per cent, rent 10 per cent;
Scranton, food 3,7 per cent, rent 0.4
per cent.
How Spending Varies.
ITow families of varying Incomes
spend them Is Indicated by tables
showing average expenditures of dif
ferent groups for Philadelphia and
Camden, N, J. The table deals with
oxpendltures of 301 families of seven
different Income groups.
' Four families whose Incomes wero
under $000 n year averaged per year
for food $305.40; clothing. $100.87;
rent, $170.25; fuel nnd light, $03.01;
furniture, $15.22; miscellaneous,
$100.52. The nverago totnl expendi
ture per family was $821.20, and the
nverngo number of persons per family
4.3. Throe families In this group re
ported surpluses which averaged $24.33
per fnmlly, while oun had a deficit of
$5157.85.
Seventy-five families with Incomes
of $1,500. but under $1,800. reported
oxpendltures that averaged for food
BRITAIN DEPORTING BOLSHEVISTS
About oiu liundVed hoiVioi ts uv removed from Brixton prison. Lon
don, for deportation to Russia They wero placed In motorbusses and taken
to the embarkation port. The photograph shows a tuimll croud of relatives
ami friends of tho prisoners gathering about tho enhance to the prison as
the llrst motorhus was tilled up.
RED ORGY
iCity, Freed of Bolshevist Rule,
Reveals Terrible Story.
IMen, Women and Children Killed
Without Trial, Many After
Horrlblo Torture.
. London, Parm, the llrst city of any
jsr.o - retaken by Admiral Kolehnk's
All-Russian army from the bolshevlkl.
offers n great study in "red" atrocities.
Perm Is virtually a slaughter houRe.
HIundrodH of bodies of bolshevlkl vic
tims already havo been recovered, and
unore nre being found every day.
In the garden of a seminary, where
holshevlsf chleftalus wore wont to
hold their revels, the bodies of two
dozen schoolgirls nlready have boon
recovered. These glrU, ranging In age
from twelve to sixteen, were llrst. at
nicked by "red" ollleetH, then when the
.(lends hiu' tired of their orgy tho vic
miki.co; .i.ri,itu.., ms3;rit.KKKMM;
iiu-i mm iiiili ipMi.uil, J III ill ill I If
$70.02; miscellaneous, $,'U0.fi0. Totnl
expenditures per family averaged
$1,585.77 fr urr average number of -1.7
persons por family. Sixty-two families
ended the year with an ii vertigo sur
plus of $125.0:1, nine experienced an av
erage deficit of SirKLSl. while four bal
anced their hooks evenly.
Study Many Cities.
Eleven families with an Income of
$2,500 or over averaged In their ox
pendltures for food, $I14.42 J clothing,
JP470.M); rent, ?2.r0.;ifl; fuel nnd light,
$05.10; furniture, $127.83; miscellane
ous, $l0-J.;n. The total average ex
penditures por family was $2,527.80
for an average family of 7.0 persons.
All families reported n surplus. The
average surplus was $409.52.
Similar studies have heen prepared
by the labor department for groups of
representative families In Haltlniore,
Yanks Salvage
Immense Booty
German Guns Worth Many Mil
lions Are Found in Ar
gonne Forest.
WEAPONS ABANDONED BY FOE
Teutons Left Artillery and Shells In
Mad Flight When Americans Ad
vanced Forest Cleaned by
Doughboys.
PnrlSi War booty valued at more
than $5,000,000, left by the Germans
In their flight from the Argonne for
est, the scene of America's greatest
battle In the world war, Iiuh been col
lected by a force of negro soldiers who
liavo been cleaning up the famous bat
tlefield. Machine guns, rifles, muni
tions and war supplies of all kinds
have been collected In every wooded
ravine, dugout and trench la the Ar-gonne-Mouse
sector, comprising 480
stpinre miles.
The American englueers moved up
to the battlefield soon after tlio armis
tice was signed. For miles around
there was not a village or farm that
was occupied.
Orders wore issued to squads of
American salvage engineers to pick up
OF MURDER
tims were killed by being tapped on
the head with a wooden mn.Hct.
Tills seminary garden is ope con
tinuous grave of miked bodies and
skeletons. Identification of the vie-1
thus Is Impossible. A Russian countess ;
and her daughter were tied to posts !
In this garden, stripped of their
clothes, then killed by a succession of
dngger pricks-all over tljelr bodies. A
dozen priests were crucllied head
downward; two others were boiled In
oil.
Hundreds of the upper classes of
the city, men, women nnd children,
sentenced to death without trial, wero
tnkon, to the edge of a swamp outsldu
tho city and given their choice of Hoe
ing Into the swnmp or being shot
down where they stood. Miny (lashed
Into the swamp, only to be engulfed
In tho quicksands. Tho other wero
shot down at the edge of a ditch, Into
which their bodies fell, and left un-
j covered iluilng the entire winter.
South Sea Beauties Use
Chalk on Complexion
Philadelphia. -Paint and pnw-
der oil the faeos of "women the
world over" were condemned by
X ltev. Dr. A. Pohlmnn at the
i Presbyterian ministerial confor
l ence In the Wlthorspoon build
I Ing. Doctor Pobliuan, who was
j formerly nn African missionary,
s said :
"In their desire to make their
faces attractive by paint and
powder women nro the same the
world over. In Liberia they use
; white chalk on their black faces.
; Hero they use red and pink.
; What Is the difference"
Uoston, Bridgeport, Buffalo, Chambers
burg, Pa.; Dover, N. J.; Kail HIver,
Mas. ; Johnstown, N. Y.; Lawreiwe,
Mass.; Manchester, X. II.; Newark,
N. .1.; New York city, Pittsburgh,
Portland, .Me.; Providence, R. I.; Rut
land, Vt. ; Scranton, Syracuse, Trenton,
West field, Mass. ; and Wilmington,
Del.
every gun they found, broken or In
serviceable condition, as well as all
war material, and place the supplies
along the nearest roail for collection
In army trucks. The colored fighters
received Instructions that whenever
thoy came across an unexploded shell
they were not to touch It, but to put
up n little stick beside It with a noto,
so that the munition salvagers could
find It later.
The doughboys soon made the dis
covery that the Hermans In their
(light abandoned hundreds of machine
guns and even largo pieces of artillery
which the Yankees, in their hurry to
advance, hnd failed to see.
Loaded In Box Cars.
One of the discoveries made by the
Americans who have complete'd the
task of cleaning up the battlefield was
the unusually large number of ma
chine guns the Germans had Installed
In the Argonne forest. No information
was secured as to the number the
enemy was able to save in his (light
toward the Rhine, hut thousands of
these weapons were left behind. In
one small sector of the battlefield sev
eral hundred enrs were loaded with
machine guns.
In one town located in the rear of
tho battlefield there Is a pile of brass
shell cases, abandoned by the Ger
mans, that would more than (111 tho
hold of n large ocean freighter. It
Was estimated that nearly 1,000,000
shell cases hnd heen piled In that vil
lage. These have been purchased by
the French government.
Salvage Work Expensive.
Experts with the American expedi
tionary forces have estimated that the
Yankees hnd captijred 200 per cent
more war booty In tho Argonne forest
! than their records will show. This
was due, it Is said, to the rapidity of
the American advance nnd to the
hurry of the Germans to leave their
dugouts add weapons and surrender to
their conquerors.
The work of cleaning up the Ar
gonne battlefield, however, hns been an
expensive one, although vast ounntl-
; ties of copper, brass and steel have
i heen salvaged, it lias cost more than
$2,000,000 to complete the task, hut
the work has heen a success financial
I ly, as the booty la worth more than
twice that sum.
Soldier Beats Train.
Junction City, Kan,- Trains were
too slow for a certain Kansas soldier
I who lias heen away from his home at
Sallna for two years. When he re
turned to Camp Funston the other day
i lie received a pass to spend Suntlny
at Sallna, Instead of waiting several
hours for the next train to his home
town, he hit the highway and was for
tunate In catching an automobile ride
to Abilene. His good luck did not
foresake lilni there, for ho again tool,
to the road and another motorcar
picked him up and landed him In Sn
Una about the ti mo the train vu
leaving Junction City.
80, SHE TAKES AIR FLIGHT
Atlantic City Widow Goes Up 3,000
Feet as Aviator Does
Stunt
Atlantic City, N. J, Mrs. r, 0i
Wilcox, who Is eighty, tho widow of nil
army colonel, lives In a little cottage
near the Hold where atrmon have neen
doing daring exhibition performances
The fascination tempted her until slu
could stand It no longer and recently
she gave the most experienced aviation
fans at the air port a thrill by taking
a ride with Kddlc Stlnson. who ascend
ed 8,000 feet.
"1 want, you to go as high as you
can," she said to the daring llyer, "and
ih ail tho stunts 1 have seen you do
with others."
Stuck With Gum.
Maiden, Mass. A guiu salesman
Htutsh several merchant with l.ooti
sticks of gum for which ho promised
to supply vending ,niachlue. He didn't
Now ' the police are Mlcktng on lib-trull.
GOOD
ROADS
PROSPERITY IN GOOD ROADS
Future Development of Country Must
Begin With Improved Highways
to Relieve Congestion.
There nro today some 2,500,000 miles
of rural roads in tho United Stntes. Of
till amount perhaps 12 per cent could
be classified as Improved, while only
about one-fourth of one per cent can
1)0 snld to be suitable for tho carriage
of heavy-duty motortrucks. And In the
face of tills condition it can be said
without chance of contradiction that
the futuro development of the United
States rest3 upon the roads.
The past few ;vars havo witnessed
n tremendous tu.nover in transporta
tion from tho railway to tho highway,
says Roy D. Cliapln, former chairman
of the highways transport committee
of the council of national defense.
The congestion which prevailed during
the wnr made necessary the commer
cial utilization of the highway to on
extent thought Impossible n scant few
years ago.
The motortruck, little known be
fore the war, sprang into prominence
as a commercially practical form of
transportation, nnd while the lighting
has ceased the need for the motor
truck remains with us, more Insistent
thnn ever before.
Within certain limitations the
freight car of tho highway Is' more
efficient than the rail carrier, and be
cause of It It may be taken as a per
manent form of transportation nnd one
destined to hnve a large influence on
the movements of trade in the future.
The hour has struck when the fast
moving efficient motor vehicle of com
merce must replace the horse dnd the
costly terminal charges which prevail
upon the short-haul branches of the
rail lines. Already tho motortruck
has become a "feeder" to tho railroad ;
shortly It Is destined to aid enormous
ly to the profitable long hauls, while
entirely or very nearly so eliminating
the unprofitable spurs.
Ttallroad men generally recognize
the new movement and welcome it.
Street railway, men, not so keenly
alert to Itg possibilities as n feeder to
their lines, have yet to take the full
est advantnge of tho opportunities
which it presents.
But back of the motortruck rests
the road. While the highway as such
is of little interest to those outside of
the engineering Held, as ri means for
transportation it becomes of vital Im
portance to every citizen of tho United
Stntes, whether he be In profession or
trade, a minister, a merchant, n doc
for. High and low, rich and poor, the
toad comes Into contnet with all of us,
and upon its relative efficiency de
ptnds to, n greater extent than most of
Motortruck Used to Haul
Produce to Market.
Farm
us dream the ultimate cost of all that
wo eat, wear, have.
"No one knows how much the coun
try pays for cartage," said William C.
Kcdflcld, secretary of commerce, re
cently, "but anyone who ( looks into
tho question Is pretty-sure to find out
that tho (Igures are larger than ho
thought it could be.
Yet enrtage Is but one phase of road
costs. Poor roads mean Isolation,
which in turn mean fewer possibil
ities for education, fewer opportuni
ties for wealth, lower real estate val
uations as woll as lncreused costs of
Bupplles. Kvcry sound, fundamental
economic reason speaks out for tho
durable road, just as it protests against
the poor, Inadequately constructed
highway.
Despite these facts, which will bo
verified, by all who have studied the
question, despite the fact that the offi
cial government figures placed the
hauling over the highways at 2,000,
000,000 ton-miles In 1017, our roads are
today all that they should not be.
They are Inefficient, Inadequate, anti
quated. IMPROVE TO SAVE HAULING
Hardening Surface, Reducing Grade or
Shortening Distance Brings Farm
Nearer to Town.
The test of a wagon road is the
amount of work that can be dono on
It without injury thereto, that Is the
time and labor required In hauling over
!(. Any improvement, whether in hard
ening its'surface, easing its grnde, or
shortening the distance, reduces the
time and effort of getting to market
and brings the farm nearer to town.
Soldiers' Settlement Bill May Be Enacted Early
WASHINGTON. The soldiers' settlement bill Is believed to be certnln of ,
passage early. Tills legislation Is designed to provide rural homes for
men who hnve served In the mllltnry forces of the United States during tlie-
war. Principal features of the legis
totaling .$500,000,000 and will empower
tho secretary of the interior to acquire lands by purchase, or gift, in addition
to using public lands. Projects will be .developed in every state where
suitable lands are available, but sites will he selected only where there are
sulllclent nreas to form community centers.
The secretary of the Interior also will be authorized to put the lands. .
acquired for these purposes In condition for use and cultivation. v This work
will Involve Irrigation In arid territory, drainage in swamps, stump pulling:
and leveling in cut-over areas and general rcstoratlou, Including clearing, Jn
ubandoned farming sections. Roads necessary to provide access to the
projects will bo built.
Cash will be advanced to help tho soldier-settler get started.
Uncle Snm gives settlers 40 years to complete payments.
The government will furnish instruction through experts in farming.
. , ,
As Good New Fish in the Sea as Ever Were Caught
ATA concerning sen fish hnving good food vnlue, but not generally knowa
or ultllized, are being gathered by P. W. Partridge of the United States-
bureau of fisheries, who Is In New Orleans to make a study of the drum fish
off the coast' of that state. Mr. Part
ridge has spent six weeks along tho
gulf const from Caxamhns, Tex., to
Pass Christian, Investigating fishing
conditions nnd Intends to continue ills
round of the coast to Galveston.
"It Is surprising how many vajjle-"
ties of good fish are practically tin
used as food," suld Mr. Partridge.
"The government Is anxious to get a
market for these. America Is one of tho
poorest consumers of fish in the world
principally because the majority of
the housewives do not know how to make that food palatable. Last winter
the government sent me out with demonstrators who taught the women of
several cities of the country how to prepare fish properly. The results were
remarkable. In St. Louis we were informed by the ilsh dealers that their
business had dojibled after our visit.
"All along the gulf there is an enormous supply of drum fish which,
makes splendid eating, but is not caught for the maiket. These fish vary in
weight from 18 to, 45 pounds when mature. The lurgest ono ever caught
tipped the scales at 140 pounds. The government hopes thnt this fish will be
used as food. Then there nre the blue runners, ladyfish, groupers and many
other kinds, which would supply great amounts of food if the public got to
know how delicious they are."
The government put the tile fish on the market two years ago In the
markets of New Englnnd coast. Up to that time they were practically un
known as food, hut now there Is a big demand for them.
Another fish Introduced lately as food by the bureau Is smoked sand
shark. Chicago took 10,000 pounds of it last winter. This shark -Is caught
off the coast of Cape Cod, Mass., and resembles smoked hnlibut in flavor."
1
Porto Rico, Needing Schools, Asks Uncle Sam's Aid
PORTO RICO, It appears, needs education and wants It. A petition request
ing federal aid has come before congress. It is signed by Arthur Ynger,
governor, and Paul G. Miller, eominlssloucr of education. It asks that a law
be enacted appropriating $2,000,000 a
dren of compulsory school age, be
tween eight and fourteen years ; that of. the aforesaid number 10-1,005 children
have intended the public schools during the current year, and that more chil
dren can not be admitted for lack of teachers and facilities.
That the resources of the people of Porto Rico are not sufficient to meet
their educational needs nnd requirements ; thnt at the present time there are
employed 2,081 teachers In all grades of public schools, Including the uni
versity; that the salaries are entirely Inadequate; that in order to provide
proper facilities for all the children not in school at tho present time 4,000
additional teachers carefully trained and adequately paid are necessary.
That when the change of sovereignty occurred there was not a single
public school building erected for school purposes In Porto Rico; that ut the
present time there are 5-10 publicly Owned buildings ; that 1,200 schools are
installed in rented buildings, few of which meet the necessnry hygienic
requirements ; that to provide facilities for all the children not in school 5,200
additional modern schoolrooms ure necessary.
The proposed appropriation is to he made available for school purposes of
all kinds.
Low salaries make it dlfllcult to secure trained Kuglish-speaklng teachers.
If the Constitution follows the flag, education should keep it company.
A New Problem: The "Joy-Flyer". Now in Our fViidst:
RKCKLKSS "Joy-flyers" are already with us, and may becomo as much a
problem In tho near future ns the reckless auto drivers. During a recent,
parade in New York, a hydro-airplane Hew up nnd down Fifth avenue, over
the heads of a crowd packed into the
streets like cobblestoues, at an eleva
tion estimated to be not more thnn 500
feet.
Kvory aviator knows that flying
nt low elevations Is the most dangor
ous kind of flying. If englue trouble
hud caused that llyer to come downt
he could not have chosen a safe land
ing. Ten to one lie would have
smashed into the crowd, killing and
maiming many.
Tills occurrence wns called to the
attention of the Joint army and navy board aeronautic cognizance, which has.
control of nil aircraft licenses for civilians. It was discovered that the reck
less (Iyer was u civilian who had no license.
To protect the public agulnst careless flyers Is the object of tho aero
nautic board. Licenses will bo Issued only to responsible persons who havo
quallfied as pilots. The government is not opposed to civilian flying, but it
does require that a person must first take out u pilot's license, to operate nu
airplane, seaplane or u balloon.
These licenses nre Issued without cost. Anyone desiring n pilot's llcenso
should mnke application to the Joint army and nuvy board of aeronautic
cognizance, building D., Sixth and IJ streets. Northwest, Washington, D. O.
lation are: Discharged soldiers, sail
ors and marines will bo employed at
$4 a day In the development of public
lands; those who desire may ob
tain allotments of tho reclaimed land
for farming at a price to be fixed
later, with liberal terms of puyment;
those who take over such land may
borrow up to $2,000 apiece for devel
opment of their furnis.
The bill will enrry authorizations:
year for 20 years, and sets forth the
followlng facts umong others:
Thar according to the federal
census of 1010 the percentage of adult
Illiteracy in Porto Rico was C0.C; that
the present estimated percentage of.
adult Illiteracy is 54.
That at the present time there are
in Porto Rico 427.0GG children of legal
school age, between the ages of llvo
and eighteen years, and 215,819 chil