THE BEMI.WSEKLV TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
OFFICIAL SUMMARY
OF PEACE TREATY
S ARE 10 SIGN
COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS IS FIRST SECTION
OF THE GREAT DOCUMENT.
ALSACE-LORRAINE RESTORED
Boar Valley and Danzig International'
Ized Germany's Military and
Naval Power Made Nominal
Total Reparation to Do
Determined Later.
The official summnry of the peace
treaty submitted to tho Gorman repre
sentatives at Versailles by tho allied
fieaco conference delegates Is as fol
owsi Tlio preamble n'mes as parties of
the one part tho United Btates, the
nrltlsh empire, France, Italy and Ja
pan, described as the Ave allied and
associated powers, and Medium, Bo
livia, Brazil, China, Cuba, Ecuador,
Oreece, Guatemala, Haiti, tho Hcdjaz,
Honduras, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama,
Peru, Poland, Portugal, Iloumanla, Ser
bia, Slam, Czccho-Slovakla and Uru
guay, who with tho five abovo are de
scribed ns tho allied and associated
powers; and on tho other part, Ger
many, Section One League of Nation.
Tho covenant of tho league of na
tions constitutes Section 1 of tho peace
treaty, which places upon tho leaguo
many specinc In addition to Its general
duties. It may question Germany at
any time for a violation of tho neutral
ized zono east of tho Rhino as a threat
against tho world's peace. It will ap
point thrco of tho flvo members of tho
Hanr commission, oversea Its regime
and carry out tho plebiscite. It will
appoint tho high commissioner of Dan
zig, guarantee tho Independence of tho
freo city and arrange for treaties be
tween Danzig and Germany and Po
land. It will work out tho mandatory
system to bo applied to tho former
German colonics, and aet as a final
court In part of the plebiscites of tho
Belgian-German frontier, and In dis
putes as to tho Kiel canal, and dccldo
certain of tho economic and financial
problems. An International conforenco
on labor Is to be held in October under
Its direction, and another on tho Inter
national control of ports, waterways
ana railways is foreshadowed.
Section Two Boundaries of Germany.
Germany cedes to Franco Alsaco-Lor-
raino, 6,000 square miles of It In tho
touthwest. and to Bolgium two small dis
tricts botwecn Luxemburg! and Holland,
totalling 989 square miles. Bho also cedes
to Poland tho southeastern tin of Silesia
beyond and Including Oppeln, most of
Posen and West Prussia, 27,686 squaro
miles, East Prussia being Isolated from
tho main body by a part of Poland. Gor
many loses sovereignty over tho north
easternmost tip of East Prussia. 40 square
miles north or tho river Momol. and. tho
Internationalized areas about Danzig, 729
square mncs, ana tno basin or tlie Haar,
738 sauaro miles, between tho western bor.
der of the Rhonlsh palatinate of Bavaria
una me soumeaat corner or L,uxomDurg.
Tho Danzlc area consists of the V he-
tweon tho Nogat and Vistula rivers made
Into a W by the addition of a similar .V
on tho west Including tho city of Danzig.
The southeastern third of East Prussia
and tho area between East Primula end
the Vistula, north nf lntlttlri'n M ilnirrnaa
detained hv nonSlnr vnt r. m,K
ocnieswig, squaro miles,
Section Three European Political
Classes.
BELGIUM, Germany Is to consent to
the abrogation of thn treaties nf 1R.VI liv
which Belgium was established as a nou-
irai stato anu to agree in advance, to any
Convention With which thn nlllnil nn,l nu.
soclated powers may determine to replace
muni, ana m iu recognize me run sover
eignty at Delirium nvnr thn fonlmtnil lor.
rltory bf Morosnet and ovor part of
Prussian Morcunet. and to renounce In
favor of Delirium nil rltrhtH nvnr thn oltlnn
of Eupon and Malmedy, tho Inhabitants
of which oro to be entitled within six
months to protest against this chango of
sovereignty either In whole or In part, tho
final decision to bo resorvod to tho leaguo
of nations, A commission Is to sottlo the
details of tho frontier, and various regu
lations for change of nationality are laid
down.
LUXEMBOURG. Germany ronounces
her various treaties nml rnnvnminn. ....
tho grand duchy of Luxembourg, rocog-
mv ii I'uuBuu in ue a part or tho
German zollvoroln from January 1 last,
renounces all rlcht nf nxnlnitntinn nt
railroads, adheres to tho abrogation of Its
neutrality, and accepts In advance any
International agreemont as to It, reached
"j no uincti iiuu auaucinicu powors.
IiKVT HANK OP TUB RHINi: As
provided la the mllltnrr ilnm. n.
mnny will not mnlntnln nny fortlflcn
tlons or armed forces lens (linn llfty
kilometer to the emit of the Ithlue,
hold nny maneuvers, nor mnlntnln nny
works to fncllltnte inoblllsntlon.
In case of violation, "sho shall bo re
garded RS COmmlttlncr n hnallln n
against the powers who sign tho pres
ent treaty and as Intending to disturb
the poaco of the world."
"By vlrtuo of the present treaty
Germany shall bo bound to respond to
nny request for an explanation which
tho council of the league of nations
may think It necessary to address to
her.
jvirtuii.-ivuiwiAiiNii After recog-
, ......... ui inn Him m uuugnuon to re-
fin mo wrong uono in is7i Dy Ger
many to France nnd thn mnnl nf ai.
sace-Lorralne, tho territories ceded to
Germany by the treaty of Frankfort
are restored to France with their
front ere as before 1871. to dato from
the signing of the armistice, and to be
free of all public debts.
Clllzcnshln la rci-iilnli.il liv tniA
provisions distinguishing those who
are Immediately restored to full French
citizenship, those who have to make
formal application therefor, and those
thrW vm,unaMiiral,itat.,on ?pen 0,ter
. -, luni-uH.utu uiuHs in
cludes German residents in aiha.
Lorraine, as distinguished from those
who acquire the position of Alsace
- Lorraine as defined In the treaty. All
nubllo nronertv and nil nrlvntn n.nt,...
ty of German ex-sovcrelgns passos to
France without payment or credit.
Franco Is substituted for Germany as
regards ownership of the railroads and
?ver. concessions of tramways,
7Lne ,lh.,ne.f,rld5ca Pa" to franco with
the obligation tor their upkeep.
1HB 8AAH, In compensation for
mo uosirucuon or coal minus in north
ern Franco and as payment on an.
count, of reparation, Germany cedes to
France full ownership of tho coal
m,,8.J.. of. tne 8aa' basin with their
subsidiaries, accessories and facilities.
Their value will be estimated by the
reparation commission and credited
against that account. The French
rights will be governed by Gorman law
In force at the armistice oxoeptlng war
legislation, France replacing tho pres
ent ownors whom Germany undertakes
to Indemnify. France will contlnuo to
furnish the present proportion of coal
for local needs and contribute In Just
proportion to local taxes. Thn hnnit.
extends from the frontier of Lorraine
y aa re-annexed to France north as far
as St. Wendel, Including on tho west
the valley of the Saar as far as Baar
holcbach and on the east the town of
llomburg.
In order to secure tho rights and
welfare of tHe population and guaran
tee to France entire freedom In wnrlc.
Ing the mines, the territory will be
governed by a commission appointed
y tho league of nations tftid consisting
or five members, one French, one a nutlvu
Inhabitant of the Saar and three repre-
UUiJ
sentlng three different countrlos other
than Franco and Germany, Tho loaguo
will appoint a member of the commission
as chairman to act as executive of the
commission. The commission will have
all powers of government formerly be
Innelnir In the (Ii-rmn errinlre. Prussia
and Bavaria, will administer tho railroads
anu otner public ssrvices ana nave tun
power to Interpret the treaty clauses. Tho
local courts will continue but subject to
the commission.
After fifteen vcars n nleblsclte will be
heir' by communos to ascertain tho do-
sire of tho population as to contlnuanco
of tho oxlstlng rcglmo under tho league of
nations, union with Franco or union with
Germany.
Section Four European Political
Classes.
GERMAN AUSTRIA. Gerinuny rec-
oRnltra I lip total Independence of Ger
man Austria In the boundaries traced.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Germany rec
ognizes tho entire Independence of the
Czcchn-Slovak state, including tho au
tonomous territory or tho iiutnenians
south of tho Carpathians, and accepts
tho frontiers of this stato as to be de
termined, which In tho caso of tho Ger
man, frontier shall follow the frontier
of Bohemia In 1914. The usual stipu
lations as to acquisition and change of
nationality follow.
POLAND Germany cedes to Poland tlio
greatest part up upper Silesia, PoBcn and
tho provlnco of West Prussia, on tlio loft
bank of tho Vistula. A field boundary
commission of seven five representing
tho allied and associated powers and one
each representing Poland and aermany
shall bo constituted within 15 days of the
peace to delimit this boundary. Such
special provisions as tiro necessary to
protect racial, linguistic or religious mi
norities and to protect freedom of tran
sit and equitable treatmont of commorco
of other nations shall bo laid down in a
subsequent treaty between the five allied
and associated powors and Poland.
EAST PRUSSIA The southern and tno
eastern frontier of East Prussia Is to bo
fixed by plebiscites, tho first In tho re
gency of Allcnstelu botweon tho south
ern frontier of East Prussia and the
northern frontier of Roglorungsbeslrk
Allcnstcln, from where It meets tho
boundary between East and West Prus
sia to Its Junction with tho boundary be-
iwcon tno circles or uietsKo ana Augers
burg, thence tho northern boundary of
ujotsKo to its junction with the proseni
frontier, and tho second In the area com
prising tho circles of Btuhm and Roson
burg and tho parts of tho clrcloa of Ma-
ncnuurg ana Aianenwcracr east or tno
Vistula.
In oach caso German troons and au
thorities will move out within 15 days of
the poaco and tho territories bo placed
under an International commission of live
members appointed by tho five allied and
associated powers, with the particular
duty of arranging a freo, fair and secret
voto. Tno commission will ronort tho ro-
BUlts of tho plebiscites to tho five powers
with a rocommendatlon for tho boundary
and will tcrmlnato its work as soon as
tho boundary has bcon laid down and the
new authorities set up.
Tno five ulllea and associated powers
will draw up regulations assuring East
I'russia run anu eauitaoio access to anu
uso of tho Vistula. A subsequent con
vention, of which tho terms will bo fixed
by the five an ea ana associated powers,
will bo entered Into between Poland,
Germany and Danzig, to assure, suitable
railroad communication across Gorman
territory on tho right bank of tho Vistula
Dotween roiana anu Danzig, wnuo roianu
shall grant freo passago from East 1'rus
i ntmnnv
Th northeasti
Tho northcastorn corner of East Prus-
sla about Momol Is to be ceded by Ger
many to the associated powors, tho for
mer agreeing to accept the settlement
made, especially as regards tlio nation
ality of the Inhabitants.
DANZia Danzig and tlio district im
mediately about It Is to be constituted
Into tho "freo city of Danzln" under the
guaranty of tho leaguo of nations. A
high commissioner appointed by tho
leaguo and resident at Danzig shall draw
un a constitution In agreement with
tho duly appointed representatives of
tho city and shall deal in tho first
Instance with all differences arlBlnir bo
twoen tho city and Poland. Tho actual
boundaries of tho cltv shall bo delimited
by a commission appointed witnin six
month from tno jicnco ana to inciuuo
three representatives chosen by the allied
Gcrmnnv and Poland.
A convention, tno terms or wnicu anan
bo fixed by tho flvo allied and associated
powers, shall bo concludod between Po
land and Danzig, which shall lncludo Dan
zig within tho Polish customs frontiers,
though a freo area In tho port; lnsuro to
Poland tno rroo uso or an tno city's
waterways, docks and other port facili
ties, tho control and administration of the
Vistula nml the whole through railway
aystoms within tho city, and postal, tolo
graph and telephonic, communication bo
tweon Poland and Danzig; provldo agalnbt
discrimination against Poles within tho
city ana place its foreign relations anu
tho diplomatic protection of Its citizens
aDroad In chargo of Poland,
DENMARK Tho frontier between Ger
many and Donmark will bo fixed by tho
solf-determlnatlon of tho population. Ten
days from tho peace Gormnn troops and
authorities shall ov.acuato tho region
north of the lino running from tho mouth
of tho Schlel, south of Knppol, Schleswlg
and, Frledrlchstadt, along the Eldor to
tho North sea, south of Tanning; tho
workmen's and soldlors' council shall bo
dissolved, and tho torrltory administered
by an International commission of live,
of whom Norway and Sweden shall be In
vited to namo two,
IllSI.OllliANM. The formications,
mllltnry establishments nml Iinrborn of
the Islnnds of llelgolnuil ami mine nre
to be destroyed under the supervision
of the nllles by (Jermiin labor nml nt
Germany's expense. They mny not bo
reconstructed for nny similar fort men
tion built In the future.
RUSSIA. Qermany agrees to respect
as permanent and Inalienable the lnde-
penuenoy or an territories wnicn wore
part of the former Russian omplre, to
accept tho abrogation of the Brost
Lltovsk and other treaties entered into
with tho Maximalist government of
nussla. to recocrnlzo the full forco of
all treaties entered into by tho allied
and associated powers with states
which wore a nart of the former Rus
sian empire and to recognize thn fron
tiers nB determined thereon. The al
lied and associated powers formally ro
sorvo the right of Russia to obtain res
titution and reparation of the princi
ples of the present treaty.
Section Five German Rights Outside
Europe
Outside Europe Germany renounces
all rights, titles and privileges as to
her own or her allies' territories to all
the allied and associated powers, and
undertakes to accept whatever meas
ors 1,1 relation thereto,
ures aro taiccn ny tno live, amen pow-
COI.ONIKS AND OVUHS13AS POS
SESSIONS Germany reuoiinces In fa
viir of the nllled nml nssuolnted powers
Iter overseas vossessluus with nil rights
nnd titles therein. All innvuble nnd
Immovable property belonging to the
Germnn empire or to nny German
state slnill psss to the government ex
erelsliiK authority therein.
These governments may make what
over provisions seem suitable for the
repatriation of German nationals and
ns to the conditions on which German
subjects of European origin shall re
side, hold property or carry on busi
ness. Germany undertakes to pay rep
aration for damago nurfored by French
nationals In tho Kamcruns or its fron
tier zono throuirh tho acts of Germnn
civil nnd military authorities and of
individual Germans from January 1,
1900. to August 1. 1914.
Germany renounces all rights undor
tne conventions or rsovemoer 4, isii,
nnd September 29, 1912. and undertakes
to pay to Franco in accordance with an
estimate presonted by tho repatriation
commission an ueposus, orouits, au
vancoB. etc.. thereby secured. Gnr
many undertakes to accent and obscrvo
any provisions by the allied and asso
ciated powers as to the trade in arms
and sDlrlts in Africa as well as tn tho
general act of Berlin of 1885 and tho
general act or urusseis or isoo. Din
lomatlo protection to Inhabitants of
former uerman colonics is to be given
ny tne governments exercising author
Ity.
CHINA. aormany renounces In favor
or unnift an privileges and indemnities
resulting from the Boxer protocol of
1W)1. and nil buildings, wharves, barracks
forts, munitions of warships, wireless
plants and other public property except
HIGH 8POT8 IN PEACE
TREATY.
Alsace - Lorraine
goes to
France.
The Saar valley will be tern
porarlly Internationalized.
Danzig will be permanently JJ
Internationalized.
Germany renounces all terrl- JJ
torlal rights outside of Europe. C
Germany recognizes the Inde- !
pendence of Poland and Czecho- J
Slovakia.
The German army Is reduced
to 100,000 officers and men, and
conscription within Germany Is
anonsnea.
The German navy Is reduced
to 24 warships and no subma
rines. Germany may have only 100
unarmed seaplanes, to search for J
mines off her coast.
Germany will pay an Indem
nlty, the amount of which Is not
yet fixed, the Initial payment to
be 25,000,000,000 marks, about
$6,000,000,000. $
Germany cedes a large part ?
of her merchant fleet to the al-
lies.
Germany agrees to the trial of
the ex-kaleer. J
The disposition of the surren-
dered German fleet, tho German
colonies and the German cables
Is left to future action.
The league of nations becomes
a living organization.
diplomatic or consular establishments In
uiu uorman concessions or iieiiiBin ana
Hankow and In other Chinese territory
except Klaochow and agrees to return
to China at hor own expense all the
astronomical Instruments seized In 1901.
China will, however, take no measures
for disposal of German property In the
legation quarter at Pelun without the
consent or the powers signatory to the
Boxer protocol. Germany accepts the
abrogation of tho concessions at Hankow
and Tientsin, China agreeing to open theni
to international us.
MOROCCO, Germany renounces all her
rights, titles and privileges under the act
of Algoclras and the Franco-German
agreements of 1909 and 1911 and under
all treaties and arrangements with the
shorlflan empire She undertakes not to
Intervene In any negotiations as to Mo
rocco between Franco and other powers,
accepts all the consequences of the French
protectorate and ronounces 'the capitula
tions. EGYPT. Germany recognizes tho Brit
lsh protectorate over Egypt declared on !
December 18, 1914, and renounces as from
August 4,- 1914, the capitulation and all
the treaties, agreements, etc., concluded
by hor with Egypt. She undertakes not
to interveno In any negotiations about
Egypt botweon Great Britain and other .
powers.
There are provisions for Jurisdiction
ovor German nationals and property and
for German consont to any changes which
may be made In relation to the commis
sion of public debt. Germany consents to
the transfer to Great Britain of the pow
ers given to the lato sultan of Turkey
for securing the free navigation of the
Hues canal. Arrangements for property
belonging to Gorman nationals tn Egypt
aro made similar to those in tho caso of
Morocco and other countries. Anglo
Egyptian goods entering Germany shall
enjoy tho same treatment as British
goods. ' ,
TURKEY AND BULGARIA. Germany
accepts all arrangements which tho allied
and associated powers make with Turkey
and Bulgaria with reference to any right,
privileges or interests claimed in those
countries by Germany or her nationals
and not doalt with elsewhere.
SHANTUNG. Germany cedes to .In-
pnn nil rights, titles nml privileges, no.
tnltly nti to Klnochovr, nnd the rail
roads), mines nnd rnbles ncqulreil by
her trenty with China of Mnrcli O,
1807, and other agreements ns to Shan
tung.
All Gorman rlehts to thn rnllrnml (mm
Tslngtau to Tslnaufu. Including all facili
ties ana mining rignis ana rights or ex
ploitation, paBs equally to Japan and tho
cables from Tslngtau to Shanghai and
Chofoo, tho cables free of all charges All
German stato property, movable and Im
movable. In Klaochow Is acmilroil hv
Japan freo of all chargos.
Section Six.
In order to render possible thn initia
tion of a general limitation of tho arma
ments of all nations, Germany undertakes
airectiy to ouscrve tno military, naval
and air clauses which follow:
MILITARY FORCES. The demnl.lll.
radon of the Germany nriny must take
inner wltliln two months or the prncc.
Its strenictli may not exceed 100,000, In
cluding; '1.000 officers, with not over
seven divisions of Infantry nnd three
of envnlry, nnd to be devoted exclu
sively to mnlntennnce of Internal order
nnd control of frontiers.
Divisions may not bo Kroupod under
more than two army corps headquarters
staffs. The great Gorman general start Is
anousneu. Tno army administrative serv
ice, consisting of civilian personnel, not
Included In the numbor of effectives. Is
reducod to one-tenth the totnl In the
1913 budget. Employees of tho German
states, such as customs officers, first
guards and coast guards, may not exceed
the number In J1U3. Gendarmes and locul
police may be increased only In accord
ance with the growth of population, None
of these may be assembled for military
training.
ARMAMENTS All estabushmcnts for
the manufacturing, preparation or stor-
ago of arms and munitions of war, ex
cept tnoso speciucany excepted, must be
closed within thrco months of tho peace
and their personnel dismissed. The exact
amount of armament and munitions al
lowed Germany Is laid down In detail
tables, all In excess to oe surrendered
or rendered useless. The manufacture or
Importation of asphyxiating, poisonous
or other gases and all analogous liquids
Is forbidden as well as the Importation of
arms, munitions ana war material. Uer
many may not manufacture such ma
terlal for foreign governments.
CONSCRIPTION Conscription Is
abolished In Germany. The enlisted Der.
Honnel must bo maintained by voluntary
onllBtmcnt for terms of twelve consecu
tive vcars. the number or discharges be
foro the oxplratlon of that term not In
anv voar to exceed S per cent of tho total
effectives. Officers remaining In the serv
ice must agree to serve to tne ago of
forty-five years and newly appointed ofll
cers must agree to serve actively for
twonty-nve years.
No military schools except those abso
lutelv lndlsnonBablo for the units allowed
shall exist In Germany two months after
the neaco. no associations sucn as so
cieties of discharged soldiers, shooting or
touring clubs, educational establishments
or universities may occupy themselves
with military matters. All measures of
mobilization aro forbidden.
FORTRESSE8. All fortified works, for
tresses and field works situated In Ger
man territory within a zone U) kiln.
meters (30 miles) east of the Rhine will
be dismantled within three months, Tho
construction of arty new formications
thore Is forbidden. The fortified works
on the southern and eastern frontiers,
However, muy milium.
CONTROL. Interallied commissions nf
control will soe to the execution of the
provisions, tor wnicn a lime limit Is set
the maximum named belniz three mnmh.
They may establish headquarters at the
German seat of government and go to
any pari oi vierinuiiy aesireu. uermauy
must Rive them complete facilities, nnv
their expenses and also tho expenses of
exrcuiiuu oi mo ircmy, inctuuing me labor
una material nuresary in demolition, de
struction or surrender of wnr equipment
.VAi.. rue ueriunn nnvy must be
uemiiuiiiseii niiiim n period or two
monins niirr me pence, sue will be nl
lowed six siuilll battle shins, nix llu-l.t
cruisers, twelve destroyers, twelve tor
pedo boats nnd no submarines, either
mllltnrr or enmnierclnl, with a person
nel of 115,000 men, Including oilier,
nnd no reserve force of nny character.
Conscription Is abolished, only voluntary
servlco being permitted, with a minimum
period of 25 years' servlco for officers
and 12 for men, No momber of the Ger
man mercantile marine will bo permitted
any naval training.
All German vessels of war In foreign
ports, nnd tho Germnn high sea fleet In
terned at Scapa Flow will bo surren
dered, tho Ilnaf disposition of these ships
to bo decided upon by tho allied and as
sociated powers.
All!. The nrmcd forces of Germany
must not Include nny mllltnry or nnvnl
nlr forces except, for not over one hun
dred unnrmed senplnnes to be rctnlned
till October 1 to search for submarine
mines. No dirigible shnll be kept.
PRISONERS OF WAR. The repatria
tion of German prisoners and Interned
civilians is to bo carried out without de
lay nnd at Germany's expense by a com
mission composed of representatives of
tho allies and Germany. Those under
scntonco for offenses against discipline
aro to bo repatriated without rogard to
tho completion of their sentence. Until
Germany has surrendered porsons guilty
of offenses against tho laws and customs
of war. tho allies havo the right to re
tain selected German officers. '
GRAVES. Both parties will respect and
maintain the graves of soldiers and sail
ors burled on their territories, agree to
recognizo and assist any commission
charged by any allied or associato gov
ernment with Identifying, registering,
maintaining or erecting suitable monu
ments over the graves, and to afford to
each other all facilities for tho repatria
tion of the remains of their soldiers.
HKSPON.SnilLITIE.S. The nllled nnd
nssoclnted powers publicly urrnlgn
Wllllnm II. of Iloliensollern, formerly
Germnn emperor, not for nn offense
ngnlnst criminal Inw, but for n su
preme offense ngnlnst International
morality, nnd the snnctlty of treaties.
Tho ex-emporor's surrender Is to bo
requosted of Holland, and a special tri
bunal set up, composed of one Judge from
each of the five great powers, with, full
guaranties of tho right of defense. It Is
to be guided "by tho highest motives of
International policy with a view of vin
dicating the solemn obligations of In
ternational undertakings and the validity-
of International morality" and will
fix the punishment It feels should bo
Imposed. .
Persons accused of having committed
acts In violation of the laws and customs
of war are to be tried and punished by
military tribunals under military law. If
the charges affect nationals of only one
stato they will bo tMed before a tribunal
of that state; If they affect nationals of
several states they will be tried before
Joint tribunals of the states concerned.
Qormany shall hand over to the asso
ciated governments either Jointly 6r sev
erally all persons so accused and all
documents and Information necessary to
lnsuro full knowledge of tho Incriminat
ing acts, the discovery of tho offenders
and the Just appreciation of tho respon
sibility. Section Seven Reparation.
The nllled nnd nssoclnted govern
ments nftlrm, nnd Germany accepts on
behalf of herself nnd her allies, the re
sponsibility for cnuslng nil the loss
nnd dninnge to which the nllled nnd
nssoclnted governments nnd tbelr na
tionals have been subjected ns n con
sequence of the wnr Imposed upon
them by the aggression of the enemy
stntes.
Tho total obligation of Germany to
pay, as defined In the category of dam
ages. Is to be determined and notified
to her after a fair hearing and not
later than May 1, 1921, by an Inter
allied reparation commission. At tho
samo time a schedulo of payments to
discharge tho obligation within thirty
yenrs shall bo presonted. These pay
ments are subject to postponement In
certain contingencies. Germany Irrev
ocably recognizes tho full authority of
mis commission, agrees to supply it
with all the necessary Information and
to pass legislation to effectuate, its
findings. She further agrees to restore
to thn allies cash and certain articles
which can bo Identified.
As an Immediate sten toward resto
ration Germany shall pay within two
years 20,000,000,000 marks In either
gold, goods, ships, or other specific
forms or payment, with tho under
standing that certain expenses, such as
tnoso or tno armies or occupation ana
payments tor roou anu raw materials.
may bo deducted at tho discretion or
tho allies.
whlla tho irrand total of damages
assessed against Germany may exceed
make compensation for all damages
caused to civilians under seven main
categories: (a) Damages by personal
Inlllrv tn olvlllnna ntinanil Viv nnta nf
war, directly or Indirectly; (b) damage
caused to "Civilians by acts of cruelty
ordered by the enemy and to civilians
In the occupied territory; (c) damages
caused by maltreatment of prisoners;
(a; anmages to uie aincu peoples pre
sented by pensions and separation al
lowances capitalized at tho signature
or tins treatv: (a) damages to prop
erty othor than naval or military ma
terials: (f) damaces to civilians by be
ing forced to labor; (g) damapes In the
rorm or levies or unes imposed oy mo
enemy.
in periodically estimating Germany s
capacity to pay the reparation com
mission shnll examine the Gorman sys
tem of taxation, first to tho end tfiat
the sums for ropnratlon which Ger
many is reau red to nay shall become
a charee unon all her revenues. Drier
to tnat ror tun servico or disennrgo oi
any domestic loan, and, secondly, so as
to satisfy itseir that in general the
German scheme of taxation Is' fully as
neavy proportionately as tnat or any
or tno powers represented on tho com
mission.
The commission may reaulre Germany
to give from time to time, by way of
guurunty, Issues of bonds or other obliga
tions to cover such claims as are not
otherwise satisfied. In this connection
and on account of tho total amount of
claims, bond Issues are presontly to be
required of Germany In acknowledgment
of Its debt as follows:
Twenty billion markB. cold, payable
not later than May 1, 1921, without In
terest: forty billion marks, gold, hearing
2V4 per cent Interest between 1921 and
V20 and thereafter 6 per cent, with a .
ner cent sinking fund payment heeln
nlng In 1926; and an undertaking to de-
Ilvor forty billion marks gold Donas near.
Ing Interest nt 6 per cent, under terms to
be fixed hv the commission.
SHIPPING. The German government
recognizes the right of tho allies to the
1 Ul'lUUllli;,.!, IUII IU, IUII UI1VI ...MOD . VJ 1
class, of all merchant ships and fishing
uoats lost or aamagca owing to tno war,
and ncrees to code to the allies all Ger
man merchant shins of 1.600 tons groBs
and upward; one-half of her ships between
1,600 und 1,000 tons gross and one-quarter
of her steam trawlers and othor fishing
boats. These snips nre to do delivered
within two months to the rerjaratlon
committee, together with documents of
title evidencing tho transfer of the ships
rrce rrom encumurance.
As nn additional part of reparation
the Oerman government further agrees
to build merchant ships for the nccount
of the nllles to the amount of not ex
ceeding ' 200,000 tons gross annually dur
ing the next five years. All ships used
for Inland navigation taken by Germany
rrom tno aiues are to oe restored within
two months, the amount of loss not cov
ered by such restitution to be made up
by the cession of the German river lleet
up to 20 per cent thereof.
In order to effect payment by deliv
eries In kind. Germany Is required, for a
limited number of years, varying In the
case of each, to deliver coal, coal tar
products, dyestuffs and chemical drugs In
specmo amounts to tne reparations com
mission. The commission mav so modi
fy tho conditions of delivery as not to
Interfere unduly with Germany's Indus
trial reaulrements. The deliveries of coal
are based largely upon the principle of
making good diminutions in the nroduc
tlon of the allied countries resulting from
tno war.
DEVA STATED AREAS.-Germany un
dertakes to devote her economic re
sources directly to the nhvslcal reslora
tlon of tho Invaded areas. The reparation
commission is autnorizca to require Ger
many to replace tho destroyed articles by
the delivery of animals, machinery, etc..
existing. In Germany, and to manufacture
materials reaulred for reconstruction nur,
noses: all with due consideration for Ger.
many s essential domestic reaulremertts
Germany Is to restore within six months
tho Koran of the Caliph Othman. former
ly at Medina, to the king of Hedjaz, and
the skull of the Sultan Okwnwa, formerly
In German EaBt Africa, to his Britannic
majesty's government. The German gov
arnment Is also to restore to thn French
government certain papers taken by the
German authorities In 1670. belonging then
to M. Rcuher, nnd to rcstoro the French
flngs taken during the war of 1OT0 and
1871.
FINANCES. Powers to which Gorman
territory Is ceded will nssumo a cer
tain portion of tho German prewar debt,
tho amount to bo fixed by tho repara
tions commission on the basis of the
ratio between tho revenue and of the
ceded territory and Germany's total rev
enues for the thrco yenrs preceding the
war. In vlow, however, of the special
circumstances under which Alsace-Lorraine
was separated from Franro In
1871, when Germany refused to accept
nny part of tho French public debt.
f ranco win not assume any part or uor
many'a prowar debt there, nor will Po
land sharo In certain German dobts In
curred for tho oppression of Poland, If
tho value of tho German public property
in ceded territory exceeds tho amount
of debt assumed, tlio states to which
property ceded will give credit on rcpara
lion for tho excess, with tho exception
of Alsace-Lorraine. Mandatory powers
will not assume any German debts or
glvo any credit for German government
property. Germany renounces all rights
of representation on, or control of, state
banks, commission or other similar inter
national financial and economic organiza
tions.
Germany Is reaulred to nav tho total
cost of tho armies of occupation from the
uuio oi uie armisnco as long as tney are
maintained In German territory, this cost
to be a first chargo on hor resources. The
cost of reparation Is tho next charge,
after making such provisions for pay
ments for Imports as the allies may deem
necessary.
Gormany Is to deliver to tho nlllod
and associated powers all sums deposited
In Germany by Turkey and AuBtrla-Hun-gary
In connection with the financial sup
port extended by her to them during the
war and to transfer to the allies all
claims against Austria-Hungary. Bul
garia or Turkey In connection with agree
ments made durlnc thn war. Oflrmanv
confirms the renunciation of tho treaties
of Bucharest and Brest-Lltovsk.
On the roquest of the reparations com
mission Germany will expropriate any
isms or interests or ner nationals in
public utilities In ceded territories or
those administered by mandatories, and
I rp,. I.A.. nl. I w n T1 ...... I .. ....... I T T . .
' u,nuj, V.11IUII, 1VUD3IU, JLUBll IU-11U II"
gary nnd Bulgaria, and transfer them to
tne reparations commission, which will
credit hor with their value.
Germany guarantees to repay to Bra
zil the fund arising from tho snlo of Sao
Paulo coffee which sho refused to allow
Brazil to withdraw from Germany.
aecxion bignt economic , Clauses..
CUSTOMS. Kor n. nirlni? nf nl mnnthn
Germany shall Impose no tariff duties
higher than the lowest In force In 1914,
and for certain agricultural products,
wines, vegetablo oils, artificial silk and
wasned or scoured wool this restriction
obtains for two and a half years or for
flvo years unless further extended by tho
league of nations. Germany must give
moBt favored nation treatment to the
allied and associated powors. She Bhall
Impose no customs tariff for flvo years
on goods originating In Alsace-Lorraine
and for three years on goods originating
tn formor German territory ceded to Po-
una. wun tno rignt or observation or a
similar exception for Luxemburg.
SHIPPINGi-Shlps of tho nllled and
associated powers shall for flvo years and
thereafter, under condition of reciprocity,
unless tho leaguo of nations otherwise
decides, enjoy the samo rights In German
ports as German vessels and have most
favored nation treatment in fishing, coast
ing trade and towage, oven In territorial
waters. Ships of a country having no
seacoast may bo registered at some one
place within Its territory.
UNFAIR COMPETITION-Germany un
dertakes to irlve the trniln nf tho nlllort
and associated powers adequate safe-
Buoiua usouwi umuir competition ana in
particular to suppress tho use of falBe
wrappings ahd markings and on condition
?fJ,r?c p50c ly t0 respect tho laws and
Judicial decisions of allied and associated
states In respect of regional appellations
of wines and spirits.
nusATMBHi- OF NATIONALS. Ger
many shall Impose no exceptional taxes
or restrictions upon the nationals of the
allied and adssoclated states for a period
of Ave years and, unless tho league of na-
iiuua uuib, ior un auuiuonai live years.
German nationality shall not contlnuo to
uiiucn to a person who has become a
national of an allied or nssoclatod
state. '
MULTILATERAL criNVTr.MTTnwo
oome ioriy multilateral conventions are
iuiiowuu oeiween uermany ana tho al
lied and associated Dowers, hut Rnnnlnl
conditions are attached to Germany's
i ctmiiiioBiuii iu ncverm.
PREWAR DEBTS. A vatm nf
clearing houses Is to be created within
inree monins, one in uermany nnd one
In each allied and associated state
which adopts tho Dlan for tho navmnnt
Of prewar debts, lneludlne thnsn nrln.
ing irom contracts suspended by tho
wnr for tho adjustment of the nrncenrls
of the liquidation of enemy property and
inn settlement or otner obligations.
liMinu i-uvf jskxi. uermany shall
restore or pay for all nrlvate enemy
property seized or damaged by her. tho
amount of damages to be fixed by the
mixed arbitral tribunal.' Tho allied and
associated states may llquldato Ger
man private property within their
territories as' compensation for prop
erty of their nationals not restored or
paid for by Germany for debts owed
to tholr nationals by German na
tionals and for other claims against
Germany. Gormanj" Is to compensate
Its nationals for such losses and to
deliver within six months all docu
ments relating to property hold by Its
nationals in allied, and associated states.
All war legislation as to onemy property
rights and Interests Is confirmed ami all
claims by Germany against tho allied or
associated governments for acts under
receptional war measures abandoned,
CONTRACTS Prewnr contracts be
tvyeen allied and associated nations, ex
cepting the United States, Japan and Bra
zil, nnd German nationals, are canceled
except for debts for accounts already
performed, agreements for the transfer
of property where the property had al
ready paused, leases of land and houses,
contracts of mortgage, pledeo or Hen.
milling concessions, contracts with gov-
ernTnents ana insurance contracts.
M.lxed arbitral tribunes shall be es
tablished of three members, one chosen
by Germany, one by the associated states
and the third by agreement, or falling
which by the president of Switzerland.
TheV Bnaii have jurisdiction over all dls
pute3 ns to contracts concluded before
the present pence treaty.
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Industrial, literary and. artistic property
are fe-csiaunsnea, tne special war meas
ures of the allied and associated powers
are ' ratified and tho right reserved to
Impose conditions on the use of German
pate'nts and copyrights when In tho public
Interest- Except as between tho United
State nnd Germany prewar licenses and
riKiitsi iu sua lur iiiiriuist:iiiuiii.s tire uuu
celled1
, Section Nine.
OPIUM. The contracting powers agree.
whethelr or not they have signed and
ratified tho opium convention of January
23, 1912) or signed tho special protocol
onened at The Hague In accordance with
resolutions adopted by tho third opium
conierence in mit, 10 unng tne saia con
ventlon Into force by enacting within I
months c)f the peace the necessary leglsla
tlon.
RELIGIOUS MISSIONS.-The allied and
assoclated powers agree that the proper
ties of reli,elous missions In territories be
longing on ceded to them shall contlnuo
In their wtuk under control of the powers.
Germany denouncing all claims In their
behalf.
Section Ten.
AERIAL i NAVIGATION. Aircraft of
the nlllod anVI associated powers havo full
liberty of passage and landing over and
In German territory, equal treatment with
German planes' as to uso of German air
dromes, and with most favored nation
rilanes as to Internal commercial traffic
n Germany. Oiermany agrees to accept
allied certttlcatles of nationality, air
worthiness or competency or licenses and
to apply the convention relative to aerial
navigation concluded between the allied
and associated niowers to her own aircraft
over her own territory. These rules apply
until 1923 unless 'Germany has since been
admitted to the! league of nations or to
tno auove convifiiuun.
Section" Eleven.
FREEDOM tpF TRANSIT. German:
y
must grant freHdom of transit through
her territories wy mall or water to per
sons, goods, ships, carriages, and malls
from nr tn n.nr of the allied or asso
ciated powers, without customs or transit
duties, undue dveiays, restrictions or dis
criminations batted on nationality, means
of transport, on place of entry or de
parture. Goods lin transit shall be assured
all possible spedsd of Journey, especially
nnrlslinhln frnndn Germany may not.
divert traffic from its normal course In.
favor of her own transport routes or
maintain "control stations" In connection
with triinsmnrraUon traffic. She may not
establish any tax discrimination against
tlio ports or allied or associated powers,
must grant tho latter's seaports all fac
tors, und reduced tariffs granted her
own or other nationals, and afford the
allied and associated powers equal rights
with those of iter own nationals in ner
ports and waterways, savo that she Is
frea to open or close her maritime coast
ing trade.
FREE ZONES IN PORTS Free zones
oxlstlng In German ports on August 1.
1914, must be maintained with due facili
ties ns to warehouse und packing, without
discrimination, and without charges ex
cept ror expenses or administration nna
uso. Goods leaving the freo zones for
consumption In aermany and goods
brought Into the freo zones from Ger
many shull bo subject to tho ordinary Im
port and export taxes.
INTERNATIONAL RIVERS The E1DO-
from tho Junction of tho Vltava, tho Vl
tava from Prncuo. the Oder from Oona.
tho Nlemen from Grodno nnd tho Danube-
from Utm are declared International, to
gether with their connections. Tho ri
parian states must ensure good conditions
of navigation within their territories un
less a special organization exists tnereror.
Otherwise appeal may bo had to a special,
tribunal of the leaguo of nations, which
also may arrange for a general Interna
tional waterways convention.
Tho Elbo nnd Odor are to be piacea
under International commissions to meet
within threo months.
THE DANUBE Tho European DanuDo-
commission renssumcd Its prewar pow
ers, but for tho tlmo belnc with repre
sentatives of only Great Britain, Franco,
Italy ana itoumnnia. tho upper uanuoo
ls to bo administered by a new Interna
tional commission until a definite statute
bo drawn up at a conferenco of the pow
ers nominated by tho allied hnd asso
ciated governments within one year after
tne peace.
THE RHINE AND THE MOSELLE.
Tho Rhine Is placed under the central
commission to meet at Strassbourg within
six months nfter the peaco and to be com
posed of four representatives of France,,
which shall In addition select the presi'
dent, four of Germany, and two each of
Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Switzer
land, and the Netherlands.
Section Twelve.
RAILWAYS. Germany In addition
to most favored nntion treatment on
her rallwnys, agrees to co-operate In
tho establishment of through ticket
services for passengers nnd baggage;
to Insure communication by mil be
tween the allied, associated and other
states; to allow construction or Im
provement within twenty-five years or
such lines as necessary, and to con
form her rolllnc stock to enable Its In
corporation In trains of the allied or
associated powers. Sho also agrees to
accept tho denunciation of the Gothard
convention lr nwitzerinnu anu itniy
reauest. and temporarily to execute
Instructions as to tho transport of
troops and supplies and the establish
ment of postal and telegraphic service,
as pro'viacd.
CZECHO-SLOVAKIA. To assure
Czecho-Slovakla access to the sea, spe
cial rights are given her both north
nnd south. Toward the Adriatic sho-
Is permitted to run her own through
trains to Flume and Trieste. To tho
north Germany Is to lease her for OO-
rears spaces In Hamburg and Stettin,
he details to be worked out by a com
mission of three representing Czecho
slovakia, uermany ana urent uritaim
THE KIEL CANAL. The Kiel canal'
Is to remain freo and open to war and1
merchant ships of nil nations at peace
with Germany, subject, goods nnd ships
or ail states nre to do treated on terms
of absolute equality, and no taxes to,
be Imposed beyond those necessary for
upkeep and Improvement, for which
uermany is to be responsime. in caso
of violation of or disagreement as to
those provisions, any state may appeal
to the league of nations, and may de
mand tno appointment or an interna
tional commission. For preliminary-
hearing of complaints Germany shall
establish a local authority at Jviel.
Section Thirteen.
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANI
ZATION Members of the league of na
tions agrco to establish a permanent or
ganization to promote International ad
justment of labor conditions, to consist
of an annual International labor confer
enco and an International labor office.
Tho former Is composed of four rep
resentatives of each state, two from the
government and one each from the em
ployers and tho employed; each of them
may voto Individually, it win be a de
liberative legislation body, Its mensurcs-
taking tho form of draft conventions or
recommendations for legislation, which
if passed by two-thirds voto must be sub
mitted to tho law-making authority In
evory stato participating. Each govern
ment may enact tho terms Into law; ap
prove the principle, but modify them to
local needs; leave the actual legislation
In caso of a federal state to local legis
latures, or reject the convention altogeth
er without further obligation.
Tho International labor office Is es
tablished at the scat of tho leaguo of
nations and part of Its organization. It
Is to collect nna distribute information or
labor throughout the world and prepare
agenda for the conference.
It will publish a periodical in inrencn,
nnd English and posBlbly other lan
guages. Each state agrees to make to It
for presentation to tho conference an an
nunl report of measures taken to execute
accepted conventions.
The first meeting of tho conference
will take place in October, 1919, at
"Washington, to discuss the eight-hour
day or 48-hour week; prevention of
unomploymont; extension and ap
plication of the International conven
tions ndopted at Berne In 1900 prohib
iting night work for women and the
une of white phosphorus In tho man
ufacture of matches; and the employ
ment of women nnd children at night
or In unhealthy work, of women before
nnd nfter childbirth, Including mater
nity benefit, nnd of children as regards,
minimum age.
Section Fourteen.
GUARANTEES. As a guarantee for the
execution of the treaty German territory
to the west of the Rhine, together with,
the bridgeheads, will be occupied by allied,
and associated troops for 15 years' period
If the conditions are faithfully carried out
by Germany, certain districts, Including,
the bridgehead of Cologne, will be evac
uated at the expiration of five years; cer
tain other districts. Including the bridge
head of Coblenz, and the territory nearest
tho Dolslan frontier, will be evacuated,
after ten years, and the remainder. In
cluding the bridgehead of Mainz, will be
evacuated after 15 years. In case the
Interallted reparation commission finds
that Germany has failed to observe the
whole or port of her obligations, cither
during the occupation or after the 15,.
years have expired, the whole or part
of tho areas spsclfled will bo reoccuplcd
immediately. If before the expiration of
the 15 years Germany compiles with all.
the treaty undertakings, the occupying
forces will be withdrawn Immediately.
EASTERN EUROPE. - All Germnn
troops at present In territories to the east
of the now frontier shall return as soon
as the allied and associated governments
deem wise. They nro to abstain from,
all requisitions and are In no way to In
terfere with measures for nntlonal de
fense tnken by tho government concerned.
All questions regarding occupation not
firovlded for by the treaty will bo rcgu
ated by a subsequent convention or con
ventions which will havo similar force
and effect.
Section Fifteen,
MISCELLANEOUS. Germany agrees to
recognize the full validity of the treaties
of peace and additional conventions to be
concluded by tho allied and associated
powers with the powers allied with Ger
many, to agreo to tho decisions to be
taken as to the territories of Austria
Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey nnd to
recognize the new states in the frontiers
to be fixed for them.
Germany agrees not to put forward any
pecuniary claims against any allied or
associated power signing the present
treaty based on events previous to the
coming Into force of tho treaty.
Germany accepts nil decrees as to
Oerman ships and goods made by any
allied or associated prize court. The allies
reserve the right to examine all decisions
of German prize courts. The present
treaty, of which the French and British
texts are both authentic, shall be ratified
and the depositions of ratlllcatlons made
In Paris as soon as possible,
The treaty is to become effective
In all respects for each power on thr-l
date of deposition of Its ratification.
