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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (May 16, 1919)
THE BEMI.WSEKLV TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA. OFFICIAL SUMMARY OF PEACE TREATY S ARE 10 SIGN COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS IS FIRST SECTION OF THE GREAT DOCUMENT. ALSACE-LORRAINE RESTORED Boar Valley and Danzig International' Ized Germany's Military and Naval Power Made Nominal Total Reparation to Do Determined Later. The official summnry of the peace treaty submitted to tho Gorman repre sentatives at Versailles by tho allied fieaco conference delegates Is as fol owsi Tlio preamble n'mes as parties of the one part tho United Btates, the nrltlsh empire, France, Italy and Ja pan, described as the Ave allied and associated powers, and Medium, Bo livia, Brazil, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Oreece, Guatemala, Haiti, tho Hcdjaz, Honduras, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Iloumanla, Ser bia, Slam, Czccho-Slovakla and Uru guay, who with tho five abovo are de scribed ns tho allied and associated powers; and on tho other part, Ger many, Section One League of Nation. Tho covenant of tho league of na tions constitutes Section 1 of tho peace treaty, which places upon tho leaguo many specinc In addition to Its general duties. It may question Germany at any time for a violation of tho neutral ized zono east of tho Rhino as a threat against tho world's peace. It will ap point thrco of tho flvo members of tho Hanr commission, oversea Its regime and carry out tho plebiscite. It will appoint tho high commissioner of Dan zig, guarantee tho Independence of tho freo city and arrange for treaties be tween Danzig and Germany and Po land. It will work out tho mandatory system to bo applied to tho former German colonics, and aet as a final court In part of the plebiscites of tho Belgian-German frontier, and In dis putes as to tho Kiel canal, and dccldo certain of tho economic and financial problems. An International conforenco on labor Is to be held in October under Its direction, and another on tho Inter national control of ports, waterways ana railways is foreshadowed. Section Two Boundaries of Germany. Germany cedes to Franco Alsaco-Lor- raino, 6,000 square miles of It In tho touthwest. and to Bolgium two small dis tricts botwecn Luxemburg! and Holland, totalling 989 square miles. Bho also cedes to Poland tho southeastern tin of Silesia beyond and Including Oppeln, most of Posen and West Prussia, 27,686 squaro miles, East Prussia being Isolated from tho main body by a part of Poland. Gor many loses sovereignty over tho north easternmost tip of East Prussia. 40 square miles north or tho river Momol. and. tho Internationalized areas about Danzig, 729 square mncs, ana tno basin or tlie Haar, 738 sauaro miles, between tho western bor. der of the Rhonlsh palatinate of Bavaria una me soumeaat corner or L,uxomDurg. Tho Danzlc area consists of the V he- tweon tho Nogat and Vistula rivers made Into a W by the addition of a similar .V on tho west Including tho city of Danzig. The southeastern third of East Prussia and tho area between East Primula end the Vistula, north nf lntlttlri'n M ilnirrnaa detained hv nonSlnr vnt r. m,K ocnieswig, squaro miles, Section Three European Political Classes. BELGIUM, Germany Is to consent to the abrogation of thn treaties nf 1R.VI liv which Belgium was established as a nou- irai stato anu to agree in advance, to any Convention With which thn nlllnil nn,l nu. soclated powers may determine to replace muni, ana m iu recognize me run sover eignty at Delirium nvnr thn fonlmtnil lor. rltory bf Morosnet and ovor part of Prussian Morcunet. and to renounce In favor of Delirium nil rltrhtH nvnr thn oltlnn of Eupon and Malmedy, tho Inhabitants of which oro to be entitled within six months to protest against this chango of sovereignty either In whole or In part, tho final decision to bo resorvod to tho leaguo of nations, A commission Is to sottlo the details of tho frontier, and various regu lations for change of nationality are laid down. LUXEMBOURG. Germany ronounces her various treaties nml rnnvnminn. .... tho grand duchy of Luxembourg, rocog- mv ii I'uuBuu in ue a part or tho German zollvoroln from January 1 last, renounces all rlcht nf nxnlnitntinn nt railroads, adheres to tho abrogation of Its neutrality, and accepts In advance any International agreemont as to It, reached "j no uincti iiuu auaucinicu powors. IiKVT HANK OP TUB RHINi: As provided la the mllltnrr ilnm. n. mnny will not mnlntnln nny fortlflcn tlons or armed forces lens (linn llfty kilometer to the emit of the Ithlue, hold nny maneuvers, nor mnlntnln nny works to fncllltnte inoblllsntlon. In case of violation, "sho shall bo re garded RS COmmlttlncr n hnallln n against the powers who sign tho pres ent treaty and as Intending to disturb the poaco of the world." "By vlrtuo of the present treaty Germany shall bo bound to respond to nny request for an explanation which tho council of the league of nations may think It necessary to address to her. jvirtuii.-ivuiwiAiiNii After recog- , ......... ui inn Him m uuugnuon to re- fin mo wrong uono in is7i Dy Ger many to France nnd thn mnnl nf ai. sace-Lorralne, tho territories ceded to Germany by the treaty of Frankfort are restored to France with their front ere as before 1871. to dato from the signing of the armistice, and to be free of all public debts. Clllzcnshln la rci-iilnli.il liv tniA provisions distinguishing those who are Immediately restored to full French citizenship, those who have to make formal application therefor, and those thrW vm,unaMiiral,itat.,on ?pen 0,ter . -, luni-uH.utu uiuHs in cludes German residents in aiha. Lorraine, as distinguished from those who acquire the position of Alsace - Lorraine as defined In the treaty. All nubllo nronertv and nil nrlvntn n.nt,... ty of German ex-sovcrelgns passos to France without payment or credit. Franco Is substituted for Germany as regards ownership of the railroads and ?ver. concessions of tramways, 7Lne ,lh.,ne.f,rld5ca Pa" to franco with the obligation tor their upkeep. 1HB 8AAH, In compensation for mo uosirucuon or coal minus in north ern Franco and as payment on an. count, of reparation, Germany cedes to France full ownership of tho coal m,,8.J.. of. tne 8aa' basin with their subsidiaries, accessories and facilities. Their value will be estimated by the reparation commission and credited against that account. The French rights will be governed by Gorman law In force at the armistice oxoeptlng war legislation, France replacing tho pres ent ownors whom Germany undertakes to Indemnify. France will contlnuo to furnish the present proportion of coal for local needs and contribute In Just proportion to local taxes. Thn hnnit. extends from the frontier of Lorraine y aa re-annexed to France north as far as St. Wendel, Including on tho west the valley of the Saar as far as Baar holcbach and on the east the town of llomburg. In order to secure tho rights and welfare of tHe population and guaran tee to France entire freedom In wnrlc. Ing the mines, the territory will be governed by a commission appointed y tho league of nations tftid consisting or five members, one French, one a nutlvu Inhabitant of the Saar and three repre- UUiJ sentlng three different countrlos other than Franco and Germany, Tho loaguo will appoint a member of the commission as chairman to act as executive of the commission. The commission will have all powers of government formerly be Innelnir In the (Ii-rmn errinlre. Prussia and Bavaria, will administer tho railroads anu otner public ssrvices ana nave tun power to Interpret the treaty clauses. Tho local courts will continue but subject to the commission. After fifteen vcars n nleblsclte will be heir' by communos to ascertain tho do- sire of tho population as to contlnuanco of tho oxlstlng rcglmo under tho league of nations, union with Franco or union with Germany. Section Four European Political Classes. GERMAN AUSTRIA. Gerinuny rec- oRnltra I lip total Independence of Ger man Austria In the boundaries traced. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Germany rec ognizes tho entire Independence of the Czcchn-Slovak state, including tho au tonomous territory or tho iiutnenians south of tho Carpathians, and accepts tho frontiers of this stato as to be de termined, which In tho caso of tho Ger man, frontier shall follow the frontier of Bohemia In 1914. The usual stipu lations as to acquisition and change of nationality follow. POLAND Germany cedes to Poland tlio greatest part up upper Silesia, PoBcn and tho provlnco of West Prussia, on tlio loft bank of tho Vistula. A field boundary commission of seven five representing tho allied and associated powers and one each representing Poland and aermany shall bo constituted within 15 days of the peace to delimit this boundary. Such special provisions as tiro necessary to protect racial, linguistic or religious mi norities and to protect freedom of tran sit and equitable treatmont of commorco of other nations shall bo laid down in a subsequent treaty between the five allied and associated powors and Poland. EAST PRUSSIA The southern and tno eastern frontier of East Prussia Is to bo fixed by plebiscites, tho first In tho re gency of Allcnstelu botweon tho south ern frontier of East Prussia and the northern frontier of Roglorungsbeslrk Allcnstcln, from where It meets tho boundary between East and West Prus sia to Its Junction with tho boundary be- iwcon tno circles or uietsKo ana Augers burg, thence tho northern boundary of ujotsKo to its junction with the proseni frontier, and tho second In the area com prising tho circles of Btuhm and Roson burg and tho parts of tho clrcloa of Ma- ncnuurg ana Aianenwcracr east or tno Vistula. In oach caso German troons and au thorities will move out within 15 days of the poaco and tho territories bo placed under an International commission of live members appointed by tho five allied and associated powers, with the particular duty of arranging a freo, fair and secret voto. Tno commission will ronort tho ro- BUlts of tho plebiscites to tho five powers with a rocommendatlon for tho boundary and will tcrmlnato its work as soon as tho boundary has bcon laid down and the new authorities set up. Tno five ulllea and associated powers will draw up regulations assuring East I'russia run anu eauitaoio access to anu uso of tho Vistula. A subsequent con vention, of which tho terms will bo fixed by the five an ea ana associated powers, will bo entered Into between Poland, Germany and Danzig, to assure, suitable railroad communication across Gorman territory on tho right bank of tho Vistula Dotween roiana anu Danzig, wnuo roianu shall grant freo passago from East 1'rus i ntmnnv Th northeasti Tho northcastorn corner of East Prus- sla about Momol Is to be ceded by Ger many to the associated powors, tho for mer agreeing to accept the settlement made, especially as regards tlio nation ality of the Inhabitants. DANZia Danzig and tlio district im mediately about It Is to be constituted Into tho "freo city of Danzln" under the guaranty of tho leaguo of nations. A high commissioner appointed by tho leaguo and resident at Danzig shall draw un a constitution In agreement with tho duly appointed representatives of tho city and shall deal in tho first Instance with all differences arlBlnir bo twoen tho city and Poland. Tho actual boundaries of tho cltv shall bo delimited by a commission appointed witnin six month from tno jicnco ana to inciuuo three representatives chosen by the allied Gcrmnnv and Poland. A convention, tno terms or wnicu anan bo fixed by tho flvo allied and associated powers, shall bo concludod between Po land and Danzig, which shall lncludo Dan zig within tho Polish customs frontiers, though a freo area In tho port; lnsuro to Poland tno rroo uso or an tno city's waterways, docks and other port facili ties, tho control and administration of the Vistula nml the whole through railway aystoms within tho city, and postal, tolo graph and telephonic, communication bo tweon Poland and Danzig; provldo agalnbt discrimination against Poles within tho city ana place its foreign relations anu tho diplomatic protection of Its citizens aDroad In chargo of Poland, DENMARK Tho frontier between Ger many and Donmark will bo fixed by tho solf-determlnatlon of tho population. Ten days from tho peace Gormnn troops and authorities shall ov.acuato tho region north of the lino running from tho mouth of tho Schlel, south of Knppol, Schleswlg and, Frledrlchstadt, along the Eldor to tho North sea, south of Tanning; tho workmen's and soldlors' council shall bo dissolved, and tho torrltory administered by an International commission of live, of whom Norway and Sweden shall be In vited to namo two, IllSI.OllliANM. The formications, mllltnry establishments nml Iinrborn of the Islnnds of llelgolnuil ami mine nre to be destroyed under the supervision of the nllles by (Jermiin labor nml nt Germany's expense. They mny not bo reconstructed for nny similar fort men tion built In the future. RUSSIA. Qermany agrees to respect as permanent and Inalienable the lnde- penuenoy or an territories wnicn wore part of the former Russian omplre, to accept tho abrogation of the Brost Lltovsk and other treaties entered into with tho Maximalist government of nussla. to recocrnlzo the full forco of all treaties entered into by tho allied and associated powers with states which wore a nart of the former Rus sian empire and to recognize thn fron tiers nB determined thereon. The al lied and associated powers formally ro sorvo the right of Russia to obtain res titution and reparation of the princi ples of the present treaty. Section Five German Rights Outside Europe Outside Europe Germany renounces all rights, titles and privileges as to her own or her allies' territories to all the allied and associated powers, and undertakes to accept whatever meas ors 1,1 relation thereto, ures aro taiccn ny tno live, amen pow- COI.ONIKS AND OVUHS13AS POS SESSIONS Germany reuoiinces In fa viir of the nllled nml nssuolnted powers Iter overseas vossessluus with nil rights nnd titles therein. All innvuble nnd Immovable property belonging to the Germnn empire or to nny German state slnill psss to the government ex erelsliiK authority therein. These governments may make what over provisions seem suitable for the repatriation of German nationals and ns to the conditions on which German subjects of European origin shall re side, hold property or carry on busi ness. Germany undertakes to pay rep aration for damago nurfored by French nationals In tho Kamcruns or its fron tier zono throuirh tho acts of Germnn civil nnd military authorities and of individual Germans from January 1, 1900. to August 1. 1914. Germany renounces all rights undor tne conventions or rsovemoer 4, isii, nnd September 29, 1912. and undertakes to pay to Franco in accordance with an estimate presonted by tho repatriation commission an ueposus, orouits, au vancoB. etc.. thereby secured. Gnr many undertakes to accent and obscrvo any provisions by the allied and asso ciated powers as to the trade in arms and sDlrlts in Africa as well as tn tho general act of Berlin of 1885 and tho general act or urusseis or isoo. Din lomatlo protection to Inhabitants of former uerman colonics is to be given ny tne governments exercising author Ity. CHINA. aormany renounces In favor or unnift an privileges and indemnities resulting from the Boxer protocol of 1W)1. and nil buildings, wharves, barracks forts, munitions of warships, wireless plants and other public property except HIGH 8POT8 IN PEACE TREATY. Alsace - Lorraine goes to France. The Saar valley will be tern porarlly Internationalized. Danzig will be permanently JJ Internationalized. Germany renounces all terrl- JJ torlal rights outside of Europe. C Germany recognizes the Inde- ! pendence of Poland and Czecho- J Slovakia. The German army Is reduced to 100,000 officers and men, and conscription within Germany Is anonsnea. The German navy Is reduced to 24 warships and no subma rines. Germany may have only 100 unarmed seaplanes, to search for J mines off her coast. Germany will pay an Indem nlty, the amount of which Is not yet fixed, the Initial payment to be 25,000,000,000 marks, about $6,000,000,000. $ Germany cedes a large part ? of her merchant fleet to the al- lies. Germany agrees to the trial of the ex-kaleer. J The disposition of the surren- dered German fleet, tho German colonies and the German cables Is left to future action. The league of nations becomes a living organization. diplomatic or consular establishments In uiu uorman concessions or iieiiiBin ana Hankow and In other Chinese territory except Klaochow and agrees to return to China at hor own expense all the astronomical Instruments seized In 1901. China will, however, take no measures for disposal of German property In the legation quarter at Pelun without the consent or the powers signatory to the Boxer protocol. Germany accepts the abrogation of tho concessions at Hankow and Tientsin, China agreeing to open theni to international us. MOROCCO, Germany renounces all her rights, titles and privileges under the act of Algoclras and the Franco-German agreements of 1909 and 1911 and under all treaties and arrangements with the shorlflan empire She undertakes not to Intervene In any negotiations as to Mo rocco between Franco and other powers, accepts all the consequences of the French protectorate and ronounces 'the capitula tions. EGYPT. Germany recognizes tho Brit lsh protectorate over Egypt declared on ! December 18, 1914, and renounces as from August 4,- 1914, the capitulation and all the treaties, agreements, etc., concluded by hor with Egypt. She undertakes not to interveno In any negotiations about Egypt botweon Great Britain and other . powers. There are provisions for Jurisdiction ovor German nationals and property and for German consont to any changes which may be made In relation to the commis sion of public debt. Germany consents to the transfer to Great Britain of the pow ers given to the lato sultan of Turkey for securing the free navigation of the Hues canal. Arrangements for property belonging to Gorman nationals tn Egypt aro made similar to those in tho caso of Morocco and other countries. Anglo Egyptian goods entering Germany shall enjoy tho same treatment as British goods. ' , TURKEY AND BULGARIA. Germany accepts all arrangements which tho allied and associated powers make with Turkey and Bulgaria with reference to any right, privileges or interests claimed in those countries by Germany or her nationals and not doalt with elsewhere. SHANTUNG. Germany cedes to .In- pnn nil rights, titles nml privileges, no. tnltly nti to Klnochovr, nnd the rail roads), mines nnd rnbles ncqulreil by her trenty with China of Mnrcli O, 1807, and other agreements ns to Shan tung. All Gorman rlehts to thn rnllrnml (mm Tslngtau to Tslnaufu. Including all facili ties ana mining rignis ana rights or ex ploitation, paBs equally to Japan and tho cables from Tslngtau to Shanghai and Chofoo, tho cables free of all charges All German stato property, movable and Im movable. In Klaochow Is acmilroil hv Japan freo of all chargos. Section Six. In order to render possible thn initia tion of a general limitation of tho arma ments of all nations, Germany undertakes airectiy to ouscrve tno military, naval and air clauses which follow: MILITARY FORCES. The demnl.lll. radon of the Germany nriny must take inner wltliln two months or the prncc. Its strenictli may not exceed 100,000, In cluding; '1.000 officers, with not over seven divisions of Infantry nnd three of envnlry, nnd to be devoted exclu sively to mnlntennnce of Internal order nnd control of frontiers. Divisions may not bo Kroupod under more than two army corps headquarters staffs. The great Gorman general start Is anousneu. Tno army administrative serv ice, consisting of civilian personnel, not Included In the numbor of effectives. Is reducod to one-tenth the totnl In the 1913 budget. Employees of tho German states, such as customs officers, first guards and coast guards, may not exceed the number In J1U3. Gendarmes and locul police may be increased only In accord ance with the growth of population, None of these may be assembled for military training. ARMAMENTS All estabushmcnts for the manufacturing, preparation or stor- ago of arms and munitions of war, ex cept tnoso speciucany excepted, must be closed within thrco months of tho peace and their personnel dismissed. The exact amount of armament and munitions al lowed Germany Is laid down In detail tables, all In excess to oe surrendered or rendered useless. The manufacture or Importation of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases and all analogous liquids Is forbidden as well as the Importation of arms, munitions ana war material. Uer many may not manufacture such ma terlal for foreign governments. CONSCRIPTION Conscription Is abolished In Germany. The enlisted Der. Honnel must bo maintained by voluntary onllBtmcnt for terms of twelve consecu tive vcars. the number or discharges be foro the oxplratlon of that term not In anv voar to exceed S per cent of tho total effectives. Officers remaining In the serv ice must agree to serve to tne ago of forty-five years and newly appointed ofll cers must agree to serve actively for twonty-nve years. No military schools except those abso lutelv lndlsnonBablo for the units allowed shall exist In Germany two months after the neaco. no associations sucn as so cieties of discharged soldiers, shooting or touring clubs, educational establishments or universities may occupy themselves with military matters. All measures of mobilization aro forbidden. FORTRESSE8. All fortified works, for tresses and field works situated In Ger man territory within a zone U) kiln. meters (30 miles) east of the Rhine will be dismantled within three months, Tho construction of arty new formications thore Is forbidden. The fortified works on the southern and eastern frontiers, However, muy milium. CONTROL. Interallied commissions nf control will soe to the execution of the provisions, tor wnicn a lime limit Is set the maximum named belniz three mnmh. They may establish headquarters at the German seat of government and go to any pari oi vierinuiiy aesireu. uermauy must Rive them complete facilities, nnv their expenses and also tho expenses of exrcuiiuu oi mo ircmy, inctuuing me labor una material nuresary in demolition, de struction or surrender of wnr equipment .VAi.. rue ueriunn nnvy must be uemiiuiiiseii niiiim n period or two monins niirr me pence, sue will be nl lowed six siuilll battle shins, nix llu-l.t cruisers, twelve destroyers, twelve tor pedo boats nnd no submarines, either mllltnrr or enmnierclnl, with a person nel of 115,000 men, Including oilier, nnd no reserve force of nny character. Conscription Is abolished, only voluntary servlco being permitted, with a minimum period of 25 years' servlco for officers and 12 for men, No momber of the Ger man mercantile marine will bo permitted any naval training. All German vessels of war In foreign ports, nnd tho Germnn high sea fleet In terned at Scapa Flow will bo surren dered, tho Ilnaf disposition of these ships to bo decided upon by tho allied and as sociated powers. All!. The nrmcd forces of Germany must not Include nny mllltnry or nnvnl nlr forces except, for not over one hun dred unnrmed senplnnes to be rctnlned till October 1 to search for submarine mines. No dirigible shnll be kept. PRISONERS OF WAR. The repatria tion of German prisoners and Interned civilians is to bo carried out without de lay nnd at Germany's expense by a com mission composed of representatives of tho allies and Germany. Those under scntonco for offenses against discipline aro to bo repatriated without rogard to tho completion of their sentence. Until Germany has surrendered porsons guilty of offenses against tho laws and customs of war. tho allies havo the right to re tain selected German officers. ' GRAVES. Both parties will respect and maintain the graves of soldiers and sail ors burled on their territories, agree to recognizo and assist any commission charged by any allied or associato gov ernment with Identifying, registering, maintaining or erecting suitable monu ments over the graves, and to afford to each other all facilities for tho repatria tion of the remains of their soldiers. HKSPON.SnilLITIE.S. The nllled nnd nssoclnted powers publicly urrnlgn Wllllnm II. of Iloliensollern, formerly Germnn emperor, not for nn offense ngnlnst criminal Inw, but for n su preme offense ngnlnst International morality, nnd the snnctlty of treaties. Tho ex-emporor's surrender Is to bo requosted of Holland, and a special tri bunal set up, composed of one Judge from each of the five great powers, with, full guaranties of tho right of defense. It Is to be guided "by tho highest motives of International policy with a view of vin dicating the solemn obligations of In ternational undertakings and the validity- of International morality" and will fix the punishment It feels should bo Imposed. . Persons accused of having committed acts In violation of the laws and customs of war are to be tried and punished by military tribunals under military law. If the charges affect nationals of only one stato they will bo tMed before a tribunal of that state; If they affect nationals of several states they will be tried before Joint tribunals of the states concerned. Qormany shall hand over to the asso ciated governments either Jointly 6r sev erally all persons so accused and all documents and Information necessary to lnsuro full knowledge of tho Incriminat ing acts, the discovery of tho offenders and the Just appreciation of tho respon sibility. Section Seven Reparation. The nllled nnd nssoclnted govern ments nftlrm, nnd Germany accepts on behalf of herself nnd her allies, the re sponsibility for cnuslng nil the loss nnd dninnge to which the nllled nnd nssoclnted governments nnd tbelr na tionals have been subjected ns n con sequence of the wnr Imposed upon them by the aggression of the enemy stntes. Tho total obligation of Germany to pay, as defined In the category of dam ages. Is to be determined and notified to her after a fair hearing and not later than May 1, 1921, by an Inter allied reparation commission. At tho samo time a schedulo of payments to discharge tho obligation within thirty yenrs shall bo presonted. These pay ments are subject to postponement In certain contingencies. Germany Irrev ocably recognizes tho full authority of mis commission, agrees to supply it with all the necessary Information and to pass legislation to effectuate, its findings. She further agrees to restore to thn allies cash and certain articles which can bo Identified. As an Immediate sten toward resto ration Germany shall pay within two years 20,000,000,000 marks In either gold, goods, ships, or other specific forms or payment, with tho under standing that certain expenses, such as tnoso or tno armies or occupation ana payments tor roou anu raw materials. may bo deducted at tho discretion or tho allies. whlla tho irrand total of damages assessed against Germany may exceed make compensation for all damages caused to civilians under seven main categories: (a) Damages by personal Inlllrv tn olvlllnna ntinanil Viv nnta nf war, directly or Indirectly; (b) damage caused to "Civilians by acts of cruelty ordered by the enemy and to civilians In the occupied territory; (c) damages caused by maltreatment of prisoners; (a; anmages to uie aincu peoples pre sented by pensions and separation al lowances capitalized at tho signature or tins treatv: (a) damages to prop erty othor than naval or military ma terials: (f) damaces to civilians by be ing forced to labor; (g) damapes In the rorm or levies or unes imposed oy mo enemy. in periodically estimating Germany s capacity to pay the reparation com mission shnll examine the Gorman sys tem of taxation, first to tho end tfiat the sums for ropnratlon which Ger many is reau red to nay shall become a charee unon all her revenues. Drier to tnat ror tun servico or disennrgo oi any domestic loan, and, secondly, so as to satisfy itseir that in general the German scheme of taxation Is' fully as neavy proportionately as tnat or any or tno powers represented on tho com mission. The commission may reaulre Germany to give from time to time, by way of guurunty, Issues of bonds or other obliga tions to cover such claims as are not otherwise satisfied. In this connection and on account of tho total amount of claims, bond Issues are presontly to be required of Germany In acknowledgment of Its debt as follows: Twenty billion markB. cold, payable not later than May 1, 1921, without In terest: forty billion marks, gold, hearing 2V4 per cent Interest between 1921 and V20 and thereafter 6 per cent, with a . ner cent sinking fund payment heeln nlng In 1926; and an undertaking to de- Ilvor forty billion marks gold Donas near. Ing Interest nt 6 per cent, under terms to be fixed hv the commission. SHIPPING. The German government recognizes the right of tho allies to the 1 Ul'lUUllli;,.!, IUII IU, IUII UI1VI ...MOD . VJ 1 class, of all merchant ships and fishing uoats lost or aamagca owing to tno war, and ncrees to code to the allies all Ger man merchant shins of 1.600 tons groBs and upward; one-half of her ships between 1,600 und 1,000 tons gross and one-quarter of her steam trawlers and othor fishing boats. These snips nre to do delivered within two months to the rerjaratlon committee, together with documents of title evidencing tho transfer of the ships rrce rrom encumurance. As nn additional part of reparation the Oerman government further agrees to build merchant ships for the nccount of the nllles to the amount of not ex ceeding ' 200,000 tons gross annually dur ing the next five years. All ships used for Inland navigation taken by Germany rrom tno aiues are to oe restored within two months, the amount of loss not cov ered by such restitution to be made up by the cession of the German river lleet up to 20 per cent thereof. In order to effect payment by deliv eries In kind. Germany Is required, for a limited number of years, varying In the case of each, to deliver coal, coal tar products, dyestuffs and chemical drugs In specmo amounts to tne reparations com mission. The commission mav so modi fy tho conditions of delivery as not to Interfere unduly with Germany's Indus trial reaulrements. The deliveries of coal are based largely upon the principle of making good diminutions in the nroduc tlon of the allied countries resulting from tno war. DEVA STATED AREAS.-Germany un dertakes to devote her economic re sources directly to the nhvslcal reslora tlon of tho Invaded areas. The reparation commission is autnorizca to require Ger many to replace tho destroyed articles by the delivery of animals, machinery, etc.. existing. In Germany, and to manufacture materials reaulred for reconstruction nur, noses: all with due consideration for Ger. many s essential domestic reaulremertts Germany Is to restore within six months tho Koran of the Caliph Othman. former ly at Medina, to the king of Hedjaz, and the skull of the Sultan Okwnwa, formerly In German EaBt Africa, to his Britannic majesty's government. The German gov arnment Is also to restore to thn French government certain papers taken by the German authorities In 1670. belonging then to M. Rcuher, nnd to rcstoro the French flngs taken during the war of 1OT0 and 1871. FINANCES. Powers to which Gorman territory Is ceded will nssumo a cer tain portion of tho German prewar debt, tho amount to bo fixed by tho repara tions commission on the basis of the ratio between tho revenue and of the ceded territory and Germany's total rev enues for the thrco yenrs preceding the war. In vlow, however, of the special circumstances under which Alsace-Lorraine was separated from Franro In 1871, when Germany refused to accept nny part of tho French public debt. f ranco win not assume any part or uor many'a prowar debt there, nor will Po land sharo In certain German dobts In curred for tho oppression of Poland, If tho value of tho German public property in ceded territory exceeds tho amount of debt assumed, tlio states to which property ceded will give credit on rcpara lion for tho excess, with tho exception of Alsace-Lorraine. Mandatory powers will not assume any German debts or glvo any credit for German government property. Germany renounces all rights of representation on, or control of, state banks, commission or other similar inter national financial and economic organiza tions. Germany Is reaulred to nav tho total cost of tho armies of occupation from the uuio oi uie armisnco as long as tney are maintained In German territory, this cost to be a first chargo on hor resources. The cost of reparation Is tho next charge, after making such provisions for pay ments for Imports as the allies may deem necessary. Gormany Is to deliver to tho nlllod and associated powers all sums deposited In Germany by Turkey and AuBtrla-Hun-gary In connection with the financial sup port extended by her to them during the war and to transfer to the allies all claims against Austria-Hungary. Bul garia or Turkey In connection with agree ments made durlnc thn war. Oflrmanv confirms the renunciation of tho treaties of Bucharest and Brest-Lltovsk. On the roquest of the reparations com mission Germany will expropriate any isms or interests or ner nationals in public utilities In ceded territories or those administered by mandatories, and I rp,. I.A.. nl. I w n T1 ...... I .. ....... I T T . . ' u,nuj, V.11IUII, 1VUD3IU, JLUBll IU-11U II" gary nnd Bulgaria, and transfer them to tne reparations commission, which will credit hor with their value. Germany guarantees to repay to Bra zil the fund arising from tho snlo of Sao Paulo coffee which sho refused to allow Brazil to withdraw from Germany. aecxion bignt economic , Clauses.. CUSTOMS. Kor n. nirlni? nf nl mnnthn Germany shall Impose no tariff duties higher than the lowest In force In 1914, and for certain agricultural products, wines, vegetablo oils, artificial silk and wasned or scoured wool this restriction obtains for two and a half years or for flvo years unless further extended by tho league of nations. Germany must give moBt favored nation treatment to the allied and associated powors. She Bhall Impose no customs tariff for flvo years on goods originating In Alsace-Lorraine and for three years on goods originating tn formor German territory ceded to Po- una. wun tno rignt or observation or a similar exception for Luxemburg. SHIPPINGi-Shlps of tho nllled and associated powers shall for flvo years and thereafter, under condition of reciprocity, unless tho leaguo of nations otherwise decides, enjoy the samo rights In German ports as German vessels and have most favored nation treatment in fishing, coast ing trade and towage, oven In territorial waters. Ships of a country having no seacoast may bo registered at some one place within Its territory. UNFAIR COMPETITION-Germany un dertakes to irlve the trniln nf tho nlllort and associated powers adequate safe- Buoiua usouwi umuir competition ana in particular to suppress tho use of falBe wrappings ahd markings and on condition ?fJ,r?c p50c ly t0 respect tho laws and Judicial decisions of allied and associated states In respect of regional appellations of wines and spirits. nusATMBHi- OF NATIONALS. Ger many shall Impose no exceptional taxes or restrictions upon the nationals of the allied and adssoclated states for a period of Ave years and, unless tho league of na- iiuua uuib, ior un auuiuonai live years. German nationality shall not contlnuo to uiiucn to a person who has become a national of an allied or nssoclatod state. ' MULTILATERAL criNVTr.MTTnwo oome ioriy multilateral conventions are iuiiowuu oeiween uermany ana tho al lied and associated Dowers, hut Rnnnlnl conditions are attached to Germany's i ctmiiiioBiuii iu ncverm. PREWAR DEBTS. A vatm nf clearing houses Is to be created within inree monins, one in uermany nnd one In each allied and associated state which adopts tho Dlan for tho navmnnt Of prewar debts, lneludlne thnsn nrln. ing irom contracts suspended by tho wnr for tho adjustment of the nrncenrls of the liquidation of enemy property and inn settlement or otner obligations. liMinu i-uvf jskxi. uermany shall restore or pay for all nrlvate enemy property seized or damaged by her. tho amount of damages to be fixed by the mixed arbitral tribunal.' Tho allied and associated states may llquldato Ger man private property within their territories as' compensation for prop erty of their nationals not restored or paid for by Germany for debts owed to tholr nationals by German na tionals and for other claims against Germany. Gormanj" Is to compensate Its nationals for such losses and to deliver within six months all docu ments relating to property hold by Its nationals in allied, and associated states. All war legislation as to onemy property rights and Interests Is confirmed ami all claims by Germany against tho allied or associated governments for acts under receptional war measures abandoned, CONTRACTS Prewnr contracts be tvyeen allied and associated nations, ex cepting the United States, Japan and Bra zil, nnd German nationals, are canceled except for debts for accounts already performed, agreements for the transfer of property where the property had al ready paused, leases of land and houses, contracts of mortgage, pledeo or Hen. milling concessions, contracts with gov- ernTnents ana insurance contracts. M.lxed arbitral tribunes shall be es tablished of three members, one chosen by Germany, one by the associated states and the third by agreement, or falling which by the president of Switzerland. TheV Bnaii have jurisdiction over all dls pute3 ns to contracts concluded before the present pence treaty. INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Industrial, literary and. artistic property are fe-csiaunsnea, tne special war meas ures of the allied and associated powers are ' ratified and tho right reserved to Impose conditions on the use of German pate'nts and copyrights when In tho public Interest- Except as between tho United State nnd Germany prewar licenses and riKiitsi iu sua lur iiiiriuist:iiiuiii.s tire uuu celled1 , Section Nine. OPIUM. The contracting powers agree. whethelr or not they have signed and ratified tho opium convention of January 23, 1912) or signed tho special protocol onened at The Hague In accordance with resolutions adopted by tho third opium conierence in mit, 10 unng tne saia con ventlon Into force by enacting within I months c)f the peace the necessary leglsla tlon. RELIGIOUS MISSIONS.-The allied and assoclated powers agree that the proper ties of reli,elous missions In territories be longing on ceded to them shall contlnuo In their wtuk under control of the powers. Germany denouncing all claims In their behalf. Section Ten. AERIAL i NAVIGATION. Aircraft of the nlllod anVI associated powers havo full liberty of passage and landing over and In German territory, equal treatment with German planes' as to uso of German air dromes, and with most favored nation rilanes as to Internal commercial traffic n Germany. Oiermany agrees to accept allied certttlcatles of nationality, air worthiness or competency or licenses and to apply the convention relative to aerial navigation concluded between the allied and associated niowers to her own aircraft over her own territory. These rules apply until 1923 unless 'Germany has since been admitted to the! league of nations or to tno auove convifiiuun. Section" Eleven. FREEDOM tpF TRANSIT. German: y must grant freHdom of transit through her territories wy mall or water to per sons, goods, ships, carriages, and malls from nr tn n.nr of the allied or asso ciated powers, without customs or transit duties, undue dveiays, restrictions or dis criminations batted on nationality, means of transport, on place of entry or de parture. Goods lin transit shall be assured all possible spedsd of Journey, especially nnrlslinhln frnndn Germany may not. divert traffic from its normal course In. favor of her own transport routes or maintain "control stations" In connection with triinsmnrraUon traffic. She may not establish any tax discrimination against tlio ports or allied or associated powers, must grant tho latter's seaports all fac tors, und reduced tariffs granted her own or other nationals, and afford the allied and associated powers equal rights with those of iter own nationals in ner ports and waterways, savo that she Is frea to open or close her maritime coast ing trade. FREE ZONES IN PORTS Free zones oxlstlng In German ports on August 1. 1914, must be maintained with due facili ties ns to warehouse und packing, without discrimination, and without charges ex cept ror expenses or administration nna uso. Goods leaving the freo zones for consumption In aermany and goods brought Into the freo zones from Ger many shull bo subject to tho ordinary Im port and export taxes. INTERNATIONAL RIVERS The E1DO- from tho Junction of tho Vltava, tho Vl tava from Prncuo. the Oder from Oona. tho Nlemen from Grodno nnd tho Danube- from Utm are declared International, to gether with their connections. Tho ri parian states must ensure good conditions of navigation within their territories un less a special organization exists tnereror. Otherwise appeal may bo had to a special, tribunal of the leaguo of nations, which also may arrange for a general Interna tional waterways convention. Tho Elbo nnd Odor are to be piacea under International commissions to meet within threo months. THE DANUBE Tho European DanuDo- commission renssumcd Its prewar pow ers, but for tho tlmo belnc with repre sentatives of only Great Britain, Franco, Italy ana itoumnnia. tho upper uanuoo ls to bo administered by a new Interna tional commission until a definite statute bo drawn up at a conferenco of the pow ers nominated by tho allied hnd asso ciated governments within one year after tne peace. THE RHINE AND THE MOSELLE. Tho Rhine Is placed under the central commission to meet at Strassbourg within six months nfter the peaco and to be com posed of four representatives of France,, which shall In addition select the presi' dent, four of Germany, and two each of Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Switzer land, and the Netherlands. Section Twelve. RAILWAYS. Germany In addition to most favored nntion treatment on her rallwnys, agrees to co-operate In tho establishment of through ticket services for passengers nnd baggage; to Insure communication by mil be tween the allied, associated and other states; to allow construction or Im provement within twenty-five years or such lines as necessary, and to con form her rolllnc stock to enable Its In corporation In trains of the allied or associated powers. Sho also agrees to accept tho denunciation of the Gothard convention lr nwitzerinnu anu itniy reauest. and temporarily to execute Instructions as to tho transport of troops and supplies and the establish ment of postal and telegraphic service, as pro'viacd. CZECHO-SLOVAKIA. To assure Czecho-Slovakla access to the sea, spe cial rights are given her both north nnd south. Toward the Adriatic sho- Is permitted to run her own through trains to Flume and Trieste. To tho north Germany Is to lease her for OO- rears spaces In Hamburg and Stettin, he details to be worked out by a com mission of three representing Czecho slovakia, uermany ana urent uritaim THE KIEL CANAL. The Kiel canal' Is to remain freo and open to war and1 merchant ships of nil nations at peace with Germany, subject, goods nnd ships or ail states nre to do treated on terms of absolute equality, and no taxes to, be Imposed beyond those necessary for upkeep and Improvement, for which uermany is to be responsime. in caso of violation of or disagreement as to those provisions, any state may appeal to the league of nations, and may de mand tno appointment or an interna tional commission. For preliminary- hearing of complaints Germany shall establish a local authority at Jviel. Section Thirteen. INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANI ZATION Members of the league of na tions agrco to establish a permanent or ganization to promote International ad justment of labor conditions, to consist of an annual International labor confer enco and an International labor office. Tho former Is composed of four rep resentatives of each state, two from the government and one each from the em ployers and tho employed; each of them may voto Individually, it win be a de liberative legislation body, Its mensurcs- taking tho form of draft conventions or recommendations for legislation, which if passed by two-thirds voto must be sub mitted to tho law-making authority In evory stato participating. Each govern ment may enact tho terms Into law; ap prove the principle, but modify them to local needs; leave the actual legislation In caso of a federal state to local legis latures, or reject the convention altogeth er without further obligation. Tho International labor office Is es tablished at the scat of tho leaguo of nations and part of Its organization. It Is to collect nna distribute information or labor throughout the world and prepare agenda for the conference. It will publish a periodical in inrencn, nnd English and posBlbly other lan guages. Each state agrees to make to It for presentation to tho conference an an nunl report of measures taken to execute accepted conventions. The first meeting of tho conference will take place in October, 1919, at "Washington, to discuss the eight-hour day or 48-hour week; prevention of unomploymont; extension and ap plication of the International conven tions ndopted at Berne In 1900 prohib iting night work for women and the une of white phosphorus In tho man ufacture of matches; and the employ ment of women nnd children at night or In unhealthy work, of women before nnd nfter childbirth, Including mater nity benefit, nnd of children as regards, minimum age. Section Fourteen. GUARANTEES. As a guarantee for the execution of the treaty German territory to the west of the Rhine, together with, the bridgeheads, will be occupied by allied, and associated troops for 15 years' period If the conditions are faithfully carried out by Germany, certain districts, Including, the bridgehead of Cologne, will be evac uated at the expiration of five years; cer tain other districts. Including the bridge head of Coblenz, and the territory nearest tho Dolslan frontier, will be evacuated, after ten years, and the remainder. In cluding the bridgehead of Mainz, will be evacuated after 15 years. In case the Interallted reparation commission finds that Germany has failed to observe the whole or port of her obligations, cither during the occupation or after the 15,. years have expired, the whole or part of tho areas spsclfled will bo reoccuplcd immediately. If before the expiration of the 15 years Germany compiles with all. the treaty undertakings, the occupying forces will be withdrawn Immediately. EASTERN EUROPE. - All Germnn troops at present In territories to the east of the now frontier shall return as soon as the allied and associated governments deem wise. They nro to abstain from, all requisitions and are In no way to In terfere with measures for nntlonal de fense tnken by tho government concerned. All questions regarding occupation not firovlded for by the treaty will bo rcgu ated by a subsequent convention or con ventions which will havo similar force and effect. Section Fifteen, MISCELLANEOUS. Germany agrees to recognize the full validity of the treaties of peace and additional conventions to be concluded by tho allied and associated powers with the powers allied with Ger many, to agreo to tho decisions to be taken as to the territories of Austria Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey nnd to recognize the new states in the frontiers to be fixed for them. Germany agrees not to put forward any pecuniary claims against any allied or associated power signing the present treaty based on events previous to the coming Into force of tho treaty. Germany accepts nil decrees as to Oerman ships and goods made by any allied or associated prize court. The allies reserve the right to examine all decisions of German prize courts. The present treaty, of which the French and British texts are both authentic, shall be ratified and the depositions of ratlllcatlons made In Paris as soon as possible, The treaty is to become effective In all respects for each power on thr-l date of deposition of Its ratification.