THE 3EMI.WEEKLV TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE NEBRASKA
WILSON MOUSES
PEACE COMES
STAND TAKEN ON ITALIAN ISSUE
CREATES SENSATION.
AIMED AT SECRET TREATIES
President Makca Known to World
( Why America Opposes Italy's Dc
, mand8. Peace Must Be Based
On Right and Justice.
Paris, April 28. President Wilson's
emphatic declaration that he will not
ylold on the Adriatic question created
tho most profound sensation In the
peace conference. The mannor In
Which he threw down tho gauntlet to
the supportors of troatlos almost took
uway the hroath of those who liavo
hoon urging compromises on points
covered hy many secret documents
and at vnrlance with the president's
fourteen points.
Tho president's sweeping dcclara
tlon. while aimed dlroellv nt tlm Ad
rlatlc problems, also reaches tho
ICluuChau controversy, In which
Jnpnn relies on secret agreements
mauo wiin urent uritam, franco and
Italy In 1017 to support her In her
claim to tho .concessions held hy Ger
many In Shantung.
Tho peaco delegates generally re
gard President Wilson's statement as
a chnllcngo which once for all will (Its
lso of tho question whether secret
documents, of which ' many nations
participating In tho war wore ignorant,
arc to figure in the peaco following an
nrmlstlco in which all tho allies
pledged gavo no regard to secret
treaties.
Following is" President Wilson's
statement In which he explains to the
world his reason for opposing Italy's
demands:
"In view of tho capital importance
of tho questions affected, and in order
to throw all posslhlo light upon what
Is involved in their settlement, Miope
that tho following statemont will con
trlhuto to the flual formation of opin
ion and to n satisfactory solution.
"When Italy entered the war she
entered upon the bnsls of a definite
private understanding with Great
Britain nn'd Frnnco, now known as
the pnet of London.
"Since that tlmo tho whole face of
circumstances lias been altered. Many
other powers, great and small, have
entered tho struggle, with no knowl
edge of that prjvftto understanding.
"The Austro-llungarlan empire,
then the enemy of Europe, nnd at
i whose expense tho pact of London
was to bo kept In the event of vic
tory, has goiio to pieces and no long
er exists.
"Not only that, hut tho several
parts of that empire, It is agreed
, how by Italy and all her associates,
nro to bo erected Into independent
stntcs and associated In n league of
, nations, not with thqso who were re
cently our enemies, but with Italy
herself and tho powers that stood
wltli Italy In tho great war for liberty.
"Wo nro to establish their liberty
as well as our own. They aro to be
among tho smaller states whoso In
terests uro henceforth to bo safe
guarded as scrupulously as the Inter
ests of the most powerful states.
"Tho war was ended, moreover, by
proposing to Germnny nn nrmjstlco
nnd peace which should bo founded
on certain clearly dunned principles
which set up a now order of right
nnd Justice.
"Upon these principles the peaco
with Germany has been conceived,
, not only, but formulated. Upon thoso
, principles' It will bo effected. "Wo
cannot nsk tho gront body of powers
to propose and effect peaco with Aus
tria and establish a now basis of In
dependence nnd right In 1 the states
which originally constituted tho Aus-
tro-IIungnrlan empire nnd In tho
states of tho Balkan group on prin
ciples of another kind. Wo must np
ply the same principles to the sottlc-
ment of Europe In those quarters that
wo hnvo applied in tho pence with
Germrfny. ,
Structure for Peace.
"It was upon tho explicit avowal
of thoso principles that the Initiative
for peaco was taken. It Is upon them
that tho wholo structure of peace
must rest.
"If thoso principles nre to be ad
hered to, Flume must serve as the
outlet of the commerce, not of Itnly.
but of tho land to the north and
northeast of that port; Hungary, Bo
hemia, llumanin and the states of
tho now .Tugo-Slnv group. To assign
Flumo to Itnly would bo to create
tho feeling that wo havo deliberately
put tho port upon which nil thoso
countries chiefly depend for their nc
cess to tho Mediterranean In the
hands pf n power which It did form
nn Integral pnrt and whoso sovereignty
they, If set up there, must Inevitably
seem foreign, not domestic or Identi
fied with the commercial and Indus
trial life of the regions which the
port must serve, Tt Is for that rea
son, no doubt, that Flumo was not
Included In the pact of London, but
thero definitely assigned to tho Cron
ttans. Romans Shout Flume or Death.
Londop, April 28. Public opinion In
Itnly, nccordlng to a rnossago from
Itomo, la much oxclted against tho
peaco conforenco for rofuslng to rec
ognize tho Italian claims. Apparently
thero is n oomploto tnico in party
politics and the newspapers nro unnnl
mous in blaming Uio allies. It Is de
clared feeling is running so high that
It might havo n disastrous lnflucnco on
Anglo-Italian relations.
"The Italians consider thnt they
havo been betrnyed by tho allies," the
"And the reason why tho line oi
the pact of London swept about many
of the Islands of tho eastern coast of
tho Adriatic and around the portion
of the Dalmatian const, which lies
most open to that suit, was not only
that here mid there on those Islands,
and here and there on that const there
are bodies of noonlo of Italian blood
and connection, but also nnd no doubt
chiefly, because It was felt that It was
necessary for Italy to have a foothold
amidst the rhnnnels of the eastern
Adriatic In order that she might mnke
her own coasts, safe against the naval
aggression of Austria-Hungary.
"Hut Austria-Hungary no longer ex
ists. It Is proposed that the rorun
cations which the Austrian govern
ment constructed there shall bo razed
and permanently destroyed.
"It Is part also of the new plan of
European order which centers In tho
league of nations that tho new states
erected there shall accept a limitation
of armaments, which puts aggression
out of the question. There can be no
fear of the unfnlr treatment or groups
of Italian people there .because ade
qilAte guarantees will bo given, under
International sanction, of the equal
nnd equitable treatment of all racial
or national minorities.
"In brief, every question associated
with this settlement wears a new as
pecta new aspect given It hy the
very victory for right for which Italy
has mnde the supreme sacrifice of
blood and treasure. Italy, along with
the four other great powers, hns be
come one of the chief trustees of the
new order which she has played so
honorable a part in establishing.
"And on the north nnd northeast
her natural frontiers nro completely
restored, along with the whole sweep
of the Alps from northwest to south
east to the very end of the Istrlnn
peninsula, Including nil the great water-shed
within which Trlest and Poln
He nnd all the fair regions whoso faco
nature has turned towards the great
nenlnsula unon which the historic .llfo
of the Latin people has been worked
out through centuries of famous story
ever since Home was first set upon
her seven hills.
"Her ancient unity Is restored. Her
lines nre extended to tho great walls
which nro her natural defense. It
Is within her choice to bo surrounded
by friends; to exhibit to the newly
liberated peoples across the Adriatic
that noblest quality of greatness, mag
nnnlmlty, friendly generosity, the
preference of justice over Interest.
"The nations associated with her,
tho nations that know nothing of the
pnet of London or of any other special
understanding thnt lies at the begin
ning of this groat struggle, and who
have made their supreme sacrifice also
In the Interest, not of national ndvnn
tuco or defense, but of tho settled
peace of tho world, are now united
with her older nssoclntes In urging
her to assume a leadership which can
not bo mlstnkcn In the now order of
Europe.
"America is Italy's friend. Her
people nre drawn, millions strong,
from Italy's own fair countrysides.
She Is linked In blood, as well as In
affection, with the Itnllan people.
Such ties can never bo broken. And
America was privileged, by the gen
erous commission of her associates m
tho war, to initiate tho peaco we aro
about to consummate to Initiate It
upon terms which sho had herself for
mnlntcd and In which I was her
spokesman.
"Tho compulsion Is upon her to
square every decision sho takes a part
In with those principles. She can do
nothing else. She trusts Italy and In
her trust believes Italy will ask noth
ing of her thnt cannot be made tin
mlstnknbly consistent with those sa
cred obligations.
"The Interests nre not now' In ques
tion, but tho rights of peoples, of
slates new nnd old. of liberated peo
ples and peoples whoso rulers hnvo
never accounted them worthy of a
right; above, nil, tho right of tho
world to peace nnd to such settlements
of Interest as .shall make pence se
cure. "These, and these only, nre the
principles for which America has
fought. These, nnd these only, nro
the principles upon which 'she enn con
sent to mako pence, Only upon these
principles sire hopes and believes will
the pooplo of Itnly nsk her to mako
pence."
Orlando Rebukes Wilson.
Paris, April 28. Promlor Orlando of
Italy mnde a statomcnt before leaving
for Home In which ho declared Presi
dent Wilson's proclamation was an at
tempt to place tho government In op
position to tho .peoplo. "He Is treating
the Italians." said tho premier, "as If
they were a barbarous people, without
a democratic government." He re
buked the president for addressing
himself to the Italian peoplo over the
head of tho Italian government nnd
snys he never considered America
bound by tho treaty of London, but
that Itnly's case Is based rather on
right and Justice.
The premier says ho has never de
nied that tho pact of London did not
apply to Flume, but tho Itnllan claim
was based on tho principles of Presi
dent Wilson's fourteen points.
Believe Italy Will Yield.
Washington, 'D. O., April 2S Ofllclnl
circles hero believe Italy eventually
would bo obliged to recede from her
domands, though It wns recognized
that for tho moment Premier Orlnndo
and his delegations wero fflillged to
maintain nn unyielding nttltudo or
faco repudiation nt home.
dispatch snys. "The wholo nation Is
arousod nnd has rallied to tho support
of Orlando nnd Sonnlno. Thoro Is n
brnvo nrmy ready to make overy sacrl
flee for the realization of their pro
gram.' Many popular demonstrations
havo taken place, and tho watchword
adopted Is 'Flumo or death.'"
Detroit Claims Honor.
Detroit, Mich., April 2S. Detroit
claims tho honor of holng the first
largo city in tho country to exceed its
quota In the victory liberty loan.
Scottish
soldiers loading on a British ship some of the gold bullion with which Germany Is paying for food
es. 2 German govcrnm.nt sniper on n roof picking off Spartacans. 3 Obverse nnd reverse of th
from
the alii
medal w
gold
"It'll will be presented to
NEWS REVIEW OF
CURRENT EVENTS
Italians, Being Refused Fiume by
President Wilson, Bolt the
Peace Conference.
RESULTS MAY PROVE SERIOUS
Success of League of Nations Is Imper
iled Bolshevists and Communists
Losing Ground Victory Loan
Going Well Carranza De
nounces Monroe Doctrine.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD.
President Wilson declared flatly last
Wednesday that Italy should not have
Flume because that outlet to the Adri
atic wns essential to the prosperity of
the Croatlans and other .Tugo-Slnv
peoples.
Premier Orlando promptly an
nounced the withdrawal of the Italian
delegates from the peace conference
and on Thursday himself left Paris,
his colleagues remaining for the pres
ent In the vicinity of the French cnpl-
tal. "We do not break with our allies,
but hand over our Interests to their
hands trusting they will loyally fulfill
their mission," said Orlnndo.
The seriousness of the situation wail
recognized by all, and France nnd
Great Britain renewed, their efforts to
bring nbout an agreement. The Italian
delegates endeavored to throw on Mr.
Wilson personally the blame for the
break, asserting that Just before the
president Issued his statement they
had received from Clemenceiui, Lloyd
George and Wilson proposals thnt Fl
ume should bo a free port, nil the Dal
matian Island cities going to Italy and
the hinterland to Croatia. This plan,
they declared, would have been accept
ed by them with the exception that the
city of Flume should be Italian and
Its port only Internationalized. While
their nmbnssador wns on his way with
u rei ly to this, said the Italians, they
were astounded to read In a I'arlB
newspaper Mr. Wilson's -statement and
appeal to public opinion in Italy. They
asserted that Mr. Wilson made a grave
error in diplomatic etiquette and that
nothing was left for them except to
withdraw from the conference.
Lloyd George nnd Clemenceau, It
wns said, read and approved Wilson's
statement before It was given put, but
neither of them signed It. The docu
ment called attention to the fact thnt
the treaty of London gave the Dalma
tian coast and cities to Italy because
she needed protection against Austro
Hungnry, but that the Austyo-Hungnr-Ian
empire no longer exists and so the
necessity has pnssed; thnt Italy gave
her adherence, to the 34 points, and
thnt to give Flume to her would not
bo In accordance with them. The
Italians replied that Wilson already
had compromised some c' those points,
notnbly in the case of tho freedom of
the seas and the Siuir basin, nnd thnt
Italy was being discriminated against.
This really was the crux of the dis
pute. Mr. Wilson may huve acted too Im
petuously nnd may have violated dip
lomatic courtesy In appealing to the
Italian people over their government,
but It Is likely that In the matter of
tho disposition of Flume he Is backed
by the great body of public opinion In
this country, and probably In (irent
Britain and France. The Justice of the
claims of the Jugo-Slnvs ure generally
recognized. Italy asserts Flume Is an
Itnllan city, but this Is only half a
truth, for a large part pf It Is Inhabit
ed by Croatlans.
What would be tho result If Italy's
withdrawal from tho conference were
permanent wns tho oubjoct of much
speculation. It was believed thero
would be no consequent delay in the
treaty dealings, with Germany, and
thero were Intimations that Italy
would undertake to make a separato
peuce with Germany. Of course Italy
would cense to bo a charter member of
the Icngt of nations and would he ad
President Wilson by leading citizens of
mitted later only by vote, like the en
emy nntlons. If she chose to remain
aloof from the league, the strength
and value of that association would
be greatly Impaired, according to some
authorities. In political circles In
Home it wus predicted that Orlando
and Sonnlno would offer their resig
nations to the parliament and would
be unnnlmously confirmed In the ten
ure of their ofllccs. The king lost no
time in wiring his absolute approval
of tho course they were pursuing In
Paris, and theyvwero given ardent sup
port by the Italian press nnd by pub
lic demonstrations.
Italy already Is In possession of
Flume as well as the Dalmatian coast
territory she clnlms, and declared she
Intended to hold them, tyy force If nec
essary. In such case the league of na
tions could not act militarily because It
does not yet exist. Nor would any
of the nllied nations tnke up arms
against Italy, nccordlng to opinion In
Paris. It was believed there that if
either Great Britain or France took
sides with Itnly In the dispute, the
United Stntcs might withdraw from
the conference nnd mnke u separate
peace -with the enemy countries.
It was reported that Italy was hur
rying more troops to Flume, and the
early opening of hostilities between
them nnd the Jugo-Slnvs there and at
other points was freely predicted.
Closely resembling the Adriatic is
sue, and senrcely less difficult of solu
tion, was the matter of KInu-Chnu, for
Jnpnn relies on secret agreements
with Grent Britain, France nnd Itnly
to support her claim to the concessions
In Shantung which were held by the
Germans. The council, reduced to
three by Orlando's defection, gave
much time last week to this contro
versy, but Its conclusions, If any wero
reached, were not known ut the time
of writing.
It nppears that the peace treaty will
not be ready for the signatures of tho
Germans so soon as had been expect
ed, because of the long task of com
pleting the drnftlng, and ns the Ger
man government unnounced Its dele
gates would not arrive at Versailles
us early ns former pjnns contemplated.
The treaty may be presented to them
piecemeal, so that it can bo signed
about May in. in that case peace
would Jio effective throughout tho
world nbout July 15, for a clause will
be Inserted providing that the pact
shall go Into effect 00 days after It Is
signed. The German party, headed by
Count von Brockdorff-Rnntznu, will
Include nbout 75 perfjoirs. It is the
present plan to keep them virtually In
communicado at Versailles, but both
the Germans and the American corre
spondents are protesting against this.
The first of General nailer's divi
sions, transported through Germnny by
train, began to arrive In Polnnd last
week, to the great contentment of Hint
rather hard-pressed country. The Poles
and Czeeho-Slovnks will be required to
settle between themselves their dis
pute over tno Teschon mining region.
Polish forces recaptured Vllna, the
Lithuanian railway center, from the
bolshevlkl.
Bolshevism and communism had a
hard week of It. The Russian soviet
First nrmy surrendered to Ukrainian
troops under General Petlura In tho
region of Home, giving up large stores
of munitions, nnd a few days later tho
Ukrainians drove the bolshevlkl out of
Kiev, being nldod by many of their
prisoners, who volunteered to servo
against their former comrades. Along
tho Petehorn river the bolshevlst
troops were driven far back by the
loyal Russians and Slberlnns, who
were not fur from a Junction with tho
allied forces In the Archangel district.
The hitter had several successes and
took much material, and they were
Joined by numerous deserters. In
southeastern Hussla, In the region of
Urulsk, tho Ural Cos-sacks, apparently
acting In conjunction with Admiral
Knlclmk's Siberians, forced the bolshe
vlkl to retire a long way to the north.
IH'ln Kun nnd' his soviet government
of Hungary seemed npprouchlng their
end, ami there were Intimations that
that leuder was ready to retire In fa
vor of the socialists. Uoumiinla, act
ing under the Instructions of the utiles,
Swltzcrlund.
was steadily moving Into Hungnrlan
territory with tho purpose of stemming
tho bojshcvlk advance, and there wns
n serious crisis in Budapest.
The communists still held on In
Munich, but the government of Pre
mier Hoffman was pressing them close
ly und most of the Bavarians seemed
ngnlnst them. In Munich Itself terror
ism, rioting and grent distress ruled,
nnd nenrly nil the workers were Idle.
Elsewhere In Germnny, especially In
Hamburg nnd Bremen, there wns n
continuation of the fighting nnd dlsor
der that have been prevalent foi
months. The detulls nre uninterest
ing. An attempt to seize Vlennn was
mnde by communists led by Hungnr
Inn agitators. It was foiled and tho
Hungnrlans were arretsed and ejected
from tho city.
The plan of the allies to withdraw
their troops from Hussla and to supply
the nntl-bolshevlk elements wltirmunl
Hons met with the hearty approval ot
the governments of North Russia and
Omsk, but they' protest earnestly
ngnlnst Doctor Nnnsen's proposal that
the bolshevlkl lie supplied with food
provided hostilities arc entirely stop
ped. The loyal Russians have no in
tention or desire to cease their war
faro on the Lenlne-Trotzky forces nnd
are confident the bolshevlsts will bo
defeated. In this view the Russian rep
resentatlves In Paris and Washington
concur. According to the present
plans of the nllles, the Omsk govern
ment will be recognized by them soon
nfter Uie peace treaty Is signed, and In
the meantime any diplomatic advances
by the bolshevlkl will be Ignored.
According to documents published In
a Swiss paper, Lenlne hns his eye on
Switzerland now. The papers were
marked "very confidential" and enti
tled "General Instructions for a revolu
tion In Switzerland." According to
Lenlne's orders, "nil tho federal au
thorities and also tho military staff
must be captured and held as hostages.
Ho also directs that tho banks, rail,
ways, factories nnd newspnpers be
seized and plnceh under tho control of
Comrade Radek. That Is the mnn who
hns been directing the movements of
the Spartacans In Germany.
Hjalmar Brantlng, the Swedish so
cinllst lender, addressing the socialist
congress In Pnrls, wurned his henrcrs
of the results of soviet government,
which he said meant absolute eco
nomic decomposition, misery nnd fum
Inc. The congress pnssed resolutions
demanding the return to the state ot
excess war profits and tho levying of
special taxes on wealthy establish
ments, llnnnclnl monopolies, concerns
dealing In luxuries, railways and large
enterprises sucli ns mines and banks.
A reduction in the hours of lnbor, the
fixing of minimum wages and rigor
ous protection of mothers nnd children
were also demanded.
The Victory loan campaign wai
launched last week nnd the results of
the first few days were so satisfactory
that the treasury officials were almost
'surprised. The slogan, "Let's Finish
the Job," has caught the public mind
and is catching tho public's dollars,
and the enthusiasm displayed all over
the country is no less than that dis
played In the former lonn campaigns.
The drive Is greatly aided by the pres
ence of returned fighters and of cap
tured German submarines, cannon and
airplanes.
President Carranzn throw his som
brero Into the ring lnst week with an
nttuck on the Monroe doctrine. In a
formal statement his foreign depart
ment said : "The conference now meet
ing at Paris has considered the recog
nition of the Monroe doctrine. Some
governments, friends of Mexico, have
asked Mexico for Its opinion regarding
tho doctrine, nnd the Mexican depart
ment of foreign relations hns answered
that the Mexican government has not
recognized and will not recognize the
Monroe doctrine or any other doctrine
that attacks the sovereignty and Inde
pendence of Mexico."
nut who cares?
Carranza nhn ordered his minister
to France to withdraw to Spain be
cause, though he ha been In Paris
slnco December, he has not yet been
permitted to present his credentials to
tho French govurnment.
OPEN TO lUMli
THIRTEEN NATIONS ASKED TO
JOIN THE WORLD LEAGUE.
REVISED COVENANT PUBLISHED.
Mexico Not Invited to Become Mem
ber. Now Slav States Aro to Be
Parties to Agreement.
Washington, D. C, April 211. Tho
revised covenant of the league of na
tions, which was representee' In tho
peace conference In plenary session at
Paris Monday, was made public hero
Sunday evening by tho State depart
ment. Its essential features already
had been disclosed through nn otllclal
summary Issued two. weeks ngo.
Attached to the text, however. Is tho
hitherto unpublished "annex" referred
to In tho owonant, in which nro
named the thirty-one stnte, including,
the self-governing British dominions,
which are to bo tlie original members
of tho league of nations, and .thirteen
states to bo Invited to accede to tho
covenant.
The original members nre nil the na
tions which declared war on Ger
mnny, nnd In addition the new stjitea
of Czecho-SlovaMa nnd Polnnd. '
Thoso Invited to become members by
acceding to the covenant nre :
The three Scandinavian countries,
Tho Netherlands, Switzerland Sjmla
and Persia, and the American repub
lics Of Argentina, Chile, Colombia,
Paraguay, Salvador and Venezuela.
Mexico does not appear In the list.
Provision Is made in the covenant,
however, for the admission to tho
league of any fully self-governing
country, which will give required guar
antees, upon a two-thirds vote of the
assembly.
As In the original document, tho
covenant provides, that the league shall
net through nn assembly, In which
ench stnte shall havo one wte and not
more than three delegates, and a coun
cil, comprising for the present ono
representntlve of ench of the live great
powers nnd each of four other powers
to be selected from time to time by the
assembly.
Members of each class represented
on the council may be Increased by
unanimous consent of tho council and
n majority of the assembly.
Tho text provides that nothing in
tho covennnt shall be deemed 'to af
fect the validity of international en
gagements, such as treaties of arbitra
tion or regional understandings liko
tho Monroe doctrine for securing the
maintenance of peace."
This was tho amendment for which
President Wilson, made n successful
fight at the samo time the Japanese
delegation to the peace conference
sought vainly to have a race equality
provision Inserted in the covenant.
Changes suggested In criticisms in
tho United States senate and provi
sions for the withdrawal of- a member
nntlon upon two years' notice after
fulfillment of the league obligations,
exempt domestic questions from tho
league's jurisdictions, provide that
mandatories over German colonies or
former Ottomnn dominions shall be
given only to nations willing to ac
cept them, leave it to member states
to decide what armed force. If any,
It will contribute to the force required
by the league to enforce Its mandates,
nnd mako It clear that members suites
individually will pass upon proposed
limitations upon their nrmnments.
With modifications, the new draft
Includes all the provisions for the
submission to the council of interna
tional disputes, for inviting noninem-
ber nations to accept tho obligations
of members for tho purpose of ad
justing disputes and for breaking eco
nomic relations by tho use of armed
forco in dealing with a stnte which ,
hns broken tho covennnt.
Except in certnin specified In
stances, unanimous ngreement is re
quired for nil decisions.
The word "external" In Article 10-
shows that the league cannot be
used like the Holy Alliance to sup
press nntionnl or other movements
within the Itouudaries of member
stntes, but only to prevent forcible
nnnexntlon from without.
Articles 10, 11 und 19 ore cited ns-
mnklng plnin that tho covenant is
not Intended to make the new terri
torial settlement In Europe unalter
able for all time.
The covennnt does not create a su
perstate; the league must depend
upon the free consent of Its compon
ent stntes.
Orlando Warmly Greeted.
Home, April 2ft. -Premier Orlando.
nppenllng directly to Uio Italian peo
ple, was given assurance lnst Fridny
thnt they Indorse his withdrawal from
tlie peace conference nnd will con-
tinuo to support Itnly's clnlm to
Flume. It wns a day of protest
throughout the kingdom. Demonstra
tions occurred In every city from tho
Alps to Sicily.
"Flu" Takes Heavy Toll.
London. April SO. Almost 5.000.000
persons havo died In British India
from Spanish Influenza and fullv i.
000,000 other nro believed to have died
In tho native states from Uie soma
cause, according to a report of the In-
dlnn government. Tho nren affected
contained a populnUon of 238,020,240,
In n few months, It is observed, in.
fluenza claimed hnlf as many victims
ns did the dreaded plague In 20 years