THE SEMI WFPKLY TRIBUTE, MORTH PLATTC. NEBRASKA.
HOW SUBS WERE
FOILED IS TOLD
Camouflage and Big Convoys
Used to Make Our Ship
ping Safe.
DETAILS ARE MADE PUBLIC
Official of United States Shipping
Board Describes Convoy's Activity
From Time It Left
New York.
Now York. With the need of se
crecy ended by the cessation of fight
ing "on Innd, on sen and In the nlr"
the tncthodH used to bnfllo tlie Hun
submarines have been revealed by of
ficers of the United .StnteH shipping
bonrd. They mndo public the details
of convoy ninnngement nnd the proper
camouflaging of grouped ships to make
their destruction by undersell craft
difficult.
One of (he officers lupins his de
Brrlj tton of a convoy's activity from
the time It left the port of New York.
"Once we were out In the stream."
lie says, "we headed down the chan
nel for the lightship, beyond which
our convoy and escorts, were waiting
for us. All were slowly under way
when wo reached them. The ships of
different columns took their places,
and nftor a few minutes' confusion,
and lively work on tho signal halyards
ihe other ships of tho convoy got Into
place.
"Guarded abovo by dirigibles, hydro
planes and anchored balloons, and on
Uio surface by a flout of patrol boats
bh well as our ocean escort, we pro
ceeded, nnd America soon dropped be
low tho western horizon. At sunset
wo were well out to sea.
Back to Primitive Methods.
"As In tho army we have turned
bnck to medieval helmets and armor,
so on tho water we have turned to
medieval naval tactics; but Instend of
tonvoys of Spnnlsh galleons and fri
gates of tho seventeenth century from
tho new world to tho old, our convoys
were American transports and de
stroyers. "Even the old snllmnker aboard our
dilp, who had been on tho ocean ever
ilncc ho shipped as cnbln hoy on board
a down East bluo noser GO years ago,
sdmltted tho convoy gamo was a now
one on him, and hung over the rail
watching our many war-colored neigh,
bors.
"It Is not hard to see why the con
voy system was effective. Take the
rase of a convoy of 25 ships (72 Is tho
largest number I'vo heard of In one
convoy; our mate told mo of being
caught In n 72-shlp convoy In u sail
ing ship In tho Hay of Biscay). When
theso ships went In convoy Instead of
Ihero being 25 different units scattered
all over tho 'zone' for tho U-boats to
llnd, -thero was only one. That Is, the
Hun had only one chance of meeting
ft ship where he had 25 before. And
If he did meet tho convoy he found
AMUSEMENT FOR WOUNDED TOMMIES AT DEAL
These Tommies, who have done their
against the Hun, tiro seen here showing great Interest In tho tine codling
cnught by Mrs. McHutchlus. winner of tho ladles' sea angling competition at
Deal.
sheTkeeps
Red Cross Worker Tells Fortunes
for Boys.
Relieves the Monotony for Wounded
Yankee Soldiers In the
Hospitals.
By GERTRUDE ORR.
"You will receive A letter In a few
lays which will bring you good news
. . . Urn I Yes, and you are going
to rccelvo a present, from a lady
blonde, whom you nre going to meet."
"Trust Hefty, there, to meet tho
blondes," drawled a lanky Southerner,
nnd tho group of Interested soldiers
clustered about tho fortune teller
nhouted In chorus, "Oh, out I He's
thero with tho blondes I"
Hefty locked emhnrrassed. but
pleased.
"Tell me some morel" he urged, and
tho fortune teller, conning the cards,
It usually with a naval escort, whose
solo business was sinking submarine.
He found, too. 25 lookouts on watch
for him, 25 sets of guns ready for him,
where there were but one ouch before
If the Hun showed himself to a con
voy and Its escort, the odds were that
he was due for a quick trip to the bot
tom. "The usual convoy formation was In
columns In a rough square. This was
the most compact, and the Inside ships
were practically Immune from attack.
Tho escorts circled the convoy, If
necessary, and the outside ships con
centrated their flro on any submarine
that appeared.
"Convoys were mnde up at different
speeds, and even the rustiest old
tramps were provided for In a six-knot
class.
"In spite of this, some captains' Im
agination nlways tacked a couple of
knots to their ship's speed. There
seemed to bo a nautical version of
Home, Sweet Home' 'be It ever so
humble, there's no ship like mine.' and
vcshc.s making nine knots on Broad-
way make a bare seven off Fire Island.
"It was remarkable what a snappy
CANADA REBORN
AS WAR RESULT
-
Dominion Proud of Its Record in
Battle, Finance and In
dustry. KEEN TO RENEW PROGRESS
Discovers Not Merely Gallantry of Her
Soldiers, But Brains, Capacity and
Efficiency of Her Whole
People.
Toronto. It Is u new Cannda thnt
emerges from the world war a nntlon
transformed from that which entered
the conlllct In U)M.
Moru than 50.000 of her sons llu In
soldiers' grnVes In Europe. Three
tlmcB that number hnve been more or
less Incapacitated by wounds. The
cost of the war In money Is estimated
to be already $1,100,000,000.
These are not light losses for a coun
try of 8,000,000 people. Fortunately,
thero Is also a credit side.
Canada has "found herself" In this
war. She has discovered not merely
the gallantry of her soldiers, but the
brains and capacity and elllclency of
her whole people. In every branch, In
arms, In Industry, In iluance, she has
had to measure her wits against 4ho
world, and In no case has Canada rea
son to be other than gratified.
Of the glory that Is Canada's because
of thu gallantry and endurance and
part nobly In tho victorious struggle '
read for the wounded soldier a romlnir
day of good luck when muddy trenches,
shivering nights under bombardment
nnd aching shraiu A wounds would ho
torgouon except as a bale of hard
work well done to crown the days of
pence with content.
The gipsy, In her scarlet kerchief,
has always piled her trado profitably.
An American Red Cross worker, In a
Paris hospital, has discovered that the
scarlet kerchief Is not a necessary
requisite for drawing a clientele. She
began telling fortunes 0110 afternoon
Just to while away an hour Tor a .hoy
who hud begun to lose Interest In get
ting well. He wns restless and weary.
For four months he had been lying in
the same Un ; other patients had come
and (;nue.
"You're going to havo an Interesting
adventuro tomorrow," predicted the
Ited Cross lady, and the following day
n pal vlth whom Hefty had trained In
thu States and whom he hadn't seen
for six months, was carried Into
the
escort command)-'' rould do with ht
charges. After a day or two together
he had them maneuvering In position
'like a second grund tleet; zigzagging
'dark' through a black night, not u ray
, of light showing anywhere If they
were In the danger zone or n tin fish
was reported near.
Color Schemes Are Bizarre.
"The war brought no stranger spec
tacle than that of a convoy of steam
ships plowing along through the mid
dle of the ocean streaked and bes pot
ted Indiscriminately with every color
of the rainbow In a way more bizarre
than tho wildest dreams of n sailor's
first night ashore.
"Tho effect of good eamoutlngo was
remarkable. I have often looked at a
fellow ship In the convoy on our
quarter on exactly the snme courses
we were, hut on uccount of her camou
flage she appeared to be mnklng right
for us on a course at least forty-fivo
degrees different from the one she was
! .1.. 111. .11,. Lllllll..f
"The deception was remarkable even
under such conditions as these, nnd of
course a U-boat, with Its hasty limited
observation, was much more likely to
be fooled.
"Kneli nation seemed to hnve a char
acteristic typo of cnmouflnge, and aft
er a little practice you could usually
spot a ship's nationality by her style
of cnmoullage long lief ore you could
make out her ensign."
brains of her hoys at the front not the
half has yet been told. "The most
formidable lighting force In Kurope"
is not a phrase of empty words. Char
acteristic of nil that has gone before
Is the fact that the last act before tho
curtain was rung down on the drama
of war should be tho capture of Mons
by tho Cnnadlan corps. No Canadian,
when he heard that It was reserved
to Canadians to retrieve the great
tragedy to tho original British army
In August, 1014. but felt his pulse
jump and the red blood surge through
his veins.
Beat Fourth of Hun Army.
These hoys who went from Cnnadlnn
firesides, who never heard the Jangle
of a sword previous to 1014. In tho Inst
four months have met the flower of
tho Germnn army, vaunting wnrrlors
who had given their lifetime to prep
aration. Divisions totaling one-fourth
of the entire German army were In
this period met In succession and van
quished by four divisions from Can
ada. Nor have the people at home been
lagging behind tho boys at the front
In courage, resourcefulness and elll
clency. The development of Canada's
war Industry Is an Industrial romance
of front rank. American government
ofllclals can testify to the efficiency of
the manufacturing plant Canada has
built up In four short years. In de
partment after department, where they
found American Industry f tilled them,
they were able to turn to Canada. The
full story may be revenled some day.
In flnnnce, Canada before tho war
was always a borrower and expected
to he so for many years to como. Hut
for a year and a half Canadn In flnnnce
has been "on her own." More than that,
she has been furnishing large credits
to other nations.
Having triumphed over tho soul
testing crises of war, Canada faces an
era of peace with more than confidence
--with buoyancy.
A vust program of reconstruction
and of development awaits. The
country Is eager to get at It nnd Is
Impatient fop the government to give
the word. Public works of tremen
dous Importance, silent since 1014, nre
awaiting labor soon to be available.
Shipbuilding, railway equipment, steel
production and many other Industries
will, under proper direction, go for
ward with a hound.
. f i i .. . .
I i uuiinimii LwiiuiM.vMim under l.loyu
Harris, fresh from Washington. Is
headed for Europo for the purpose of
securing orders ror Canadian Indus
tries for the reconstruction of Kurope.
i There Is no room In Canada today
for the pessimist. In four years Can
j adn has trebled her agricultural pro
duction. In ten years one railway's
earnings rose from S40.000.000 tn si .in.
000,000. In 80 years Canada's savings
nanus deposits havo Increased from
SIW.OOO.OOO to SI, T.'W.OOO.OOO. Uko
figures could be quoted Indefinitely.
ward and placed In the bed beside him.
"She's a wlz." announced Hefty to
the ward, and the Hod Cross lady
found herself swamped with demands
for seances. She sees only happiness
nnd good fortune ahead nnd the con
valescents, with a new Interest In life,
llnd tho days go less slowly when
something good awaits them Just
around the corner.
They know It's good luck hecauso
"Tho Ited Cross lady says so she saw
it It) the cards."
! MAKES "NIGHT OWLS"
DIG FOR SMOKE FUND
Seattle. A number of the reg. i
ulnr roomers In the hotel Vir
ginia here have a habit of com
ing In after midnight. Tho land- !
. lady, Mrs, Clarke, now fines each
one of her roomers who arrives
after 12 midnight and turns the
; money Into the "our boys In
1 France tobacco fund."
r WVVV WVMiMusyvvvi
HEAVY STRAIN ON HIGHWAYS
Roads That Stand Traffic -in Normal
Tlmea Now Called Upon to With
stand Motortrucks.
(Prepared by tho United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Apparently the point hns been
reached where the demands of trnflic
have exceeded tho strength of tho
nvenige road to meet them. High
ways designed to withstand the
pounding of ordlnury loads, that havo
stood up under Imposts they were In
tended to sustain, no longer appear
to be adequule to meet the prosent
iday conditions. Congestion on our
railways, possibly more ncute in some
Kectlons than In others, has put upon
our roads a transportation burden nev
er expected und consequently not pro
vided for by tho engineers who design
ed the highway systems of the states.
Roads have been designed with tho
same enro as given to other structures
and with the same regard for the pur
poses for which they were constructed
and the burdens they were called upon
to bear. Widespread failure Is dem
onstrative of the fact thnt roads can
not carry unlimited lending. Their ca
pacity Is limited. If it is exceeded
habitually and constantly, then they
cannot survive.
Tho products of our farms and of
our factories must be moved. The
wants of our urban dwellers must be
met. But tho needs of our country In
volved In this great conlllct tiro para
mount to tho needs of single communi
ties, and thus when avalanches of
freight destined to fill the grenter ne
cessity made Imperative the partial
closing of our vast system of rail trans
portation to tho smaller, the relief np
peured to bo in the motortruck and tho
highway. Single light units expanded
Motortruck With Load of Farm
Produce.
Into great fleets, then grew Into heav
ier units thnt, In turn, developed Into
long trains. From horse-drawn ve
hicles with concentrated loads of prob
ably threo tons at most, traveling at
tho rato of four miles an hour, sprung
almost overnight tho heavy motortruck
with n concentrated load of from eight
to 12 tons, thundering along at a
speed of 20 miles an hour. Tho result?
Tho worn nnd broken threads that bind
our communities together. Tho solu
tion?' That Is tho problem that con
fronts tho men who will bo called up
on to meet tho ever-growing demands
upon our highways nnd to dcvlso reg
ulations fair to those who pay for their
construction nnd to those who pay for
their use.
HAVE ROADS IN GOOD ORDER
Those Needing Surfacing Will Soon
Pay for Themselves In Improved
Marketing Conditions.
It costs something to put ronda In
order, to surface those that need sur
facing, but they will pay for them
selves In lncrensed land values nnd
Improved marketing conditions. Tho
bad road s cost Is never setth:d. It
Is like n shoddy plceo of goods bought
at u high price on Installments nnd
worn out before It Is paid for. only to
be replaced by another of the sumo
sort on tho same plan of payment.
On a deal of this kind wo never catch
up with our losses.
SURFACE ALONE APPRECIATED
Public Rarely Notices Drainage and
Hidden Features That Tend to
Conserve Roads.
Tho public appreciates only repairs
to tho surface and rarely notices tho
drainage and hidden features that con
servo a road. Ono heavy load of lum
ber hauled In wet weather will undo
tho work of weeks of faithful work on
tho part of tho repair man.
Plan for Dragging Roads.
It Is an easy matter to have an
agreement so each farmer will drag
the road In front of his farm. This
would maintain tho road till the regu
lar liniuls could bo called nut at stated
Intervals or till thu commissioner could
mnko tho necessnry repairs.
Winter Work for Horses.
Work can bo found for tho horses
In winter work they can do on some
what reduced rations. Tho owner can
get his neighbors to Join with him on
some much-needed road repairing.
a Ae CAPITAL!
Punishment for Archcriminals of Great War
WASHINGTON. Americnns should understand that lu listening to tho cry
of the Germnn people for food the allies ha.ve not tho slightest Intention
or either forgetting or forgiving German crimes ugainst civilization and
humanity. On the contrary, thero Is
every Indication that tho victors Intend
t(- make the criminals In Germany and
other countries pny the penalty for
these crimes. Even the Germnns nnd
Austrlnns tippear to have turned
against those who got them Into the
war. There Is, however, this radical
difference of viewpoint: Tho Germans
and Austrlans would punish the ex
kaiser and the ex-emperor as traitors;
the allies would punish these former
rulers and others as common criminals
amenable to the criminal code. For Instnnce, the ex-knlser linn boon indicted
for murder In England In connection with the sinking of the Lusltanla.
As a result of investigations mnde In the region of Lille "precise charges
have been made out against German officers guilty of hnvlng ordered or
committed shocking crimes. It wns In April of 101G that the Germans seized
In Lille, Itotibnlx and Turcolng 22,000 women, girls nnd men and drove thorn
Into shivery. Whether the German government Is nblo or not to turn tho
crimlnnls over to their French judges, sentence will bo passed on the guilty
nnd the victors will hunt them down.
Franco has 11 great score to settle, but Belgium's is oven greater. To
mention Liege, I.ouvaln, Aerschot and Mnllnes is to recall an appalling
chronicle of frlghtfulness some ofllclal, some Individual.
The German brutalities townrd allied prisoners, tho starvation by tho
Turks of their British captives, must be avenged.
There should be a trial of the men guilty of that most colossal massacre
of noncombatants committed In till the war- the almost completo extermina
tion of the Armenian race by the Turks.
The man or set of men responsible for the murders committed by tho
German submarines must be punished. Some one high tip Is the real criminal,
whether he bo Von Tlrpltz or Holienzollern or some creature unidentified.
What the victors In this wnr have been fighting for is Justice and order.
These go together, putting aside false mercy nnd lnsnno fury.
Swivel-Chair Brigade
WASHINGTON'S armchair army
war has been so gallnntly won.
these officers that they wore spurs
ordnance department are desirous of
getting bnck Into civil life os fast as they can go. But they are up against
a snag. None of the resignations hns been accepted nnd none will bo until
the construction plans hnve been thoroughly digested and until the need for
tho olllcers no longer exists.
In other words, no officer of the army Is to be allowed to quit nt this time
just because ho wants to. Most of the officers taken on the staffs hero In
Washington used every sort of "pull" to get their commissions, and now that
they have them they are finding It not an easy matter to let them go.
Thero Is no chance at this time for the blanket acceptance of resignations,
especially among the young men who were In the first und second drafts and
were commissioned without serving any time In the ranks.
Every mother or father who has made a request for tho return of a son
nnturally regards It as a very small matter to grant their particular request.
It is true the early return of one or two men would not disrupt tho genernl
scheme. But thero are thousands of such requests already and likely to bo
thousands more, nnd the department feels It would be folly to begin tho
practice.
To IMe Public School
I1ILE the general staff of the army Is working out n plan of universal
military training for submission to tho president as a part of the per
manent army organization, Secretnry
congress for legislation extending fed
eral aid to the rubllc schools through
out the country for the establishment
of systems of physical education and
training.
At the direction of Mr. Lane, Com
missioner of Education Claxton has
drafted a hill which provides for fed
eral appropriations aggregating .?20,
000,000 a year eventually for tlie sup
port of the physical training courses
for boys and girls, the government giv
ing one dollar for every dollar appro
priated by Individual states for the worlt. The authors of the plan say that It
Is not a substitute for military training; with respect to boys, It Is premllltnry
training. It Is a program for producing physically fit men and women by
physically educating boys and girls during the period of Immaturity. The
program stops at eighteen years of age.
It Is not exclusively preparatory to military training. It Is for both sexes.
It Is for the strong and the weak. It Is for eflltient living, not merely for1
one function of life.
Who Is Trying to Wipe
IIO caused the elimination by the
from the list of soft drinks to be
bill? Of course you guess It on Wlllluin
LOOKS
THE aNUEMAN
FROM NORTH
CAROUMft v
(IT
0 Wf
ence of Mr. Bryan or Secretary Daniels suspicion falls upon Senator Sim
mons, chairman of the committee, whose state. North Carolina, produces tho
Scruppernong grape, once famed for wine and now for tho unfermented Juice.
The house specifically taxed grape Juice. The senate finance commltteo
first struck out the word "grupe" and substituted "fruit nnd berry" before
"Juice."
That made tho tax apply to apple cider, currant Juice, loganberry nnd all
tho other fruit and berry juices, and It, of course, called out a protest from
tho farmers who mnko elder, loganberry, currant, blackberry and other un
fermented beverages.
This was apparently what the committee anticipated, nnd In another
revision It struck out "fruit nnd berry Juices" and then wrote tho eame excep
tion Into the taxable roft drink list.
By the two revisions tho commltteo exempted grape Julco without dolnir
It directly.
HIMMEL-
IT LOOKS
LIKE DEY IS
I Iv lM 01
I ri
S0lrfT
Yearns for Civil Life
Is anxious to quit tho job now that tho
Uncle Joe Cannon once said of some of
to keep their feet from slipping off their
desks. It Is snld no fewer than 1,800
ofllcers In the ordnance department
stationed in and around Washington
have tendered their resignations slnco
the signing of the armistice. A great
many of these ofllcers, expert in, their
line, gave up high-salaried positions to
don the khaki when the war was tho
only thing In life, worth considering
und when the uniform carried with It
the homage of a grateful people.
Now the men who make up tho
Children Physically Fit
of the Interior Lano Is preparing to aslc
Out Grape Juice Tax?
senate finance commltteo of grape Juice
taxed 10 per cent In tho pending revonuo
Jennings Bryan tho Bryan who Uvea
in Lincoln. Neb., and used to bo Id
Mr. Wilson's cabinet. lie's strong for
grape juice nnd also frugal. But If It
was Mr. Bryan, nobody can provo It
on him.
Maybo your next guess Is Secre
tary of the Navy Daniels. He's as
strong for the unferraented as Is W. J..
B. But he's got an alibi, too.
This question has been tho theino
of much jocular speculation In tho
cloak rooms of congress. In tho ab
sence of visible evidence of the Influ
WW