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The Housewife andHer Work
Helping the Meat and Milk Supply
W People i-
(Special Information Sorvlcc, United Stntcs Dcpnrtmont of Agriculture.)
EXTENSION WORKERS HELP COMBAT INFLUENZA.
(Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture)
WOMEN MEET NEED FOR COW JESTERS
EBERT, NEW GERMAN CHANCELLOR
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A Woman Cow Tester With
AS COW TESTER
Twenty-Seven Now Performing
Work Reported by Special
ists as Above Average.
1P0RTANT TASK OF DAIRY
Kssociations Would Increase If More
Testers Were Available Some
Training That Is Easily Ac
quired Is Needed.
"""
Tho twenty-seven women now em
ployed as cow testers by some of tho
J53 cow-testing associations In this
country not only have done satisfac
tory work, hut have achieved results
above the average, according to dairy
specialists of the United States depart
ment of agriculture.
The main reason why women havo
begun to do this work Is the scarcity
of cow testers. Most of the testers at
work when tho war begatf were young
men nnd many of them are now In
military service. Because of the short
ago of workers the past year has seen
the number of cow-testing associations
organizations of farmers who want
to keep records ot their herds de
creased from -172 to lift?, although there
has been an Increased demand for such
associations, and It is believed the num
ber could easily be doubled If enough
lusters were available. The work does
not require great physical strength. It
docs demand some training, but this Is
easily acquired by women.
Tho first woman cow tester in tho
United States, Miss Bessie Lipsltz, be
gan work less than three years ago
with a cow-testing association in Grant
county, AVIsconsln. Wisconsin now has
18 women cow testers, Iowa six, nnd
three other states havo one each.
Demonstrates at Dairy Show.
At tho national dairy show In Co
lumbus, 0., Miss ltuby Hawn, one of
tho women cow testers of Wisconsin,
gave dally demonstrations of the test
er's work that attracted considerable
attention and brought much favorable
comment. She explained the detallB of
tho work and demonstrated all parts
of It by going through each operation
precisely as she had done hundreds of
times before while at work In her asso
ciation in northern Wisconsin. She al
ways had attentive audiences and
proved that a woman can do the work
Just ns well ns a man. When asked If
women can handle tho feeding prob
lems as well ns men, she replied:
"They can learn."
Women to Stay In Work.
Considering that the testers get free
tioard and lodging, the pay is thought
to bo satisfactory. Tho women cow
testers are paid the same as the men
und receive from $50 to $75 a month
besides board and lodging. Convey
ance to the next farm Is furnished In
Homo associations, while in others tho
tester provides her own conveyanco
nnd tho farmers furnish free stable
room and feed for her horse.
Tho employment of women as cow
testers came as a war measure. To
keep tho work on n satisfactory basis,
women must continue to receive tho
samo pay as the men for the sumo
work.
How to obtain more testers is a se
rious problem. Partially disabled sol
diers, in somo cases, may bo Induced
to take tho necessary training und en
list for tho work. Tho most radical
step, however, nnd the ono that prom
ises tho most far-reaching and Imme
diate results, Is the employment of
women as cow testers.
To Make Smlthfleld Hams.
The hams are placed In a largo trny
of lino Liverpool salt, then tho flesh
surfaco is sprinkled with finely ground
crude saltpeter until tho hams aro as
white ns though covered by a moder-
WOMEN WORKING
r
Equipment Used In Her Work.
nto frost or, say, use three to four
pounds of the powdered sultpctcr to
the thousand pounds of green hams.
After applying the saltpeter, salt In
mediately with the Liverpool fine salt,
covering well the entire surface. Now
pack the hams In hulk, hut not In piles
more than three feet high. In ordl
nary weather the hams should remain
thus for three days.
Then hreak hulk and resalt with the
fine salt. Tho hams thus salted und
rcsalted should now remain In salt In
hulk one day for each and every pound
each ham weighs that Is, a ten-pound
ham should remain ten days, and In
like proportion of time for larger and
smaller sizes.
Next wash with tepid water until
the hams are thoroughly cleaned, and,
after partially drying, rub the entlro
surface with finely ground black pep
per. Now tho hams should be hung In
the smokehouse and tho Important op
eration of smoking begun. Tho smok
ing should be done very gradually and
slowly, lasting 30 to 40 days.
After the hams are cured aud smok
ed thoy should be re-peppered, to guard
against vermin, and then bagged.
These hams Improve with age und are
In perfection when one year old.
FEEDING RULES
A few simple guides for feed
ing may be summarized as fol
lows :
1. Under most circumstances
tho cow should be fed all the
roughage that she will eat up
clean, and the grain ration
should be adjusted to tho milk
production.
2. A grain mixture should bo
fed in tho proportion of ono
pound to each three pints or
pounds of milk produced dally
by the cow, except In the case
of a cow producing a flow of -10
pounds or more, when the ration
may be one pound to each three
and a half or four pounds of
milk. An oven better rule Is ono
pound of grain each day for ev
ery pound of butterfut that the
cow produces during the week.
3. Feed all tho cow will re
spond to In milk production.
When she begins to put on llesli,
cut down tho grain.
Roots Supply Succulence.
The chief function of roots in cattle
feeding Is to supply tt succulent feed.
Under general farm conditions the
quantity of nutrients grown per acre
In root crops Is small In comparison
to the cost of production. These root
crops-, however, can be preserved dur
ing the winter equally well whether
large or small quantities are fed each
day, and therefore huve special appli
cation when only n few cows are to bo
fed. Of the different root crops, man
gel wurzols furnish the greatest yield
per acre. Other kinds of beets and
turnips nnd carrots may be used. Tur
nips, however, should be fed after milk
ing rather than before, as they cause
a bad flavor before milking. Carrot?
impart a desiruble color to the milk.
Satisfy Cow's Appetite.
Tho problems Involved in winter
feeding are usually distinctly different
from those of summer feeding. Pus
turo (or green feed), usually the basis
of summer feeding, Is not available.
Broadly speaking, there aro two fac
tors Involved In this problem, first to
satisfy tho needs of the cow and, sec
ond, to suit the pocketbook. The cow
must havo an ample supply of feed
of a palatable nature, and this feed
must bo supplied at a price which will
permit u profit on Uio feeding opera
tion. Pormltllng tho hog to feed himself
does not havo tho drawbacks to which
such a system would be lloblo In tho
feeding of other kinds of animals, for
he does not gorge himself until he be
comes sick or loses his uppetlte.
gade from socialist principles and an Instrument of German nutocracy.
The fact that the working men and soldiers of Germany aro forming
councils In every city and district nnd Unit those councils aro taking com
mand of the local government Indicate to government olllclnls here that
ilermnny Is preparing to establish a social democracy In which tho funda
aiental governing power lies with tho local councils, und proceeds from them
to state and national councils which in turn will have power to control tho
idmlnlstrntlvo ofllclals.
Hasty review of Ebert's speeches during the last few years Indicates
that this Is the form of government to which he Is committed. In this It Is
;nld he has been opposed to Scheldemann, who has favored a constitutional
monarchy.
YANKS AND BRITONS TOGETHER
John Galsworthy, the English
novelist, believes that the peace and
welfare of the world largely depend
upon the Americans and British get
ting together. A good many other
people think tho same thing. Mr.
Galsworthy says in the Yale Itcview:
"Under the pressure of this war
there Is, beneath tho Hp service we
pay to democracy, a disposition to lose
faith in it because of Its undoubted
weakness and Inconvenience in a
struggle with states autocratically gov
erned; there Is even a sort of secret
reaction to autocracy.
"On those lines there Is no way
out of a future of bitter rivalries,
chicanery and wars, and tho probable
total failure of our civilization. The
only cure which I can see lies In
democratizing the whole world and
removing the present wenkness and
shnms of democracy by education of
the Individual conscience In every
country. Good-by to that chance If Americans and Britons fall foul of each
other, refuse to pool their thoughts and hopes and to keep the general welfare
of mankind In view. They have got to stand together, not in nggressivo and
jealous policies, but In defense aud championship of the self-helpful, self
governing, 'livo nnd let live' philosophy of life."
AMERICA MUST
nnd enlarge tho arrangements for foodstuffs to tho populations In Belgium
and France now being released.
The second portion of Mr. Hoover's mission Is to organlzo and determine
the need of foodstuffs of the liberated peoples in southern Europe the Czecho
slovaks, the Jugo-SIovaks, the Serbians, Roumanians and others. An ade
quate food supply will assist the governments set up to maintain order.
ADEQUATE MACHINERY FOR PEACE
Former President Taft Is the fore
most champion of tho League to En
force Pence.
"We don't have to argue for n
league to enforce peace now," lie says.
"The war developments recently havo
been of such n nature that tho con
gress of nations which will shortly
meet to agree upon peace terms will
have to create such n body In order to
seo that tho convention terms are
complied with.
"We know that wo havo got to
rearrange the map of Europe, nnd, in
bo far as it is practicable in that ar
rangement, to follow popular choice
of tho people "to be governed. But
such a flowing phrase will not settle
tho difficulty, and after tho congress
shall havo made tho decisions, sore
places will be left, local enmities will
arise, and If that permanent peare
which Justifies the war Is to be at
tained, tho world compact must Itsi l
contain tho machinery for settlement of such Inevitable disputes.
"Germany and Austria and Bulgaria nnd Turkey aro to Indemnify the
countries which they havo devastated. Commissions must bo created, Judicial
in their nalure, to pass upon tho amount of the Indemnity, and then an inter
national force must exist to levy execution."
Frledrlch Ebort, the new German
chancellor, was vice president of tho
German social democrats aud presi
dent of the main committee of the
rclchstag. Born nt Heidelberg In 1S71,
tho son of u tailor, k became a bar
nessmaker. Later ho was editor of n
socialist newspaper, and he has been
prominent in tho party councils for
tunny yenrs. He became a socialist
member of tho Bremen city council in
1000.
In 1012 ho was sent to tho rclchs
tag from Bremen. In 1013 he was
elected leader of tho party to succeed
August Bebol, who died.
During tho greater part of tho war
Kbert joined Scheldcmann and other
socialists, who supported tho war,
against tho small and persecuted fac
tion headed by Llebkneeht, who op
posed It, with the result that Kbert
has been looked upon by radical so
cialists all over the world as a rene
FEED STARVING
Tho name of Herbert noover,
American food administrator, Is a
household word among hundreds of
millions of people. It Is now to be
come even more widely known. For
It now looks as If tho United States
will havo to feed vanquished as well
as victors. And Herbert Hoover Is to
ho at tho head of tho work.
In keeping with our national repu
tation for high Ideals we must divide
our bread with the hungry, no mat
ter who the hungry may be. Much of
Europe Is reported to be facing actual
starvation. Besides, we must keep the
Germans allvo in order that they may
be able to pay the debts they owe to
civilization and humanity.
Mr. Hoover has gone to Europe as
America's special representative to
organize a system of food relief In
co-operation with the various gov
ernments concerned.
The first work will be to perfect
!
Regulars and Volunteers in an Extension
YEOMAN SERVICE
BY HOME AGENTS
States Relations Workers Do
Not Hesitate When Called
Upon for Help.
MAKE FIGHT ON INFLUENZA
Special Food Prepared by or Under
Their Direction for Sick Open
Hospitals and Supply Nurses
In North Carolina.
When tho Influenza epidemic made
it impossible to hold meetings of any
kind, the homo demonstration agents
all over tho country, in response to tho
call for trained, Intelligent help, went
to tho roscuo and havo been doing
yeoman service throughout tho fight to
gain the upper hand of tho "flu."
Knowledge of Foods.
Pnrtlculnrly vnlunble hns been these
women's knowledge of foods nnd diets.
Vnst quantities of broth, egg lemon
ades, custards and other good things
have been mado ready for tho sick by
tho energetic agents and workers. Of
much Importance In aiding to combat
any disease are nourishing and proper
foods.
Six hundred and sixteen pounds of
beef and chicken were, In a short time,
in tho kitchen of tho states relations
service of tho department of agricul
ture In Washington, turned Into broth.
Dozens of eggs nnd gallons of milk
went from tho samo kitchen to tho hos
pital in nourishing guises. Volunteers
nlded those on tho stuff.
Tho entlro chnrgo of the food sent
those 111 from tho Influenza from ono
of the emergency centers In Washing
ton, as well as tho feeding of tho doc
tors aud nurses there, was under the
direction of tho states relations service
kitchen.
Another particularly valuable kitch
en was ono established In Tampa, Fin.,
for the relieving of Influenza patients
there.
Splendid Work In North Carolina.
Agents In several counties, it Is re
ported from Balelgh, opened and oper
ated diet kitchens, co-operating with
tho Bed Cross In furnishing proper
nourishment to the sick, while agents
connected with the department of ag
riculture In other counties havo sup
plied hot broth cither directly to the
families of tho afflicted or by boy
scouts under Y. M. C. A. direction.
A homo demonstration agent for
Cabarrus county, North Carolina,
writes: "I came to Kunnapolls tlds
morning to turn our cannery building
Into n soup kitchen. It Is ideal for
tho purpose. There nro over 800 peo
ple absent from the mill today, which
will show you how our efforts are
needed. Tho Y. II. C. A. director Is
having our soup distributed by the boy
scouts, and we aro sending It out in
glass Jars, fitted into tho pnstcboard
boxes In which thoy wero bought.
This keeps tho soup hot."
Act as Emergency Nurses.
The centrnt district agent In North
Carolina Is nursing In tho emergency
ward nt tho Btnto Collogo of Agricul
ture and Engineering; the eastern dis
trict ngent bus been emergency nurse
for members of the extension service
sick in Wilson ; a spocinllst Is in charge
of tho diet at tho samo Institution and
Is In closo touch with tho local Bed
Cross chapter, which supplies many
forms of nourishment.
Emergency diet kitchens have been
established In tho domestic sclcmu
department In tho high school nt Ashe
vllle, and in tho courthouse at Whltc
vllle. Washington, N. O., also has a
kitchen operated by a home demon
stration county agent who reports:
"We keep open until far Into tho night,
and we have been able to fill n real
need."
Kitchen Preparing Food for the Sick.
rJ--V---V--V--V--(-i(-t-ir-
PLENTY OF FRESH AIR
18 HEALTH INSURANCE 3
i
Do not closo up the house the
io
first cold day. I
Tho best protection against Y
colds und influenza is plenty of &
fresh nlr.
Open nil the doors several
times a day and thoroughly air
the whole house.
Fresh nlr Is more quickly
heated than stale, hence It
eaves fuel as well as health to
have good ventilation.
All winter lcavo at least ono
screen In n window in each
room. Cover it with muslin
nu old flour sack is excellent
for this purpose. In this way
fresh air Is secured without a
draft and dirt is kept out.
Sleep at night with tho win
dows open. Tho body rcplnccs
tho waste of the day during tho
sleeping hours and plenty of ox
ygen is Us first aid.
I
i
i'
Cook Dried Fruit Proper Way.
Unless dried food is prepared in n
palatable fashion, families will tire of
it nnd it will be wasted. This will
react unfavorably on tho gardens for
next year and on tho drying campaign.
The main difference between dried
and fresh food lies In the proportion
of water they contain. Therefore tho
first step In preparation 1b to put back
water about equal In amount to that
lost (luring drying.
Ono reason why dried foods havo
been unpopular is that they so ofteu
havo been undersoaked and over
cooked. When tho tlmo of soaking is
long, and that of cooking short, tho
flavor will be more like that of fresh
food.
Shnpo and texture must ho con
sidered, tho more solid the article the
lonper tho time required for drying,,
and hence the longer the period of
Eoaklng required. After washing,
such foods should bo put Into three or
four times their bulk of water anil
left covered in a cool placo from throe
to forty-eight hours, according to their
substance. Should any Indication of
fermentation appear, they must he
scalded at once. Otherwise leave them
until they regain their original size
or lose most of the wrinkles In the
surface; then the time of cooking will
he but little longer than that needed
by tho samo fruit or vegetable fresh
from tho garden.
Tho water In which fruits have
soaked should be used to cook the
food. In case of high-flavored frultx,
like the apricot, more water may be
used for cooking and tlint in which if:
sonked will serve to give flavor to
tasteless apples or a gelatin dessert.
Buying New Equipment.
Is it easy to keep clean and will It
lessen labor nnd save your time'
These nro the two pertinent points
when buying new equipment.
Uecause nn urtlcle is widply adver
tised does not guarantee that it will
lie of practical uso to the housekeeper.
There nro so-cnlled labor-saving de
vices on tho market which add to the
time and labor because they arc com
plicated to operate and dlfllcuit to keep
clean. The economy of nny utensil or
tool Is that the housekeeper is ublc to
finish n task more quickly nnd easily
with it than without.
Tho department of agriculture ad
vocates that the necessity to conserve
fuels Indicates the wisdom of buying
ono of tho cooking devices for saving
fuel if such is not already Included In
tho equipment. These Include tho fire
less cooker, tho pressure cooker, com
partment steamer and the triple sauce
pans to fit over ono gas plate or oil.
burner.
A pint of boiled rlco added to eaHi
two quarts of mince meat, cooking
tho Ingredients thoroughly together,
will reduce tho quantity of meat re
quired aim proportionately the ex
pense. The product Is also equally delicious.