THE SEMt-WEEKLV TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
The Housewife and the War
Helping the Neat and Milk Supply
Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture,)
OYSTERS NOW IN SEASON-GOOD MEAT SUBSTITUTE.
(Special Information Servlco, United StMos Department of AKriculturo.r
KEEP NONE BUT PROFITABLE COWS.
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HEAD OF CANADIAN PACIFIC
HIE fflr.r
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Rubber Boots Needed
OYSTER NOW IS
i: VALUABLE FOOD
At His Best During Months
Which Contain Letter R
September to April.
UTILIZED IN VARIOUS WAYS
Shellfish Are Not on Banned List and
'Free Use Helps In, Saving Meat
Different Ways In Which They
May Bo Cooked.
The oyster, most popular of nil shell
flsh, Is ngnln admitted to a place on
the menu. During the summer his
popularity wanes, but with tho coming
of the fall lie Is again held In high
esteem.. According to popular belief,
the oyster is at his best during tho
months which contain the letter "R,"
or from September through April.
Naturally n clean and wholosomo
food, the state nnil federal govern
ments have made rigid restrictions In
connection with oyster farming to pre
vent any accidental contamination. At
the present time the gathering of
oysters nnd their distribution are car
ried on under sanitary conditions.
Valuable as Food.
Though the oyster has a high con
tent of water (In this resembling mlllc,
one of tho most Important of foods),
It Is nevertheless valuable for tho nu
tritive material it supplies and Is read
ily and well assimilated. It may be
utilized for food In many ways and has
n special value In that a moderate
quantity will Impart a good oyster
flavor to a considerable amount of oth
er food material and so make a very
palatable dish at moderate cost.
In the seaconst regions where they
grow, oysters nro eaten In largo quan
tities, nnd are much used In Inland
towns, because, unlike most fish food,
they can be shipped alive. Even n dis
trict so remote that It Is not easily
reached with live oysters can still have
them, for they are canned and shipped
In large quantities.
Oysters can be placed on tho list of,
meat substitutes, as they supply the
same kind of food to the body. They
may be served In many ways, raw,
stewed, broiled, baked, or fried. For
the present frying should he nvolded,
as the food administration has ad
vised conservation of fats. But this
should not bo a handicap, as there are
many attractive ways In which they
can be prepared.
Creamed Oysters.
Creamed oysters make very pala
table luncheon or supper dish.
1 pint oysters 2 cupfuls liquid foya-
2 tablespoonfuls fat ter liquor and
cupful flour mllkt
H teaspoonful salt
Vt teaspoonful pep
per Melt the butter nnd add tho flour,
salt, and pepper. Stir over the fire
until well mixed, being careful not to
brown. Add tho liquid gradually and
cook until thick nnd smooth. Add the
oysters and cook until the oysters nro
plump and tho edges begin to curl.
Serve on tonst.
If It Is desired to serve the dish on
some special occasion, the oysters mny
he served In patty shells. A little
chopped parsley sprinkled over the top
adds to tho attractiveness.
Oyster Scallop.
3 cupfuls cooked 1 tablespoonful
rice cornstarch
1 pint fresh oysters 1 tablespoonful f.at
1 cupful chopped 'i teaspoonful salt
celery U teaspoonful pep-
1 cupful milk per
Mnke a white sauce by melting the
fat, stirring In the cornstarch, salt and
pepper, then adding tho milk. Stir
over the fire until thickened. Arrange
In a baking dish nlternnto layers of
rice, oysters, celery, and white snuce
until the dish Is nearly full. Let a
layer of rice cover tho top. Bnko for
20 minutes In a moderate oven.
Oyster Potple.
1 pint oysters 'A cupful cold water
'J teaHpoonful salt 1 teaspoonful lemon
V4 teaspoonful pep- juice
per Biscuit dough
I tablespoonful
cornstarch
Put the oysters on to cook with snlt
nnd popper. Stir In the cornstarch
dissolved in the cold water and cook
cat vt-an -- -----
If JT 7
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A f
to Harvest This Crop.
until thick. Add the lemon Juice nnd
pour into u baking dish. Cut the bis
cuits and place them on top. Bnko
until tho biscuits are brown. The bis
cuits for the potple nro better if they
are very short. Bacon fat makes a
very tasty biscuit to bo used in this
way.
Oyster Fritters.
Drain one pint of oysters. Dip in a
fritter batter. Put n couple of table
spoonfuls of bacon fat Into frying pan.
When smoking hot, drop in tho oyster
and cook until brown on both sides.
This will take the placo of oysters
cooked in deep fat without using largo
quantities of fat.
Careful Storage Saves Vegetables.
Sweet potatoes may be kept until
January If cleaned, dried, nnd packed
In chaff so that they will not touch
one another.
Potatoes nro kept without difficulty
in a cool, dry, and dark place. Sprouts
should not bo allowed to grow In tho
spring.
Carrots, parsnips, and turnips, etc.,
remain plump and fresh if placed in
earth or sand-filled boxes on the cellar
floor.
Pumpkins and squnsh must bo thor
oughly ripo nnd mnture to keep well.
They should bo dried from time to
time with n cloth nnd kept, not on
the cellar floor, but on a shelf, and
well separated.
Cabbages should bo placed In bar
rels, with the roots uppermost.
Celery should bo neither trimmed
nor washed, but packed, heads up, In
long, deep boxes, which should then bo
filled with dry earth.
Tomatoes may be kept until January
if gathered just before frost, wiped
dry, and placed qn straw-covered racks
In tho cellar. They should be firm and
well-grown specimens, not yet begin
ning to turn. As they ripen they
mny be taken out for table use, nnd
any soft or decaying ones must bo re
moved. Apples, if for use during tho au
tumn, may be stored in barrels; but
If they nre to bo kept till late winter
or spring they must be of a variety
known to keep well nnd they must
bo hnnd-plcked ,nnd without blemish
or bruise. They should be wiped dry
and placed with little crowding on
shelves in the cellar. As n further
precaution they may be wrapped sepa
rately In soft paper.
Pears may be kept for a limited
time in tho same way, or packed In
sawdust or chaff, which absorbs tho
moisture thnt might otherwise cause
molding.
Oranges nnd lemons aro kept in the
same way. Wrapping In soft paper
is essential, as the uncovered skins if
bruised offer good feeding ground for
mold. Oranges may bo kept for a long
time in good condition if stored where
It is very cold but where freezing Is
not possible. Lemons nnd limes nre
often kept in brine, nn old-fashioned
household method.
Cranberries, after careful looking
over to remove soft ones, are placed
In a crock or firkin nnd covered with
water. A pinto or round board placed
on top nnd weighted serves to keep
tho berries, under water. Tho water
should bo changed once a month.
Careful Washing Saves Clothing.
Shortage of cotton for wearing ma
terial with Its consequent high price
has made the housewife take an un
usual interest in the' conservation of
garments.
Conservation In cotton cloth means
saving u war material ns well ns tho
money and labor necessary to replace
the garment. The original nppearanco
of nn nrtlclo made of colored mnterlal
mny be kept If due precautions aro
observed.
Buy cloth which has the color dyed
In the piece or dyed before weaving
rather than n printed pattern.
Set the color by soaking for at least
nn hour in salt water mnde in tho pro
portion of two tablespoonfuls of snlt
to a qunrt of water.
Avoid high temperatures, because
they make colored goods streaked.
Boiling, or Ironing with too hot un
Iron Is n cause of fading and streak
ing. Do not use strong soaps, as they
dull tho color and often the alkali in
them causes tho color to run.
Wash each garment separately and
thus avoid uny possibilities of dulling
or changing shade by mixing colors.
Dry in tho shade to avoid fading
action of direct sunlight.
nnd in fourteen u director. In 1010 ho wns mado vice president nnd gonernl
counsel.
"What tho 'cleft in his chin stands for, nobody knows," declared ono of his
Intimntes, when ho was vico president nnd general counsel, "but It Is a
strong chin. If the 0. P. It. runs over .your cow nnd you seek redress, don't
go to Ed Bentty about It Ho Is llnblo to provo to you thut you wo tho
C. P. It. money for stopping- the train. This is not becnuso Bcatty wouldn't
pay what he owes or refuse ,n man Justice, but becauso Bcatty is a lawyer
brim full of the queer nffectlon that marks every good O. P. It. man's rela
tions with his compnny. You might stcnl tho back tires from his nutomobilo
nnd henr him say nothing nbout It Touch tho remotest Interest of tho
0. P. R. nnd Ed Bentty will quit the best company tho best Montreal club
affords to attend to your case."
PUT 2,000,000
"' "'
On January 18, 1889, A. O. Dalton,
n youth who had always fancied a
military life, enlisted as n private in
tho United States nrmy. Recently, in
an offlco at 104 Broad street, New
York, this eamo A. O. Dalton some
what older, of course, but just ns full
of vigor nnd patriotism nnd with a
string of varicolored Bervlce ribbons
across his broad chest-r-was hailed by
a group pf military nnd civil nssocl
ates as Brigadier General Dalton, U.
S. A. Hundreds filed past his desk
to shako his hand. Tho room was
filled with flowers. Honors were
heaped upon him. For ho hud Just
received recognition, in his promotion,
of the fact that he had carried through
successfully one of tho most impor
tant jobs that has fullen to the lot of
any Amerlcun officer since wo got Into
tho war.
Brigadier General Dalton is the
man "who has been most responslblb
for the forwarding of hundreds of thousands millions, one might say of
soldiers to Franco from n certain American port which It Isn't necessary to
name because every one In America and Germany knows JUBt what port It Is.
DEAN GILDERSLEEVE'S BIG WORK
for a certain type of vocation mid doesn't know where to find tho bost train
ing course and tho numerous educationnl institutions which nro offerine
special studies in Just thesd vocations.
CHINA'S NEW
Hsu Shih Chang, former vico
president of the privy council, has
been elected president of the Chinese
republic by a largo majority, and re
cently was Inaugurated. He will not
rule without opposition, for the mili
tary government of southern China
has declared war on him already.
Hsu Shih Chang becamo proml
nent during tho latter days of the
Chinese monurchy. He wbh one of the
lending stntesrnen ,who conducted tho
negotiations preliminary to tho set
tlement of the relations between
Japan, Hussla and China ns tho re
sult of tho Ilusso-Jnpancao wnr.
When the constitutional govern
ment was established Hsu became
vico prime minister, and at one tlmo
was thought to bo in lino for tho post
of premier, In June, 1017, he wns
named dlctntor by u rebel conference
at Tien-Tsln. When nsunnn Tung
rellnaulshcd the role of imnimr in
the summer of 101T Hsu was appointed Ills guardian. It wus later suggested
thnt lie might replaco President Feng, nnd last month be was nominated for
the presidency by the generals of the Northern Chinese army.
Edward W. Bcatty, K. a, tho
now president of tho Canadlnn Pacific
Hallway company, Is n nntlvo of Cnn
nda, and is in his forty-first year. Ho
was born at Thorold, Ont., on Octo
ber 10, 1877, nnd tho W in his nnmo
stands for Wcntworth, tho nnmo of
tho county in which ho first saw tho
light
His parents wero Canadlnn. Ho
wont to Canndlnn schools tho Model
in Toronto, Upper Canada; narbord
Collcglato Institute, University of
Toronto nnd Osgoodo hall. His ex
perience was Canadian reading' law
in Toronto. And his success has been
entirely Canadian. Ho was callod to
tho bar In 1001, nnd ono month later
wns mndo nn assistant In tho law de
partment of tho Canadian Pacific rail
wny. In four yenrs ho wns assistant
solicitor. In nlno ho was general so
licitor. In twelve ho wns general
counsel. Tn fhlWnnn ha nnn n TT fl
MEN OVERSEAS
m.-h .,.,f
A war servlco In which Miss Vir
ginia C. Glldcrsleove, dean of Bar
nard college, has been n leading flguro
Is tho organization of tho clearing
house for wartime training for wom
en, which Is a department of tho
Council of Organizations for War
Service. Miss Glldersleevo is a mem
ber of tho general coramltteo of tho
council. When n lnrgo number of
women enmo to tho conclusion that
some wny must bo found to help be
wildered women putrlots to tho right
sort of war training Miss Gilder
sleevo was called upon to help solvo
tho problem, ner knowledge of edu
cational systems and her power of
organization proved invaluable in es
tablishing tho clearing, house.
In connection with tho work of
tho clearing house a pumphlet has
been published with tho hope that it
will servo as an Intermediary between
the woman who wnntu to flf hnmnif
PRESIDENT
Cull All but the Wage-Earning Cows From tho Herd,
FIND OUT WHAT
EACH COW GIVES
Fcods Aro Costly and Scarce, So
Don't Waste Them on Un
profitable Animals.
DISCARD AIL THE BOARDERS
Make Every Pound of Grain Produce
Maximum Amount of Milk Inten
sive Use of Scales and Bab
cock Test Favored.
A flro will not burn without fuel, nn
engine refuses to run without oil, nnd
a dynnmo bulks sans power. Tho
farmer who tried to winter his horso
without feed evidently is not convers
ant with theso facts. Ilonco tho horso
died. Similarly tho dairyman who
tries to produco a regular and genor
ous flow of mill: from n herd that Is
fed on a hlt-or-mlss, hand-to-mouth
stylo of ration, lives to learn. Thero
nro many unprotltublo dulry cows in
tho country today becauso farmers aro
wasting labor and feed in attempting
to transform low-producing cows Into
wngo-earners or becauso dairymen aro
underfeeding the productive nnd over
feeding tho shirker nulmuls In their
herds.
During tho period of tho war, with
grains In .limited supply nnd high
priced, tho maximum of caro should
bo exercised to prevent tho wnsto of
any of theso 7nluablo materials. Under
existent conditions all farm roughages
should bo utilized to tho fullest extent
consistent with economic production,
nowevcr, it is tho height of folly to
starve tho deserving dairy cows In or
der to save grain. Good cows must
bo fed and fed well. Every effort
should bo exerted to produco ns much
milk ns possible nnd still to maintain
tho cows in the pink of productive
condition. Feed tho profitable cows
to copnclty according to their produc
tion. Cull tho unprofitable cows from
the herd immediately. Tho manufac
ture of beef In tho dairy 'barn docs
not pay cveiv In vlow of tho high
prices which fat cows now bring for
butcher disposition.
Know What Each Cow Yields.
Every dairyman should know tho
dally production of cuch cow In his
herd. Such knowledge can bo gained
only by the Intensive uso of tho scales
and tho Bnheock test. This Is tho
era of the cow-testlng association, uh
such co-operatlvo work Is effectlvo in
tho detection of unprofitable cows as
well as In properly regulating tho
nmount of feed which should be sup
plied to each cow In the herd. Tho
records, of ono cow-testlng association
show that during a two-yenr period tho
cows which received 1,200 pounds of
concentrates yielded an nvcrngo In
come above tho cost of feed of $33 an
nnlmal, whilo tho cows which wore
fed between 1,200 nnd 1,800 poundH of
concentrntcs yielded nn income In ex
cess of feed co3ls of $42. The nnlmnls
which wero fed over 1,800 pounds of
concentrates earned a net of $fif5 a
head over feed cost. Tnese figures
Illustrate tho value of better cows
nnd better systems of feeding accord
ing to production.
Tho average of tho records of 40
cow-testlng associations shows a rapid
ndvanco In Income over cost of feed
ns tho quantities of jrruln fed In
creased. In this Instance the cost of
concentrates for the first lot of cows
was $7 apiece, while their income over
cost of feed was $5. Tho concentrates
for tho best lot of cows cost $.18, while
their net earning capacity was $118. In
a word, It would rcqulro n herd of 2.1
cows similar to those In tho first group
to produco as much income over cost
of feed ns wns produced by tho aver
age cow of tho Inst group.
A common fault which exists nmong
mnny dairymen who aro unfamiliar
with the value of cow-testlng work Is
that they fall to feed grain to their
dry cows while many of them do not
oven feed a balanced rntlon to the
best of their cows. When grain Is
fed it Is dished up with n scoop shovel
and nil tho cows nro fed nllke regurd
less of production. Under such u
method of management good cows nro
underfed whllo comparatively worth
less individuals nro parasitic on tho
profits of their moro Industrious mates.
Where such conditions exist It Is of
paramount linportnnco thut Uio fanner
locate and dlsposo of tho poor cows'
whllo ho should feed the remainder
according to production hi order thnf3
tho lncomo over cost of feed may bo
Increased.
Do Not Wasto Grain.
Much grain is wnstod by feeding It
to cows thnt do not respond to better
feed. Tho scoop 'shovel method of
feeding nil cows Is worthy of vigor
ous condemnation A study of cow
testing association rocorda demon
strates thnt good cows should always
bo fed well. Grain Is never so high
prlccd that It Is not profitable to feed
It to high-producing cows, tho price of
market milk nnd other conditions be
ing equal. On tho other hand, grain
Is never so cheap thnt it can bo fed
to low producers without much waste
and loss.
Two largo herds In n certain cow
testing association wero fed alike, both
being supplied with a comparatively
high grain ration. Ono herd responded
to tho liberal feeding whllo the other
did not. Tho nvcrngo lncomo per anli
mal over cost of feed for tho first herd
wns $75 whllo for tho second herd It
wns only 04 cents. Theso results strik
ingly demonstrate the vnluo of high
producing cows which nro well foil
nccordlng to production. Tho low
producing herd wus fed n high grain
ration regardless of milk yield ami
as u consequence much valuable grain
was wasted. Present conditions de
mand that nil such wastes should boj
eliminated by tho retention of none;
but high-producing cows in tho herd.'
Feed According to Production.
A enreful tnbulntlon of tho feed rec
ords of unother cow-testlng association
in which milk production and lncomo
over cost of feed wero high, rovcals
tho fact that tho cows wero liberally
but economically fed. Sllngo nnd le
guminous liny constituted tho ronsh)
ago portion of tho ration while the
grain wns fed nccordlng to known pro
duction of butterfnt. During tho win
ter theso cows received ono pound of
grain daily for each pound of butterfnt
which they produced a week, whllo
during tho summer when pasture was
short some supplementary grain was
nlso provided. During cold wentner,
tho cows consumed nn nvcrago of 3ft
pounds of sllago a day, whllo during:
tho summer piisturngo periods ench
cow received a total of 070 pounds of
soiling crops. Generous milk flow and!
a high butterfnt test wero tho results;
of tills liberal feeding. Tho average
butterfnt production of nil the cows
on test In thnt association was 20ft
pounds and the average income over
cost of feed was $J50 n yenr. By the
moro liberal use of soiling crops and
sllngo the cost of production could!
even huvo been lowered.
It is not only thopntriotlc duty of
every dnlry farmer to mako the most
of his grain but it is also moro money
in his pocket where he feeds his cows
according to production and capacity.
In England the laws now limit the
amount of grain which can be fed to
dairy cows and other clnsscs of live
stftck, nnd slmllnrly In this country
pntrlotic common sense nnd public
opinion should combine In effecting the
snmo end without nctunl recourse to
legnl asslstnnce. This menns thnt ev
ery pound of dairy feed should he
devoted to tho intcnslvo production of
milk. Keep good cows nnd feed them
well.
I GIVE LIBERAL RATION I
If dairy cows nro to bo fed
J for profitable production they
; must receive n liberal ration at
! all seasons. In summer pnsturo
; generally is depended upon, but
, often it must bo supplemented
J by soiling crops or sllngo, and
, sometimes by concentrates as
J well. For winter feeding, the
. rntlon usually 1b composed of
; hay, sllugo, and u mixture of
grains. In properly balancing
J tho ration tho gsaln mixture Is
compounded to fit the roughago
with due consideration for cost,
bulk, pulntnblllty, nnd physto
! logical effect upon the cow. For
! lcst results, cows must bo fed
, Individually, salted regularly.
and furnished with nil tho clenn
i wnter they will drink.