THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
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Helping the Meat and Milk Supply
The Housewife and the War
(8pcclnl Information Service, United 8tntca Department of Agriculture.)
GREEN TOMATO PICKLES WHICH ARE DIFFERENT.
Special Information Sorvlco, United States Department or Agriculture.)
SHEEP NEED WINTER CARE.
HERO OF REMARKABLE ESCAPE
People-ij
3a?-,. "ss.-?v f -T' , ' u v- j?" f '' i &,V"S'.,.w' iy v
Dryness, Light and Ventilation Are
Winter Sheep
WOOL AND MEAT
ARE WAR NEED
Principal Sheep Requirements
Are Dryness, Good Ventila
tion, and Sunlight.
WET GOATS FOSTER DISEASE
Protection From Winter Rainfalls and
Heavy Snowfalls Is Desirable
Freedom From Drafts Is Most
Important
Sheep supply two very- essential wur
needs meat and wool. During tho
winter they need special cure. Their
heavy cont will keep them wnrm pro
vided it Is dry, but If It becomes wet
tho animals will suffer from chills and
Rickness.
In any part of tho United States the
main essentials of sheep barns aro dry
ness and freedom from drafts. Un
less lambs aro to be dropped In cold
weather, no expense to provide warmth
Is necessary, as tho buildings should
seldom be closed. Protection from
winter rains and heavy snowfalls is
desirable, but tho best results may bo
expected when ewes aro allowed ac
cess to a dry bed in the open.
Warmth, Dryness and Light.
Slnco sheep do not require quarters
that are especially warm, a slnglo wall
will ordinarily Insuro sufficient
wurmth. If lumbs are dropped in very
cold weather, n temporary covering
over tho lambing panels will provide
warmth, or a small space can bo par
Jlttned of! in which to keep a few
7wes" nntll their lambs become strong.
Even in winter it is well to plan
ahead, and to keep In mind that next
.summer shado and protection from
hc'at aro peculiarly necessary for
sheep. Shade cannot always bo fur
ittBhed in pastures, and buildings that
aro well located and constructed so as
to render them cool in summer will
'often provide greater comfort to tho
Mheep during hot days than would be
possible for them out of doors.
Dryness and freedom from draft are
most important. Sheep cannot pos
sibly thrive In quarters tlmt aro damp
or dark. In fact, tho flock should bo
shut In only during storms. Abun
dance of light in all parts of tho build
ing and at all times Is necessary not
only for the health of the sheep but
for convenience of the shepherds In
caring for them. One square foot of
window for each 20 square feet of floor
Kpaco Is necessary. Windows should
he placed at a height to Insure a good
distribution of light, and particularly
to receive direct sunlight for tho lamb
ing pens (luring the period the ewes
arc lumblng.
Ventilation Is Essential.
Close confinement In poorly venti
lated pens is very Injurious to breed
ing ewes. While they should seldom
bo shut indoors, a part of the flnclc will
usually llo inside at night. At lamb
ing and during storms, doors should
ho closed. For such times it Is neces
sary to provide means of securing
fresh air without creating drafts. In
a very large building with numerous
doors and windows It Is often advis
able to build one or two partitions
from floor to celling to prevent drnfts.
Kresh air can ho admitted through
musl In-screened windows opened on
tho side opposite to that from which
tho wind Is blowing without causing
draffs If all other sides of the build
ings nre tightly closed.
Jn very cold sections, or where lambs
are to, arrive In the winter months,
speedily" arranged outlets for foul ale
?ind Inlets for frepli itlf will be notes
ftfry. FmiHifr fops should extend
from tin colling with as few bonds nfc
possible to the, roof. They should bo
yf, ku'lllciont 5lzo and number tt give
8 to, lu Square inches for onch sheep
in thi building. Fresh nlr may bo ad
mitted through arranged Inlets near
tho floor line. Some nttontlon is re
quired to adjust firtch Inlets to the va
riations in wind and temperature, and
the snmo hi trne where windows are
More Essential Than Warmth In the
Quarters.
depended upon. There Is no efllclent
automatic system of ventilating sheep
buildings, though some of the "wind
bnflles" which have been devised for
poultry houses might be adapted.'
Well-Drained Floors.
Level and well-drained clay-surfaced
floors aro satisfactory and economical
Sheep pack the surface very firmly,
and if thero is proper drainage the
only objection to this floor is that 11
does not exclude rats. Concrete floors
for alleys uiul feed rooms aro neces
sary, but will seldom bo called for la
tho pens.
Arrangement of Building.
Tho main features to be provided in
the floor plan aro minimum of wnsto
space, convenience and ease In feeding
and in cleaning tho pens, and cllin!nn
tlon of the need of moving or disturb
ing tho sheep. Pen partitions should
be movable. By using feed racks to
tr.ako divisions in tho pen space the
sizo of tho pens can he varied as
needed, and In special cases the racks
can bo removed to permit the use of
tho spneo for other stock.
Locating Sheep Buildings.
Tho site for permanent buildings for
sheep should first of all be dry and
well drained. Ample yard space that
Is dry and jSheltered should be avail
able adjacent to the main barn or shed.
A southern slopo with sandy soil Is
especially satisfactory for this purpose.
On most furms it will be advantage
ons to have the buildings and yards
easily reached from the regular pas
tures or from fields used to grow for
age crops for summer pasture. As tho
flock requires attention many times
dally during pnrt of the year, con
venience of location in relation to the
farm dwelling and to other buildings
will effect an economy of time In tho
porformanco of routluo lnbor.
BUY EWES IN FALL
Many farmers make a practice
of buying ewes In tho fall, breed
ing them and selling the lambs
tho following summer. Such
ewes can be curried through tho
winter on wheat and ryo fields
If not pastured too closely, or
on clover hay with some roots
and a little Unseed meal. If
tho clover hay is not available,
corn fodder may bo used as
roughage, In which case It
should always be supplemented
with bran or linseed meal.
Lambs should come early and
should he taught to cut as soon
as they are old enough. Glvo
lambs access to corn by provid
ing a creep through which they
can go without allowing tho
ewes to follow.
Feed Cows Legume Hay.
In co-operation with tho extension
department of Purdue university tho
United States department of agricul
ture lost year made an Investigation
of the cost of producing jnilk In Q
dairy herds In Sorter county, Jjjd, In,
that study It was foiind that when
other conditions were tho Same tho
dairymen who fed tho largest quantity
; of clover, alfalfa, and other legumo
hays used 88 per cent less grain with,
out lessening tlu production of their
cows. That Is, tho dairymen who fd
legumo hay obtained as much milk
from 02 pounds of grain as tho others
obtained from 100 pounds of grnln.
Such a saving Is certainly worth
v. bile. Patriotism demands Increased
production ; the high cost of living de
mands economical production ; both
those demands aro met when all our
good cows are kept, and when theli
pillk flow Is njuIntnJacd nt low cost.
Feeding Racks foe Sheep.
Combination hay and gruln racks
nre 'prOuiihly tho inost convenient for
feeding small lots of sheep. Tho ripen,,
end rack Is suitable, for uie In xtTns
where feeding can bo dAno by Tinsslng
directly from the feed alley to tho
rack, thus obviating, the difficulties
which follow from entering pons filled
with sheep. Some shepherds prefer a
rack with cloaed sides Instend of slats;
such n rack requires that the hay
bo eaten through nn opening at the
bottom.
Scrgt. Pilot B; T. Buckley of Chicago
whose parents Hvo In Kllbourne, 111., is
back In America after somo 20 months
of service In the grcnt war, topped off
with enpturo by the Huns and n re
mnrkablo escape from their prison
equips.
It was on January 2, 101G, that
Buckley, then fresh from the Universi
ty of Illinois, Joined tho Foreign Le
glou of Franco with the Intention qf
qualifying ns n flyer, After a thorough
course in a French aviation school ho
was assigned to Nungcsser's traveling
squadron, known ns Escndrlllo Spnd,
which corresponded to the German
traveling circus headed by tho late
Huron BIchthofen. Ho and his French
comrades, while attached to tho La
fayette Hying corps, had a roving com
mission which took them along the
western front, but It was In tho Ver
dun region that tho American volun
teer was to meet the biggest experi
ence of his life. On September 0 last year ho was brought down In a fight with
three German planes, one of which he crashed, llo was taken to a German
prison camp wounded. He was fed badly and treated with studied crucltj
becauso he was an American volunteer In the French army. He mado three
efforts to escape, but each tlmo was caught on the Swiss frontier or before ha
reached it. On the fourth occasion he also was stopped by a German sentry,
but ho gave battle with n pocket knife which a German had given him In tho
prison camp, laid out tho Bcntry, and mado his way back to bis squadron in
France.
IT m m .' ii in
LORD MILNER, WORKER
ycvaW &5
worker, nlthouch his own tnstes arc
was pre-eminently the first scholar of
men. includlnc Mr. Asoulth. were in
Tho mission of his life is to seo the
coherent, unalterably cohesive, so equipped with governmental power and
individual impulse that all great natural resources will bo developed for tho
nubile good. The public good 1 Those
mean defeat of Germnny, the rights of
NEW AMBASSADOR TO BRITAIN
When President Wilson selected
John W. Davis of West Virginia to
succeed Wnltcr Hines Pngo as ambas
sador to Great Britain thero was con
siderable surprise but not n single ad
verse criticism of the appointment.
The announcement was made Just as
Mr. Davis, who was then solicitor gen
eral of the United Slntes, arrived in
Switzerland to serve ns the head of
tho American delegation nt tho Berne
conference between American nnd Ger
man missions on the treatment and
exchnnge of prisoners of war.
Since he went to Washington sev
en years ago as a member of congress
from the First West Virginia district,
Mr. Davis has been nn active figure in
tho capital. Ho was elected to sueni-d
himself In tho house, but hardly had
begun his second torm when PreMd nt
AVllson appolnU-d him solicitor v. u
eral in August, 1018.
Mr. Davis Is forty-five years eld.
Beginning life as a lawyer In his heme
ntlng nt tho Washington nnd Lee university nnd the University of Virginia, he
became prominent In Democratic politics
lature before going to congress and was
convention of 11KM.
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ITALY'S WARRIOR PRINCE
ii a. a.w -. r .
down In submarines, stored wfrrfilpir, sailed boats, shot at wild hoans ami
ridden cavnlry horses. Rut tho things he iB'pVoudoHt of nre his trips at tho
front, for he has been thero not once, litlt mny times.
At the front young HunuVrt woilt practically everywhere, mado frlond
with the soldiers, wan pttod b them In return und all In all hud u fine time.
h
On tho one occasion It wns but n
few weeks ngo when Lord Mllncr has
submitted to an interview, I had gono
to him greatly impressed by tho high
privilege granted mo, and, somehow,
expected pomcthlng rather formidable,
Edward Marshall writes In London An
swers. I found nothing of tho sort, but
a tall man, very npproachnble, very
humnn, ready to answer "leading ques
tions" If he thought replies to them
would further International under
standing. That is tho Impression which ho
makes that of tho very highest typc
of public servant. In tho best sense
of tho word, his governmental work all
has been service that of u man caring
very little, if anything at all, for place
and power, but above all things to be
of value to the empire, no never has
conceded anything to case; his close
associates declaro ho never thinks
libout himself. His heart Is with tho
indicated by tho fact that nt Oxford ho
his class, despite the fact tlint brilliant
opposition.
British empire knit in truo democracy,
three words aro ins crccu. jnow tnoy
all the allies.
town of Clarksburg, W. Va., after gsndu
and served In tho West Virginia legls
a delegate to the Democratic uatlonal
The voumrest bov olllclnll.v fight
lncr at tile front with tho allies Is tho
fourteen-year-old Prince Umberto of
Ituly.
As long ago as 1010, when he was"
only twelve, the prlnclpo dl Piedmont
was a familiar figure at the Italian
army headquarters, hut he was thero
then only us u privileged. YJfitor, wncji
Italy was ttivsued, hnwever, tho dcslro
o? the heir to the throne to Join the
colors could no longer be refused.
While he has not been permitted
to run Into great danger, ho lfe tfeclng
nctual military service and H experi
encing many phases of th vnr at first
hand.
Iluinberl Nichols Thomas Jean
Marie to give him his full name In
KngUah is tho vmly son of King Vic
tor Kinmanue Ho Is head of the
Young Kxpldrt-rH of Italy, a body that
correspond to tho hoy scouts In
a ... ..li. IT., linu imnn 111) III llIri)lnnC8.
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Making Appetizers
GREEN TOMATOES
MAY BE PICKLED
Relishes, Pickles or Chowchow
Give Zest to Otherwise
Flat-Tasting Meal.
MAKE MEAL APPETIZING ONE
Play an Important Part Right Now
When Americans Are Endeavoring
to Use Various Meat Substi
tutes Some Recipes.
Pickles hnvo their own peculiar
place in tho menu, nlthough they pos
sess llttlo food value. Thoy stimulate
tho nppctlto and especially now, when
Americans aro endeavoring to uso und
like the various meat substitute dishes
In place of tho steaks nud roasts of
other days, play nn Important part In
making tho meal nn appetizing one.
Tho following recipes aro offered for
tho benefit of thoso who hnvo nn nbuu-
dnnco of green tomatoes from garden
or market in tho into fall when they
mnst bo saved from destruction by
frost. In all cases an effort has been
mado to uso corn sirups instend of
sugar ns far as posslblo in pickles Tho
darker and less expansive sirups may
be liked equally well.
Qreen Tomato Pickles.
1 peck green to ma- y, pound sirup
toos 3 tablespoonfuls
2 pounds onions lurmerlo
U to Pint salt 1 tablespoonful
3 quarts vinegar ground cinnamon
1 pound sugar, or 1 tablespoonful
pound sugar and ground allspice
2 tablespoonfuls 1 tablespoonful
curry powder mustard
Chop and sllco tho tomatoes and
onions nnd sprinkle with the salt und
lot them stand overnight In tho morn
ing drain off tho liquid nnd put tho
tomntoes and onions In n preserving
kettle with a quart of tho vinegar nnd
n quart of water. Let tho mixture boll
for five minutes and then drain. To
the drnlned tomatoes nnd onion add
the spices, sugar and two quarts of
vinegar and then boll for lfi minutes
counting from tho time they begin to
bubble. Put In Jars wldch havo been
thoroughly scalded In hot wutor and
seal.
One peck of tomatoes should make
between three and four quarts of pick
les. If smaller amounts aro desired, uso
2 pounds tomntoes 2 ounces (4 tnblo
2 onions ('A pound)) spoonfuls) sugar
Vi ounce suit (1 ta- or sirup
blcFpoonful)
1 tenspoonful
M pint vinegar
Vi tenspoonful cur
ry powdor
teaspoonful
ground cinnamon
Vj tenspoonful
ground nlbplco
',4 teaspoonful mus
tard turmeric
This should make one pint of plcklo
when cooked.
The spices used must bo of good
quality; buy only tho best, especially
with mustard nnd curry, for nn In
ferior grndo of either mny easily cuusc
tho rcclpo to be pronounced worthless.
Cardamom mny be used Instead of cur
ry, for it is ono of tho common ingredi
ents of curry. Corn sirup Is u fulr
substitute for sugar. Brown augur is
usually liked oven better than wlilld.
Plccnlllll or qrwa Tomato Rcllkli,
2 quarts green to- 3 largo fittcUmbers
inn toys
V ounce black nil's
M good sized cab-
turd so
punco fjelcry seed
vi, $Vn.eo whole
"cl6ves
tenspoonful
turmeric powder
i cupful eult
s cupful siiKar or
sirup; vinegar to
4 TaTge or S (small
tmlont
2 red ptpporn
1 green fi&ppor
3 laxBo ulll pickles
tr
ttwOUncr white mus-
'AWIKT Will
Yard seed
covtjr
Chop the vegetables fine; udJ the
cloves tied In u small piece of clotli,
nndWher spices ; cover with one-fourth
cupful of salt and lot stand overnight
h) bowl or other onfthenwaro dish.
f Drain off the salt in the mornlnft, and
mid sugar and enough vinegar v cover.
(Mix the vinegar with one-third or one
fourth Hh own measure of Vvnter If tho
dinrpneKH of a strong vhiegar Is ob
lectlonable.) Cook the 'mixture until
tender, stirring occasionally to keep
rom burning. If the brown sugar Is
lot procurable, Unltrito Its flavor by
4 '
t 1
j-.ii -igwjMj
for Restricted Diets.
using grnnulntcd sugar or corn sirup,
and one tenspoonful (or more) of cara
mel. To make a caramel sirup which may
bo bottled. and kept for future uso:
Brown one-fourth cupful granulated
sugar In a smooth Iron skillet, stirring
constantly until it begins to turn black.
Add one-fourth cupful boiling water,
stir until nil the sugar Is dissolved
and a smooth, dark, thin sirup Is ob
tained, with a somewhat bitter taste.
Chowchow.
2 quarts chopped tcactipful wlitto
Krocti tomatoos mustard oood
8 plntB chopped cab- 1 cupful urutuil
bngo liorso-rndlsh
1 pint chopped (very 1 cupful sugar and 1
flno) onions nnd cu. ftil sirup
Greon poppers cupful celory
4 tcacupful dry seed
mustard
Add ono cup of Bait to each gallon of
tomatoes und cnbbago nnd let Btuud
overnight. In tho morning squccxo
dry, stir In all tho other Ingredients,
nnd cover with cold vlncgnr. Ono cup
of olive or other oil may bo added to
ono quart of chowchow if desired.
Spices may be varied according to
plcnsuro nnd convenience.
Dolled Chowchow. '
Mnke the chowchow nccordlng to tho
nbovo rcclpo and boll for 115 minutes.
Qreen Tomato and Artichoke Chow
chow. Follow tho abovo rcclpo using equal
parts of tomatoes nnd Jerusalem arti
choke tubers (not cooked), cut into
small dice.
Sweet Spiced Green Tomato Relish.
3 pounds Krcon to- teaspoonful cloves
tnatocs (scant)
2 oranges teaspoonful mus
1 quart wator tard (scant)
1 cupful ougnr and 3 amali Chill pep-
1 cupful sirup pera
1 cuptuls vinegar 'A toasponnful black
1 lomon mustard seed
teaspoonful 4 teaspoonful whlto
turmorla mustard seed
H teaspoonful curry 1-8 teaspoonful car
powder dnmom seed
H teaspoonful cln- Vi teaspoonful pap
namon rlka ,
1 toaspoonfuls salt
Out tomntoes Into smnll pieces, grind
finely tho ornngo peel, ndd ono qunrt
of water nnd cook until tomntoes nr
tender. Add pulp of two oranges, und
finely shredded peel of one-fourth or
ange, and other ingredients. Cook for
ubout ono hour. If desired, spices mny
bo varied turmeric, curry powdor and
cardamom may be omitted nnd onc-hnlf;
tenspoonful ginger used Instead, or a.
llttlo grated horse-radish maybosubstl
tltuted. (Yield of recipe, 8 glasses,
holding one-third pint each.)
Note It Is desirable to make tomato
Jelly and this relish on tho same day,
as the pulp left from tho Jelly may be
used In tho relish Instead of buying
additional tomatoes and ornngo peel.
Particularly Is this the case If tho bag
Is not squeezed much In draining off tho
Juice for Jelly-making; the pulp which
rcmulns should not bo wasted.
Food Value of Nuts.
In connection with tho campaign for
gathering nut shells for gas masks, It
should be borno In mind that nuts nro
among tho richest nnd most wholcsomo
of our foods. Wherever posslblo tho
kernels of the natlvo nuts shuuld bo
added to tho homo supply of foods.
The hard shells, not tho husks, of
black walnuts, butternuts, hickory
nuts, Porslnu (English) walnuts, Jnp
nnoso wulnuts nud tho seeds of hucIi
fruits ns ponchos, plums, prunes, uprl
cots nnd olives are exceedingly useful
In tho jnaklng of carbon for gas muHktt,
Tho fchell" of pecans and nlmonds cniu
hot be used. j
Seven pounds at hard nut shells, or
two hundred peach pits, will mako
enough enrbon for ono gaB mask.
Thousands of tons of coconut shells
nnd shells of cohunc nuts from tropical'
America, and carloads of fruit pit
from tho Pnclflc const nw teln USP(1'
Still the supply Ih not bufllclent,
Nuts which fcnnnot rcaOlty bo
cracked, those which hnvo become stale
with ago, or those which have failed
to uovolop plump Kernels should bo
turned over to Kho Bed Cross. Blade
walnuts and butternuts which aro not
to be cracked may ho sent In without
removing tho outer husk. Arrange
ments for gathering and shipping nutw;
nut shells and fruit pits can bo made
through the local Bed Cross. I
In cleaning windows, first rorrovo
illtt with hot, soapy water, then 'vine
the panon with n paraffin cloth nud
polish with a pleco of paper.