THE 8EMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
POULTRY
ANOTHER WORLD'S RECORD FOR BUTTER :
PRODUCTION BROKEN BY HOLSTEIN COW
SUITABLE SHELTER FOR HENS
'House of AnnroDrlate Size.
With
Nests, Roosts and Feeding Appll
, ances Is Needed.
Prcpared by tho United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Every flock of hens needs n sultnblo
shelter n coop or house of appropri
ate Blze, furnished with roosts, nests
and nppllancc3 for feeding and water
ing. A flock that is to bo used for
breeding should also have a yard where
the birds can exercise on the ground
nnd In tho open air. Hens kept only
lor eggs for tho table may be confined
to their house continuously for as long
time as ordinary hens are profitable
layers. It is better to give them an
outdoor run, but when space Is limited
It can bo dispensed with.
Small flocks need a Uttlo more floor
paco per bird than large flocks, and
thirds confined constantly to the house
should have a lltflo more floor space
jicr bird than others. A coop for six
hens should allow Ave or sir square
icct of floor space for each; a house
for twenty to thirty hens, three or four
square feet to each. Yards are usu
ally planned to give not less than 20
square feet of land per hen.
Small coops which can be eleuned
without entering them may be built
only three or four feet high. This
lielght Is most comfortable for the
3iens. Coops for flocks of more than
six or eight birds must be of such
iheight that a grown person can move
about in them. In a low coop tho same
opening will answer for door nnd win
dow. In high coops with larger wall
A Boy's Backyard Poultry House, Buill
by Himself.
surfaces a full-sized door and one 01
anore windows are needed.
Boosts are commonly made of small
cantllng or nnrrow strips of board.
-about eight or ten Inches length ol
roost being allowed to each fowl. In
mall, low coops tho roosts should be
placed about twelve to fifteen lnche
from the floor. In larger coops wide
boards, to catch the droppings of the
birds, are generally used under the
Toosts, the droppings board being from
twenty to thirty inches from tlie flooi
-nd the roost a few Inches above the,
droppings board.
The simplest form of nest Is a boi
4i Uttlo over a foot square and not less
than flvo or six Inches deep. When
space is limited the nests should be at-
inched to the wall, the bottom of the
nest being n foot or more from the
-floor. For flocks of flvo or six hena
two nests are needed; for larger flocks
one nest for each four or five liens.
The feeding utensils required are
Hoppers for dry mash, trough lor ta-
bio scraps or moist mash, small lirip-
Icrs for shell and grit, and drinking
'pans or fountains. For flocks contain
ing not more than 30 birds one of each
kind of utensil, If of appropriate size,
is enough.
FAVOR SPREAD OF DISEASES
Damp, Poor Ventilated Quarters En
courage Such Ailments as
Roup.
(Prepared by tho United States Depart
ment of Airrleultiirnl
Cold, damp, poorly lighted and ven
illnted poultry quarters favor the
spread of such diseases as roup. Such
contagious diseases as these are dim
cult and sometimes impossible to con
trol unless given attention in tho early
stages, whenever preventative mens
ures fall, separato e2ck birds from the
flock as soon as thero Is evidence ol
disease, and then consult expert advice
to effect a cure.
1
JvlANY ERRORS OF BEGINNERS
Difficult Problems Will Be Presented
Before Success in Any Large
Degree Is Attained.
Prepared by the United States Depart
mont of Agriculture)
Beginners in tho poultry business
wllK probably make many mistakes nnd
difficult problems will ho presented for
solution boforc success In any large
measure will bo attained. As soon ns
It Is found to be a paying Investment,
more capital may bo put inta the plant,
Turkey Raising on Farm.
Turkey raising, ns ordinarily en-
gaged In, is n sldo line upon the gen
oral farm. For those persons who nro
favorably situated for raising tur
keys, a more profitable tilde lino can
hardly be found. Plenty of rango Is
essential to success.
Bronze Most Popular.
1 Tho most widely kuown turkey Is
the Bronze, after which come tho
"White Ilollnnd, tho Bourbon Bed, the
Black, the Narragansett nnd tho
fUutc.
FAIRVIEW KORNDYKE MATA.
Becords for butter production nre
being broken thick nnd fast by Hoi-
stein cows these days. Falrvlew Korn-
dyko Mnta has Just broken the world's
record by producing In 80 days the
enormous amount of 185.31 pounds qf
butter from 8,210 pounds of milk nn
average of 0.17 pounds per day for 60
days.
Tho best previous record was lielu
by the purebred Holstcln cow, Ormsby
Jano Segls Anggle, with 183.11 pounds
In 30 days to her credit.
Falrvlew Korndykc Mnta recently
completed a seven-dny test, winning
FARM LABOR IS BIG
PROBLEM THIS YEAR
War Emergency Calls for Great
est Efforts to Produce Food.
Both Country and City People Must
Sacrifice Comfort to Furnish Pow
r to Cultivate and Harvest
Necessary Crops.
(Prepared by tho United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
In n statement Issued by Clarence
Ousley, nsslstant secretary of agricul
ture, attention Is called to tho fact
that both country and city people must
sncrlflco something of their comfort to
furnish the necessary mnn power to
cultivate and harvest crops necessary
this year to carry on tho war. That
part of the statement which deals di
rectly with farm labor and whnt the
department of ngrlculturo is doing to
solve the problem, follows
The principal difficulty In farming
operations for 1018 Is the problem of
labor. That is serious, but it Is not
insuperable. The department of ngrl
culture has farm-labor offices In nearly
all of the stntes working In co-opera
tion with tho agricultural colleges,
tho county agents and other state ac
tlvltles, and tho department of labor
has employment offices in nearly all
the centers of population. These two
departments together nre enabled to 1
contribute much to the solution of tho
problem by furnishing Information and
by shifting labor from neighborhood
to neighborhood ns the seasonal de
mand passes, and generally by bring
ing together tho laborer and tho em
ployer. But when all has been done
that mny be done by "these depart
ments or by any other governmental
agency, much will remain to bo done by
tho stntes and communities,, especial
ly by the cities, for there Is not enough
lubor seeking employment to supply
the farms for cultivation nnd harvest
ing. For years tho cities with their
great fortunes und bright lights have
been drawing young men from the
farms. The war has merely precipi
tated a drift that sooner or later would
have caused more or less of a food
crisis. In peaco times that is n mat
ter that might well be left to readjust
Itself through such reduced produc
tion and consequent high prices as
would mako farming more profltnblo
and attract men to tho industry. But
In the war emergency wo must have
food at all costs, and since there Is no
way of getting It without lnbor, nnd
slnco lnbor Is lacking, tho cities must
sacrifice something and harvest the
' crops. In many towns and cities last
year the business men closed their es
tablishments or spared numbers of
their employees to help the farmers.
In a few places already business men
are taking surveys and nre moklng
pledges to furnish lnbor which has
farm experience, to the adjoining com
munities ns may bo needed. Tho same
methods must bo put into practice in
every town nnd city ndjacont to a
farming region. The men of tho cities
must bo brought to understand the
vital Importance of agriculture. Many
of them havo sneered at It or have re-'
garded It with Indifference. Now they
must lend It much of their thought nnd
their effort. They should understand
i that tho United States Is going to
furnish food to tho armies and tho
civil population behind them, and they
mny depend upon it that tho farmers
will feed themselves. It behooves tho
cities therefore to take somo thought
of their own sustonnn& by readjusting
their activities. Thero is hardly a bus
iness or an Industry in tho United
States that cannot spnre, temporarily
for tho cultivation nnd harvesting Bea
cons a considerable pf-.rt of Its man
power, or even close, say, for tbrpo to
fifteen days during tho period as th
laurels as the twenty-third nolstcln
to Join tho list of 40-pound cows with
the production of 40.71 pounds of but
ter In tho week tho second highest
record for tho week. Her test was
continued for the month with the re
sult that she Is now one of the world's
record holders. Her sire is Pontine
Korndyko; her dam Is Princess Mata
dor. She Is owned by Oliver Cabana,
Jr., of Elma Center, N. T.
Fnlrvlow Korndyko Mnta Is six
years nnd six months old, so she has
many more years of usefulness ahead
of her. '
local need appears. In mnny cases
women can tuko tho places of men for
tho lighter commercial and industrial
tasks so that tho men who have farm
experience may be available for farm
needs. In mnny enses women can do
light work on the farm, such as dairy
ing, cultivating vegetables and gather
ing fruit. Tho details must he work
ed out by each community. It Is not
possible to devise n general system, be
cause conditions vary on every farm
and in each neighborhood.
In many of the Industrial centers
wages are so high that n large nuril
ber of men are content to work only
a part of the time. Either by public
sentiment or Industrial regulations If
need be by vagrancy laws thero must
be a full utilization of man power. It
Is not possible for the national govern
ment tQ compel or even to direct such
readjustments. There is not wisdom
enough in this congress ,or In nny con
gress that could be assembled to solvo
all theso local and reglonnl problems.
States, communities and Individuals of
Influence must take responsibility.
Washington cannot creato labor and
should not compel employment. Lo
cal initiative nnd local responsibility
must bo exercised to the fullest ex
tent.
The farmers will do their full duty
In planting. The governmental agen
cies will do all that they can do and
wo may reasonably expect a normal
season; If tho people of the commu
nltlcs, especially of the cities, will
assumo their part of tho burden, thero
need bo no doubt of tho result, but If
the cities persist In plunging for profit
nnd in enjoying their ease, expecting
the government and the farmers to
work miracles, then tlioso who aro
neither fighters nor producers may,
suffer somo privation.
CIVILIANS AID HARVEST 2
-e
If soldiers nre willing to serve
In tho trenches, to dig ditches,
build railroads and risk their
lives, many civilians can well nf
ford to spare a part of their
time to serve in the -furrows and
In tho harvest fields. Secretary
of Agriculture.
e
a
VV0RK GARDENS ALL SUMMER
Plan to Have Succession of Crops ad
Many Plantings May Be Ma
tured Before Autumn.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment or Agriculture.)
Garden planting should not stop
when tho seed and plnnts are set out
In tho ground, but other crops should
uo painted curing tho summer as
mnny plantings ns enn bo matured be-
tore tno Killing frosts In the fall so
as to hnvo a succession of vegetables.
Tho gardener who Is content with
but ono crop does not get the maximum
benefit from his lnnd nnd lnbor.
Tho gardener who Is uncertain as to
when Jack Frost Is likely to appear In
the fall, and as to how far In ndvnnco
of his appearance the Inst crops should
bo planted, can find Information on
these points In "The Farm Garden In
tho North," Fnrmers' Bulletin 037, Is
sued for free distribution by tho Unit
ed States department of agriculture.
This bulletin, which Is offered to city
gardeners as well as to those In tho
country nnd which contnlns Informa
tion of equal value to both, has a zono
mnp of tho United States based on tho
averago dates of tho first killing frost
In autumn. By referring to tho map,
tho approximate latest safe dato for
planting nny crop In any of tho vnrl
ous zones may bo determined. Tho
bulletin also contains a tablo giving
tho latest safe dates for planting vegc-
tablo seeds In tho open In tho North
ern states and telling tho period nec
essary for maturity of tho vnrloua
crops.
"STARTERS" TO RIPEN CREAM
Technical Work Should Not Be Un
dertaken Unless Butter Is Made
on Commercial Scale.
(Prepared by tho United Btatcs Depart
mcnt of Agriculture)
In creameries it Is ciiRtomnry to con
trol to some extent tho ripening of
cream by means of "starters," which
are pure cultures of luctlc-ncld-produe-
lug bacteria grown In pasteurized
milk. Tho making of starters is tech
nical work thnt sltould not be under
taken unless butter Is mndo on n com
mercial scale. If the milk and cream
nro produced under proper conditions,
there Is no need for using stnrters. If
handled under those oondltlotis nnd
protected from contamination, cream
will develop tho desired flavor when
nllowed to ripen or sour naturally at
tho proper temperatures.
When butter Is made on a commer
cial scale, It mny bo advisable to con
trol the ripening und thus make a
product that Is more uniform from
week to week.
Commercial cultures for starter mak
ing mny bo obtained from culturo man
ufacturers nnd from dairy supply
houses. Directions for using accom
pany each package nnd should bo fol
lowed carefully.
A natural or homemade starter may
bo made as follows :
1. Clean thoroughly and boll for flvo
mlnurvs three pint fruit Jars and tops.
After boiling keep the Jars covered to
prevent the entrance of bacteria.
2. Take a pint snmple of milk
freshly drawn from ench of three cows,
place In the Jars, cover, cool to 75 de
grees Fahrenheit, and keep nt that
temperature until curdling occurs.
. uunmng, or coagulation, suouiu
take place In nbout 24 hours. An Ideal
curd should bo firm, smooth, marble
like, free from holes or gas bubbles,
and should show little or no separa
tion of the whey. It should havo a
clean, sharp, sour or acid flavor.
4. Select the sample that most close
ly meets those conditions and propa-
cate it. discarding tho others. Tho
selected sample Is propagated as fol
lows: (a) Clean thoroughly and boll for
five minutes a qunrt Jar, the top, and
a teaspoon.
(h) Fill the Jar with freshly drawn
milk, cover loosely, heat slowly to boil
ing, nnd pasteurize by boiling gently
tor au minutes.
(c) Cool tho milk to 75 degrees Fah
renheit nnd add a teaspoonful of cur
dled milk described In section 8 nnd
set away to curdle nt thnt tempera
ture.
(d) Propngate tho starter from dny
to day In tho same manner described
In n, b nnd c. Tho starter de
scribed In c Is tho ono to uso for
ripening tho crenm, and should bo add
ed In such quantities ns to bo one-
tenth to one-fifth of tho cream to bo
.churned.
MILK STERILIZER IS FAV0REQ
Cheap and Effective Device That Haa
Important Bearing on High
Grade Product.
(Prepared by tlio United States Depart
ment or Agriculture.)
The simple stenm sterilizer for dairy
utenslts developed by the United
States department of agriculture la
meeting with great favor from munici
pal mllkand health authorities. The
device has been demonstrated by the
health authorities In 172 cities nnd 00
officials havo written to tho -tlopnrt-
Homemade Sterilizer.
ment pruning the value of the devlc
in improving me lociu mine supply.
Thlrt' seven health olllcers report that
the device Is bolng rundo locally fot
use by dairymen. Several dairy milk
Inspectors stated positively that the
local milk supply hns been Improved
through the Introduction, of this do
vice. During tho past fioasoii tho
sterilizer was demonstrated to more
than 0,000 farmers und was mndo tho
subject of n "campaign In favor ol
clean milk utensils thnt reached thou
sands of dairy fnrmors, Twenty-six
of tho stnto agricultural colleges se
cured devices to demonstrate to their
chort-courso students. Tho device la
now being made commercially and can
bo purchased complcto with oil stove
for $8.G0; or tho sterilizer portion
nlone, which provides nppnratus for
sterilizing pans, palls, separator parts,
small utensils nnd strainer cloth, can
bo purchased for $5.f0. Directions for
making tho homo sterilizer nro given
In Farmer's Bulletin 748, which will
be sent frco on application to tho de
partment.
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Activities of Entire World Centered
on This Country and Interest
Expected to Continue.
"Very few pcoplo rcnllzo thaf tho
scientific nctlvltles of tho world aro
centering in the United States, and
thnt they will doubtless contlnuo to
do so If material means bo given to
keep up tho work," snld Father Charles
B. Moullnlor, regent of the Marquette
university school of medicine, In n ro
cent interview In the Marquette Trib
une. "South America, for" lnstnnce, Is
now looking to ui for sclchtlflc lead
ership. China and Japan are onco
more turning to us. Great attention
Is being paid to mcdlclno in South
I. America, Buenos Aires nlono having a
medical school with B.000 students.
"Tho WIstnr Institute of anatomy, In
Philadelphia, Is one of tho most de
clslvo factors In turning tho attention
of tho scientific world to tho United
Stntes. This Institute has an endow
ment which makes It possible to glvo
largo servico to mankind. Just now It
IB printing copious translated extracts
from the medical journals published
nnd sending them to Chnn und Japan.
Duplicates of tho Journals aro also
dent to South America.
"A great deal of research work Is
being done by this school In tho direc
tion of discovering dyes. Certain
chemical dyes, formerly produced only
by Gruebler of Germany, nro required
In technical work. Wlstar Is now,pro-
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"It may he Interesting to know thnt
much of this research work has been
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pleasure nnd experimented In his prl
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him Immediately called him to the in
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Alwavi nroud to how white clothes,
Red Cross Hall Blue doci mako them
whits. All grocer. Adv.
"Conscription of Wealth."
It Is the slinplo fact, so thinks tho
Monetary Times of Toronto, thut tho
Idea of conscription or confisentfon of
wealth must bo abandoned upon this
continent. "Tho great need of tho
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during tho run consumed three crates
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THE EYDtTlCHT NSTMI K1NQ CCHfAllT
fctutnutr. ST.L0OS.no.
W. N. U OMAHA, NO. 25.-1018,
WW
v
