THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA.
(RAISE LEGHORN
FOR FAMILY USE
Meat Possibilities of Fowl Have
Been Neglected by Most
Poultry Breeders.
AVERAGE BIRD IS TOO SMALL
It Would Bo Profitable for Poultry
Raisers to Give More Attention to
Theso Egg Producers Make
Splendid Broilers.
Prepared by tho United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The Leghorn fowl owes Its popu
larity bo lnrgely to Its cgg-produclng
capacity that the meat possibilities of
the breed have been neglected by moat
Leghorn breeders. Such failure to rec
ognize tho potential food value of
hlrds kept to produce a special food
product may have been excusable un
ler prewar conditions, but In the pres
ent need of utilizing to the full every
capacity of every food-producing nnl
mnl, breeders of Leghorns should give
due attention to the development of
their table qualities.
Discussion of the meat value of a
"breed must note and take duo account
of the fact that the markets that Is,
tho dealers nnd consumers do not
recognize breed differences In poultry,
except as In a few localities particular
breeds may be generally kept and may
become known locally, or In speclnl
trade lines for excellent table quality.
The poultry breeder, therefore, In plan
ning how to make the most of tho
incut values of his Gtodk considers
what market demands can be filled
with poultry of the breed which he
Iteeps.
Average Leghorns Too Small.
Averago Leghorn hens weigh only
Jibout 3 pounds alive. Many of them
will dress only 2 to 2 pounds. This
Js not n desirable size for n table fowl,
"being too much under the weights (4
to 5 pounds) which most people prefer
when buying a fowl.
Besides being small herself, the av
erage Leghorn produces chicks so
smnll that they do not remain very
soft-meated until they havo reached
the size the market demands In broil
ers, nnd so the cockerels cannot bo
Ideal Type of Leghorn.
?old for poultry at that stage with
the same profit as cockerels from larg
er stock.,
-Standard Leghorns Better for Poultry.
Tho standard weights for mature
Leghorns are: Males 5 pounds, fe
males 4 pounds. By making these the
minimum weights for birds usefl In
lireedlng, nnd by giving the preference
to the largest specimens that show
Leghorn typo without coarseness,
strains of Leghorns may ho developed
that with no loss of laying capacity
'have considerable merit as table fowls
In a limited range of uses.
Leghorn hens which nllve weigh 4
pounds or more are heavy enough to
ineet the demand for dressed fowls a
little under tho weights generally pre
ferred, and there Is enough demand
for fowls at this weight to take all tho
supply.
The cockerels bred from hens of 4
pounds weight and over, If properly
.grown, will make broiler size as quickly
ns the chicks of most of the larger
lrceds. They will aleo be soft-meated
up to nbout 2 to 2Vj pounds weight.
After that they arc apt to harden
quickly and their flesh Is not so ten
der. Leghorn cockerels produced from
Tery Inrgo males and females that Is.
from males that weigh upward of 0,&
pounds nnd females upward of G',
pounds frequently keep quite soft
meated until they rench 4 to 5 pounds
weight. Such birds make very satis
factory smnll roasters for home use,
though they will not sell as well on the
market as birds of tho samo weight
of a Blower growing breed.
Growing Leghorns for Meat.
Even when good-sized Leghorns are
used for breeding, the chickens will not
mnke good poultry unless they are
well grown. In a measure this Is true
of any chickens ; thoso that are poorly
grown never mnko tho development
or have the table quality of thoso that
are well grown.
To secure good growth, Leghorn
chicks must not be overcrowded In
(brooders or coops, and as soon as they
aire large enough to range over an ex
pended piece of ground should bo given
ts wide range as possible and at the
wume tlmo fed liberally. Chicks so
treated will grow twice as fast as
'those that are reared under the Inten
sive conditions to which tho greater
mumber of Leghorn chicks are sfl)
fleeted.
f -'5 -i
i
INCREASING OUTPUT
OF SHEEP AND WOOL
Department of Agriculture Makes
Recommendations for 1918.
More Farm Flocks Recommended
Wherever Conditions Are Favor
able and First Cost of Stock
ing Is Not Too High.
(Prepared by the United Statos Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The department of ngrlculturo in
eludes tho following recommendation!
regarding sheep and wool In its supple
mentary production program for 1018
Effort should bo made to Increase
tho production of sheep and wool. In
crease In farm flocks Is recommended
wherever conditions are favornble and
tho firs cost of stocking Is not toe
high. The wool produced In this coun
try furnishes only about CO per cent
of the amount used In peuce times;
tho war demands have emphasized the
seriousness of this domestic ehortnge
Sheep Pastured In an Orchard.
To equip 2,000,000 soldiers and cloth
them for one year would require tin
entire quantity of wool grown annual
ly In this country.
During recent years we havo ehorr
about thlrty-llvo million fleeces annual
ly, and the pulled wool taken froir
sheep and lambs slaughtered for meal
brings the totnl clip up to the equiva
lent of about forty million fleeces. IJ
all this wool were suitable for mlll
tary use, It would supplr only 2,000,
000 men. Tho production of wool ir.
tho United States has remained prac
tically stationary from 1914 to 1017.
while Imports Increased 48 per cent
nnd the estlmnted net supply Increased
only about 21 per cent.
That mutton and wool production It
this country can be increased greatlj
admits of no doubt. This can be ac
complished by developing sheep hus
bandry on farms, especially in tin
Eastern and Southern states. Steps
should be taken In the East and South
to do away with the sheep-kllllng dog
menace by state or local action. Largt
results can be secured by Improving
methods c-f breeding and mnnagemeni
on the range ; by securing the restock
ing of Improved farm lands wltr.
sheep; by the larger use of forugc
crops and pastures; by encouraging
sheep and lamb clubs ; by the ellmina
tlon of parasites; by protection agnlnsl
losses from predatory animals ; and bj
having lambs ready for market at f roir.
70 to 80 pounds weight thereby re
quiring a minimum of grain to finish
them and making possible the main
tennnco of larger breeding flocks.
HIGH-PRODUCING GARDEN
(Prepared by the United States
Department of Agriculture.)
Are you suro that your garden
Is producing as much as It is
capable of doing? A hnlf-acre
garden, if properly cared for,
will produce sufficient vegetables
for tho average family's use. It
will produce far greater returns
per acre than can bo realized
from an equal area devoted to
general farm crops. But it Is
necessnry to give the garden
proper care and attention If you
expect maximum crops. Farm
ers' Bulletin 937, recently pub
lished by tho United States de
partment of agriculture, which
will be sent free to any who ap
ply for It, so long as tho supply
lnsts, gives specific directions
for the planting, care and culti
vation of tho various vegetables.
Make sure that you arc not wast
ing tlmo and energy by falling
to give your garden tho care
that Insures highest yields.
CARING FOR CONFINED HENS
Provide Good Straw Litter In Which
to Scatter Grain Also Supply
Green Feed.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
If tho chickens must he confined on
account of bad weather, provide a good
straw litter in which their grain feed
may bo scattered. This will give them
exercise and keep them Interested und
healthy. When chickens that have
been accustomed to free rnnge are
closely confined this frequently checks
tholr development for tho tlmo being
unless they nre made contented In the
now quarters. Provide green feed far
them also.
GOOD ROADS IN NEW ZEALAND
Concrete Declared Moot Satisfactory
In Land of Heavy Rains Cheaper
in Long Run.
The New Zealand authorities, both
local and national, are carefully study
ing the subject of good roads, realiz
ing that this Is the best way to open
up the hinterland of the dominion. The
roads of the country, In tho main, are
not In very good condition. There nre
Bome good stone roads, about tho larg
er centers, but few of them extend out,
more than 25 or 30 miles. Their up-'
keep has been found very expensive,
especially In the northern pnrt of the
country, since the rainfall Is heavy
and washouts are numerous because
the stone used Is soft nnd grinds up
rapidly, the Scientific American states.
Of late much has been said In re
gard to tho construction of concreto
highways, and It Is thought thnt this
will be far cheaper In tho long run
than the stone rouds as they are now
constructed, for the reason that the.
upkeep will be so very greatly reduced.
It Is estlmnted thnt a mile of 12-foot
concrete road four Inches thick could
be built In New Zealand for $2,000
more than a mile of ordinary stone
road, on which there would be a saving
In upkeep for the first five yenrs of at
least $1,200, while at the end of teg'
yenrs there would be a saving of $7r
000 or $8,000.
FEDERAL AID FOR HIGHWAYS
Organization Arranged by Secretary of
Agriculture Described In Re
cent Publication.
(Prepared by tho United States Depart?
'ment of Agriculture.)
The organlzntlonthnt hns been ar
ranged by the secretary of agriculture
to administer tho provisions of tho
federal-aid rond act of 1910 Is de
scribed In a recent publication of tho
department.
Ten district offices, each directed by
a district engineer, reporting to tho
director of the office of public roads,
have been established. Tho district
offices are located In Portland, Ore.;
San Francisco, Cl.; Denver, Colo.;
Minneapolis, Minn.; Omaha, Neb.;
Fort Worth. Tex. ; Chicago, 111. ; Mont
gomery, Ala.; Troy, N. Y., and Wash
ington, D. C.
The procedure adopted calls for the
submission of an application, known
Sand-Clay Road, If Well Kept, Is Sat
isfactory for Moderate Traffic.
as a project statement, by the state
highway department to tho district en
gineer, who exnmlnes the road It Is
proposed to lniprove, nnd transmits
the project statement with his recom
mendations to the headquarters office
In Washington. If the secretary of
ngriculture approves the project
statement, the plans, speclllcntlons and
estlmntes are then submitted by the
stnto hlghwuy department to the dis
trict engineer, who transmits them
with his recommendation tb the Wash
ington office, and when they nre found
to bo sultnble for approval, a formnl
certificate to that cfTect Is Issued by
the secretary of agriculture to the sec
retary of tho treasury and the state
highway department, and n formal
project agreement Is entered Into be
tween tho secretary of agriculture and
the state hlghwny department. As the
work progresses or upon Its comple
tion, payment on a special voucher ap
proved by the comptroller of the treas
ury Is made of the federal funds ap
portioned to the state,
COMPLETE PAVING IS SOUGHT
T
Only Nineteen Miles of Lincoln High
way Remain Unpaved In the
State of Ohio.
There will' ho Improved In the stats
of Ohio during 1018 many miles of
the Lincoln highway. The plans for
Improvement are so far advanced that
of the 284 tnllos In the state only
10 miles of the routo will remain
unpaved after the contracts for tho
present year nro fulfilled. Practically
11 of the road completed Is of brick.
the
KITCHEN
CABINET
To mnko good tea for you nnd me,
We'll bent this cirtlien pot, you see.
Then in It plnco Just -otic, two, three
Full teaspoons of tho fragrant tea.
One ench for Urn, and me and tbco.
And when tho wnter boiling bo,
Tilrn on; then stoop It thoroughly
Throe minutes to sot flavor free.
WHEN COMPANY COMES.
If ench householder keeps a hen for
ench member of the family, .chicken
soup mny be a
more common dish
on the tables of
the American
housewife.
?u&-M,4 Royal soup.
' A'UAvB Put a cut-un fowl
In n kettle of cold
wnter, bring to a
boll and boil ten
minutes, then cover tightly aud set
Into tho tireless cooker or to simmer
on the bnck part of the range for
three or four hours. Itemove the
chicken which may then bo used for
another dish and ndd to the stock
two large sliced onions or a dozen
smull ones, two diced carrots, one
diced turnip, one cupful of peas, two
bay-leaves and salt and pepper. Boll
until the vegetables are tender, re
move tho bay leaves but do not
strain. Serve with grated cheese and
buttered toast. Veal may be substi
tuted for chicken or a llttlo of both
mny be used for this 60up.
Seuson all meuts with salt, slightly
with pepper; to beef add onion Juice
or u cut clove of garlic, or a minced
onion cooked In fat. To lamb add
onion nnd tomato, mint sauco or to
mato catchup. To veal, minced chives,
sweet herms. To poultry udd celery
salt, sweet green pepper, chopped rlpo
sllves. To fish, tomnto, parsley, onion,
cucumber, horseradish or pickles.
Spread bread with butter lightly
then lny on slices of brick or nny rich
cheese. Put Into the oven and serve
when the bread la hot and tie cheese
Is melted.
Cream Dressing for Fruit Salad.
Melt four tablespooufuls of butter
and add two and a half tablespoonfuls
of cornstarch, one tablespoonful of
flour, one-fourth teaspoonful of salt,
three drops of tabasco nnd a' table
spbonful of sugur. Add gradually ono
cupful of hot sweet milk, stir and cook
well. Take from tho fire and add n
beaten yolk nnd five tublespoonfuls
of lemon Juice, one at a time, beating
well after each spoonful. Add sour
cream when ready to use, whip with
a Dover egg beater and serve well
chilled.
Strawberry Filling for Sponge Cake.
Bent a cupful of cream until stiff,
ndd a third of a cupful of sugar, the
white of an egg beaten stiff and a
half cupful of well-mashed strawber
ries. Flavor with vanilla nnd sprend
as a filling for lnyer cuke.
Be resolutely and faithfully what you
ore bo humbly what you aspire to
be. Man's noblest gift to man Is his
sincerity, for It embraces his Integrity
also. Henry Thoreau.
MORE GOOD THINGS.
Those who ore privileged to have
rabbits wild or tame will enjoy this
wq dish. Wash two rabbits
HSMfe) which have been cut In
HLwiH pieces for serving, place
PJH a layer of rabbit In n
covered dish,' then cover
with a layer of finely
diced onion, n few whole
peppers, threo cloves, n
quarter of a bay leaf and a sprinkling
of snlt. Repeat the lnyers until the
rabbit IS all placed, then cover with
wnter nnd vlneger, using one part
vinegar to two parts water, cover tho
dish und let stnffd two days. Pour
Into a saucepan or kettle and cook
slowly until the rabbit Is tender. He
move the moat carefully and strain
tho sauce. Cook two tablespoonfuls
of sugar to a deep caramel and ndd
very slowly to trie sauce. Mix two
tablespoonfuls of flour with u little
of tho suuee and add to It, Just before
serving put tho rabbit back Into the
Bnuce to reheat, ndd three tublespoon
fuls of grape Juice or Jelly.
Potato Dumplings. Tuko two cup
fuls of mashed potatoes, add salt und
nutmeg, one well-beaten egg, half a
cupful of croutons well browned In
butter a teaspoonful of fine chopped
parsley, or half a teaspoonful of
sweet murjoram.
Dainty Spring Salad. Cook a pound
of Italian chestnuts (shelled and
blanched) In chicken or veal broth
(seasoned with vegetables) until ten
der. Skim out, cool and cut In
shreds. Cut tomato Jelly In smull
shapes, shred half a green pepper, und
cut a hunch of endive In Julienne
shreds. Wash und dry tho heart
leaves of two heads of lettuce and
set them on Individual plates, sprin
kle over It the shredded articles and
set tho tomnto bits above. Pour over
two tublespoonfuls of tho following
dressing nnd serve.
Salad Dressing. Cut n Bermuda
ntflon In hulvos and with a thin, sharp
knife scrape the Julco Into n bowl;
ndd threo-fourths of a cupful of ollvo
oil, a cupful of red wine vinegar, one
fourth cupful of tomato catsup, a
tablespoonful of Worcestershire enuce,
ono teaspoonful of mushroom catsup.
half r. teaspoonful of paprika nnd a
teaspoonful of snlt. Mix and beat un
til well blended.
It Is easy to say how wo love new
friends and whnt wo think of them,
but words can never trace out all the
(IbroM that knit us to the old.
MORE GOOD THINGS.
Splunrh Is ono of .ho spring greens
which should bo Used freely. It la
rich In iron nnd
o t h o r material
salt.
Spinach and
Eggs. Have readj
a generous cupful
of cooked spinach
chopped fine. Melt
two teaspoonfula
of butter, add a
tablespoonful of flour n fourth of n
teaspoonful each of snlt and pepper;
cook a moment, then ndd half a cup
ful of rich milk nnd stir until boiling.
dd the spinach, mix und use to line
a glass baking dish. Break Into tho
dish three fresh eggs and set them
Into u moderate oven to cook until
set. Servo ns a luncheon or supper
dish.
Mock Orange Marmalade Scrapa
and grate enough rnw enrrots to
weigh two pounds, then squeeze over
tho currot the Juice of three lemons,
set to cook In u double boiler and
cook an hour, or until .tho carrots are
tender, then udd tho grated rind and
Juice of three oranges nnd four cup
fuls of sugar; cook until thick.
Vegetable Pie. Havo ready cooked
dried Lima beans, cubes of carrot
or turnip, pcus nnd ennned corn. Mix
nil together, season with butter, salt
and pepper, add a little milk nnd dis
pose In Individual baking dishes.
Cover with rounds of pastry, making
nn opening for the steam to escape.
Bake long enough to cook the pastry
thoroughly. Serve as tho main dish
for luncheon or supper.
Spanish Mackerel. Split a Spanish
mackerel down the back, remove tho
bone and the smull bones attached to
It. Season Inside with one-fourth of
n teaspoonful of salt and a few
dushes of paprika, Bqueezo over tho
fish tho Juice of half a lemon and
sprinkle with n tablespoonful of finely
chopped chives; put the fish back In
Its natural shape and place It In a
baking dish, suitable for tho table.
Lay slices of salt pork over It aud
bake In n hot oven half nn hour. Ite
move tho pork and pour over the fish
u cup of highly seasoned tomato sauco.
Serve anothor cup with the fish.
We never know the true valuo of"
friends. Whtlu they live we are too
sensitive of their faults, when we have
lost thorn, we only see their virtues.
Hare.
GOOD THING8 FOR OCCA6ION8.
There uro nny number of people who
like carrots, but who have no umbltlon
to originate new
wuys of serving
them. One of the.
commonest, und to
many the least at
tractive of all dish
es, Is creamed car
rots. Lot us try
some other ways to.
serve the whole
some veegtable.
Puree of Carrots Scrapo two largo
carroW, wash and dry them, cut In
slices or shreds. Put Into a snucepun
with two tablespoonfuls of butter, i
pint of boiling water, n teaspoonful ol
sugar aud u dash of paprika; covei
and let simmer very gently for about
an hour; add three cupfuls of soaked
bread that has been well drained nnd
preesed down Into tho cup; ndd two'
quarts of chicken or veal broth and
simmer an hour.
Celery With Beef Marrow. Allow it
herfd of celery to each pereson, pnro
the roots and cut tho stalks, wash In
several waters to remove all earth;
havo all heade tho samo length and
put on to boll In boiling water to cover ;
I boll five minutes, then drain on n cloth,
set the heads Into a dish whero they
will He flat, add salt, a pleco of green
1 or red pepper, a tablespoonful of but-
ter and broth to cover: lot simmer
' ono hour or until tender. For six
heads, cut four ounces of marrow from
a beef bone, tho hind shin, In half-Inch
! slices, let sonk In cold water, drain ;
I cover with boiling wnter and let slm
mer one minute; drain nnd It Is
ready. Serve with a brown sauce ; add
five tablespoonfuls of corn flour, add
four' tablespoonfuls of ollvo oil nnd
cook until frothy, then ndd one cupful
of highly sensoped brown stock, a half
cupful of tomato pureo, nnd stir until
boiling; udd one tablespoonful of Wor
cestershire sauce, u dash of paprika
and two or three tablespoonfuls of or
ange Juice. '
Breakfast Dish. Heat two cupfuls
of tomnto, add salt, poppor and butter
to Benson, nnd pour over well-buttored
toast which has been softened around
the edges In hot wnter before spread
lug with tho butter. The bread simply
heated In the oven Is fully as good and
much easier to prepare.
WESTERN
L
But Forty and Fifty Bushels of
Wheat to tho Acre.
During tho past year thero has been
a greater demand for farm lands In
Western Cduadn than for a number of
years past. Tho demand Is for good
farm lands Improved or unimproved
And at nn Incrcnso of from ten to fif
teen dollars an aero moro than th
same lands could bo had for a coupl
of years ago.
Tho rlso In the prlco of every kind
of produco grown on these Westers
lands, In sotuo cases to double nnd In
others to treble tho price prevailing be
foro 1014, havo attracted and are at
tracting In ever-lncrenslng proportloni
tho men who ore anxious to Invest
their money, and upply their, cnerglef
In tho production of wheat for whlci
tho allied nations uro culling wttb
voices which grow louder nnd mors
anxious ns tho months roll on, and the
end of tho wnr still seems distant
Beef, and moro especially bacon, ura
required In ever greater qunntlties,
and the prlco of nil theso things has
soared, until It Is not a question of
what shall we produce, but how much
can wo produce. Even should this
world calamity bo brought to a closo
In six months from now, It will bo
years before normal pre-war prices
prevail, nnd meantlmo self-interest If
not patriotism Is turning tho minds of
thousands back to tho land. Tho In
evitable con&quence has been tho rise
In values of land, especially wheat
land.
Tho Calgary Herald, commenting on
theso conditions snys:
"From Inquiries made from lending
dealers In farming nnd ranching prop
erties, nnd from the Information gath
ered In other ways, it is known that
tho vnluo of nil land wheat lnnd,
mixed farming properties, nnd oven
good grazing lnnd has risen in tho
Inst two years 40 per cent. Wheat
lands In somo districts havo practical
ly doubled In price, Ono dealer In
farm lands recently sold threo sections
for $70 nn ncre, ono extra good quar
ter went ns high ns $00, nnd nuother
brought $100. Those are, of course,
largo prices, but that they wUJ bo
cqunled or even surpassed In the sear
future Is beyond question. Thero is a
feature nbout this rush to tho land
from which tho most solid hope enn
bo drawn for tho success of the move
ment. Tho 'proper tillage of Jatid, to
produco lurgu crops In u cllmuto Uko
ours is now understood nnd practiced
as It never was In tho early days of
tho province. It would socm too that
with the lncrenso of land under culti
vation, tho seasons are changing und
tho rainfall becoming greater and more
regular.
"Crops nro being harvested, especial
ly In Southern Albortn, which would
havo seemed Impossible to the old-time
farmer, with his old-fashioned Ideas
of breaking nnd seeding. And at tho
price now sot by the government for
wheat and which possibly may bo In
creased during tho coming season, thu
return to tho practical skilled agricul
turist must necessnrlly bo very lurgo.
"What matters $10 or even $ an
aero extra on wheat land when a re
turn ns high ns CO bushels and even
more may bo taken from every aero
town? With hogs bringing $20 a hun
dred pounds; beef on tho hoof nt $12,
and mutton $10, while wool under tho
new government arranged system of
handling and sale brings G5 cents n
pound innd theso values camst full
to any great extent for Bomo years)
tho demnnd for land will contlnuo and
values Increase In a corresponding de
gree. ".There hns never been In tho Wstory
of Canada n tlmo so favorable tsc the
farmer as tho present; sclf-latoscst,
the Inspiration of patriotic feeling, tho
aid freely extended by tho govern
ment, who nro permitting tho knport
of certain agricultural Implements
free, all these tend to still further
ralso tho price of Alberta land." Ad
vertisement. A Hot One.
Was It nt a meeting of our alrornft
officials? Perhaps P was and perhaps
It wasn't. Anyway, a member was pro
testing vigorously against tho suniWlk
progress In turning out things timl
were sorely needed. A "scene" ensued
and the chnlrmnn tried to pour eU on
the troubled waters.
"Mr. Blank must remember," said
he, "thnt Homo wasn't buUt In a day,"
"I know It wasn't," retorted tho pro
testing member, "ami If this board had
had the work to do It wouldn't bo built
yet." Boston Transcript.
Have a Clear Skin.
Make Cutlcura Soap your eyery-dajr
toilet Boap und assist It now nnd thoa
by touches of Cutlcura Ointment to
soften, eoothe and heal. For freo
samples address "Cutlcura, Dcpt X,
Boston." At druggists and by tnalL
Soap 25, Ointment 25 and 50. Adv.
Part of Her Costume.
Besslo enmo runtflug to her grand
mother holding n dry, pressed leaf, ob
viously tho relic of a day long gono
by. "I found It In tho big Bible,
grandmn," she said. "Do yon 'upose
It belonged to Kyo?" Boston Tran
script A fnd Is tho peculiar fancy of somo
ono you know.
When Your Eyes Need Cart
Try Murine Eye Remedy
Bo Bnrtlni Jnt Ht Comfort. 0 eenty t
rorelita or mill. Writ for ITree Hjo Book.
6MJJUNH KY JS 11BUKDY CO.. CHICAGO