THM 8EHI-WEEKLV TRIBUNE, NORTH IWLATTE. HBBHASKA.
ALL IDLERS 151
FIGHT OR LABOR
,to Name Chiefs Who Will Be Re
i sponsible to Regional
Heds.
GENERAL CROWDER ISSUES OR
DER COVERING VARIOUS
SP0RT8 AND TRADES.
EDICT IN FORCE JULY FIRST
SOME HAY GET NEW P0S1
I'AOGO REMOVES
RAIL 'PRESIDENTS
; 1 " "
I
Amendment to Selective Service Regu
lations to Make Nation Efficient
In War Takes Registrants Out
of Deferred Class.
Bulletin.
Washington, May 23. General
Crowdor's now "work-or-flght" regula
tions muy reqiilro professional lmHe
ball players eltlier to cngngo In some
useful occupation or to Join the nnny.
Baseball players, ns well us Jockeys,
professional golfers and other profes
sional sportsmen, General Crowder
said today, will bo affected by Hie reg
ulations If strictly enforced. Gonornl
Crowder said he did not doslro to ninko
specific rulings at this time and would
make rulings only when eases came to
him from local boards after July 1.
Bulletin.
Washington, May 23. Thontrlcni
performers, have been excepted from
tho new draft regulations nt tho di
rection of Secretary Baker, who Is said
to feel that tllo people cannot do with
out all amusement in war time nnd
that other amusements could bo dis
pensed with moro readily.
Washington, May 28. Every man
of draft ago must either work or llgltt
after July 1, under a drastic amend
ment to the selective service regula
tions announced today by General
Crowder, provost marshal general.
Not only Idlers, but all draft regis
trants engaged In what are held to be
nonuseful occupations are to bo haled
before local boards md given the
choice of a now Job or tho nnny.
Gamblers, race track and bucket
shop attendants and fortuno tellers
head tho list, but those who will be
reached by tho new regulation also in
cludo waltors nnd bartenders, theater
ushers and attendants, passenger ele
vator operators and otlier attendants
of clubs, hotels, stores, etc., domestics
nnd clerics In stores.
Deferred classification granted on ac
count of dependents, will bo disregard
ed entirely In applying the rule. A
man may be at the bottom of class 1,
r even In class 4, but If ho falls -within
the regulation and refuses to tako
useful employment ho will bo given n
Dew number in class 1 that will send
him Into tho military servlco forthwith.
Local boards aro authorized to uso dis
cretion only whero they find that en
forced change of employment would
result In disproportionate hardship up
n his dependents.
May Solve the Labor Problem.
It has been known for somo tlmo that
lomo form of "work or fight" plan has
been submitted to President Wilson,
but there has been no intimation that it
1789 so far reaching in its scope. Both
the military authorities and depart
ment of labor officials bcllevo Umt it
u will go a long way toward solving the
labor problem for farmers, shlpbuild
km and munition makers and will end,
tor the present at least, talk of con
scription of labor. The announcement
today gives notice significantly Umt the
list of nonusoful occupations will be ex
tended from time to timo as necessity
requires.
The statement of tho provost mar
thai general's offlcd Is as follows;
"Provost Marshal General Crowder
today announced an amendment to tho
elective servlco regulations which
deals with tho great question of com
pelling men not enguged In n useful
occupation immediately to apply them
lelves to somo form of labor, contrlb
ntlng to tho general good. Tho idler,
loo, will nnd himself confronted wllh
tho alternative of finding suitable em
ployment or entering tho army.
"ThlH regulation provides that after
July 1, any registrant who Is found by
local board to bo fi habitual Idler or
not engagod in some useful occupation
ihnll be summoned before tho board,
given a chance to explain nnd, In tho
absence of a satisfactory explanation,
to bo Inducted into the military service
f the United States.
"Any local board will bo authorized
to tako action, whethor It has an orig
inal Jurisdiction of tho registrant or
aot; in other words, any man loallng
firoum! poolroom In Chicago may bo
held to answer to a Chicago boartl oven
though ho may havo registered in
New York and lived there moBt of his
life.
"The regulations which apply to idle
registrant's will be deemed to apply
nlso to gamblers of nil description nnd
employees and attendants of bucket
hopsnnd race tracks, fortuno tellers,
clairvoyants, palmists nnd the like.
who for tho purpose of tho regulations
shall be considered an Idlers,
New Rule Is Sweeping.
"Tho new regulation will also affect
iho following classes:
"(a) Porsons engaged in the serving
of food nnd drink, or either, in public
places, Including, hotels nnd social
clubs.
"(b) Pnssenger elevator operators
and attendants, doormen, footmen nnd
other attendants of clubs, hotels,
stores, apartment houses, ofllco build
lugs and bathhouses.
"(c) Porsons, including ushers and
other attendants, engaged nnd decu
pled In, und In connection with, games,
sports nnd nmusemcuts, excepting
ijcfunl nerformers jn lecitlmnto con
if. THUS II AIII3 HIT 1IY OIIDUIl TO
1'IHIIT OH WOHK.
tV
Idlers.
M Gamblers. it
Ilueket.shop employees,
Hnce track nttondnnts.
Clairvoyant and the like.
Professional Kolfors. r
I'rofoBHlonal baseball players
(probably). .
Klovutor operators at clubs and yt
Jf itoren.
Club and hotel doormen.
Jf Walters In hotels and clubs.
Ushers In theaters.
J AttemlantH nt sports. 2
jf Persons In domestic service.
2 Clerks In stores.
Hpivlnlly Kxrmpl.
Actors.
if
certs, oporns or theatrical perform
ance. "(d) Persons employed in domostlc
service.
"(e) Sales clerks and othor clerks
employed In stores nnd other mercan
tile estnbllslnnonts.
"Men who ure engaged as above or
who nrc ldlors will not bo permitted
to seek relief because of tho fact that
they have drawn a lntor ordor num
ber or because they have been placed
in class II, III or IV on tho grounds of
dependency. Tho fact thnt he Is not
uxofully employed will outweigh both
of the above conditions.
To Extend Nonuseful List.
"It is expected that tho list of non
useful occupations will He extended
from tlmo to time ns necessity will re
quire so ns to Include persons in othor
employments.
"Temporary absences from regular
employment not to exceed ono week,
unless such temporary nbseuces aro
habitual nnd frequent, shall not be con
sidered ns Idleness. Ilcgulur vacations
will not bo considered as absences In
this connection.
"Tho regulation throws .a further
safeguard around men not usefully em
ployed by providing that where there
aro compelling domestic circumstances
that would not permit chnngo of em
ployment by tho registrant without dis
proportionate hardship to his depend
ents or where u change from nonuseful
to useful employment or occupation
would necessitate a removal of tho
registrant or his family, local boards
may gtvc consideration to tho circum
stances. "The regulation further provides
that where such a change of employ-.
mcnt would compel tho night employ
ment of women under circumstances
which a board might deem unsultablo
for such employment of women tho
board may take suph circumstances
Into consideration In making its do
clslon."
General Crowder Explains Plan.
Explaining the new regulation and
tho necessity for it, General Crowder
said:
"The war has so far disorganized
tho normal adjustment of industrial
man power as to prevent tho cnor
mouB industrial output und nntlonnl
organization necessary to success.
"There Is a popular demand for or
ganization of mnn power, but no di
rect draft could bo imposed nt pres
ent. "Steps to prohibit idleness and non
effective occupation will be welcomed
by our people.
"Wo shall give the Idlers and men
not effectively employed tho choice be
tween military servlco nnd effective
employment. Every mnn, in the draft
ago at least, must work or fight.
"This is not alone a wnr or mili
tary maneuver. It is a deadly contest
of Industries nnd mechanics.
Must Copy German Machine.
I "Gcrmnny must not be thought of as
merely possessing an army, wo must
think of her as being an army .n
nrmy in which every factory and loom
in tho empire is a recognized part In
n complete machine running night nnd
day nt terrific speed. Wo must mnke
of ourselves tho same sort of effective
machine.
"It is not enough to nsk what would
happen if every mnn In the nation turn
ed his hand to effective work. Wo
must make ourselves efectlvo. We
must organize for tho future. We
must make vast withdrawals for the
army and Immediately closo up the
ranks of Industry behind the gup with
nn nccelerntlng production of every
useful thing In necessary measure.
How Is this to be dono?
"Tho answer Is plain. The first step
toward the solution of the dlfllculty Is
to prohibit engagement by able-bodied
men In tho field of hurtful employ
ment, Idleness or ineffectual employ
ment, nnd thus Induce nnd persuade
the vast wasted excess Into useful
fields.
"Tho very situation wo nrc now con
sidering, however, offers grent possi
bilities In Improvement of tho draft a
well as grent possibilities for tho com
position of tho labor situation by ef
fective administration of the draft.
Considering tho solecllvo service law,
wo sco two principal causes of detri
ment of the cull to military service
exemption and tho order numbers as
signed by lot.
Exemptions In Two Categories.
"Tho exemptions themselves fall Into
two conspicuous categories depend
ency nnd Industrial employment. One
protects domestic rclntlons, the other
tho economic Interests of the nation.
Between tho two thero Is nn Inov
Itublo hiatus, for It In demonstrably
truo that thousands, If not millions, of
dependency exemptions have no ef
fect of industrial protection whatever.
"One of tho unnnswcrnblo criticisms
of tho draft has been that U takes men
from tho farms amjbfrom all useful
employments nnd muTbheS them pnst
crowds of Idlers nnd lonfcrs to tho
army. The remedy Is simple to couple;
the Industrial basis with other grounds
fpr exemption and to require thnt nnyi
men pleading exemption on nuy ground
shall nlso show that ho is contrlbut-'
Ing effectively to tho Industrial wel-!
fnro of tho nation."
1. Ono of the American heavy ho.r in France being loaded for action. 2. Riveters In tho federal ship
yards at Kearney, N. J., trying to beat the English record of K,095 rivets In a nine-hour day. 8. Cnnudlnn en
gineers making an emergency telephone post out of a wrecked tree.
NEWS REVIEW OF
THE PAST WEEK
America's Great Record in the
Raising and Sending of
Troops Is Revealed.
CROWDER HITS AT LOAFERS
Every Registered Man Must Fight or
Engage In Useful Occupation Al
lies 8trlke at Reorganizing
German Armies Brit
ish Arrest Plotting
Sinn Felners.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD. -
Ninety thousnnd American troops
landed in Franco in tho first ten days
of May; n million men to be on tho
other sldo In n year from the time the
first wero sent ncross the Atlantic; n
grand total of 2,038,222 in active serv
ice or in trninjng, to be Increased to
4,000,000 or r,000,000 before the end
of the next flscnl year. Such Is the
proud record of tho war department
nnd Its plans for the near future as
stated to tho house of representatives
by Mr. Caldwell of tho military affairs
committee. Tho committee unanimous
ly approved the $11,000,000,000 nrmy
appropriation bill nnd It wns reported
to the house.
Mr. CnldwelJ added : "The potentlnl
man power of America, for a seven
year war, may be conservatively esti
mated at 20,000,000 fighting men of
recognized military age this out of a
population of 125,000,000."
Continually harassed by tho artll
Ing record with that of Great Britain,
he said: "Wo began with less, went
further, nnd nrrlved with more in
shorter time."
Tho nrmy bill wns so amended thnt
President Wilson Is riven unlimited
power to call drafted men to the col
ors.
J
As n step toward realizing the gov
ernment's expectations In the matter
of man power, Provost Mnrshul Gen
eral Crowder on Thursday Issued a
drastic amendment to tho selective
service regulations, which will com
pel every mnn of draft uge to either
fight or work after July 1. Idlers nnd
all engaged In non-useful occupations
win bo cnlled In by draft boards and
given their choice of Joining the col
ors or finding somo useful occupation.
Among thoso affected by the order are
gamblers and race track attendants,
baseball players and other professional
sportsmen, wnlters nnd bnrtenders,
thenter ushers, passenger elevntor op
erators and other attendants of clubs
and hotels, domestics und clerks in
stores.
In applying the rule deferred clnssl
ilcutlon on account of dependents will
bo utterly disregarded, and local boards
may tnke nctlon whether they have
original Jurisdiction of tho registrant
or not.
- It Is believed In Washington that tho
"fight or work'4 plan will go u long
way in solving the -problem of getting
sufficient lnhor for the farms, the ship
yards nnd the munitions plants. Un
til tho results of Its operation are
seen thero will bo no more talk of tho
conscription of labor.
Attorney General Gregory followed
up General Crowder's order with tho
statement that all who leave the coun
try to escape tho draft will be prose
cuted on their return.
Ja-
That thero will bo enough ships to
meet tho requirements of tho situa
tion seems nssured, for tho shipyards
aro turning them out In steadily in
creasing numbers. At Rutgers college
last week Secretary Daniels said that
beforo another summer we shnll havo
enough ships to carry millions of troops
to Prance, and enough destroyers to
see them there in safety, "Tho em
peror of Germany" he added, "knows
thnt when tho United States builds
enough ships his end bus coure, nnd
We nro going to build enough ships."
President Wilson has consented to
restore to tho original number tho
fleet of steamers employed to carry
food to the ten million starving In
hibltnn8 of German-occupied Belgium
nnd France, but on the other hand he
lias caused Holland to be notified, that
If It wnnts the remainder of the grain
promised It by Amerlcn It must send
Dutch ships for it at once. Tho Neth
erlands government had prohibited
the departure of Dutch vessels from
Its ports, where more thnn 400,000 tons
of shipping are lying idle. The grain
rations promised to Norway are going
forwnrd, in Norweglnn bottoms.
S
The food situation In France hns
Improved so much thnt the end of the
regime of restrictions Is In sight, nnd
tho three mentless dnys a week, only
recently Instituted, have given such ex
cellent results thnt the mensure will
be of short duration. Many of the
older French soldiers will be released
for farm work as the American troops
arrive in greater numbers.
In sharp contrast with this is tho
condition existing In Germnriy and Aus
trlo, where the people are reliably re
ported to bo on the verge of starvation
and of consequent rebellion. Wash
ington is Informed that even with the
reduced ration planned for Juno 15
Germnny will not have enough food to
last through to tho next harvest The
Berliner Tageblatt Bays horse meat
and dog meat are being used by the
poorer classes in Saxony, nnd tho
price hns gone up.
The war prisoners of Germnny of
course nre the grentest sufferers. The
first contingent of Russian prisoners,
1,500 in number, to be exchanged un
der the recent agreement has Just
reached Petrogrnd and they are de
scribed as "veritable walking dead
men."
As wns predicted In this review
weeks ngo, the food supply to be ob
tained from tho Ukraine, of which the
Gormqn government boasted so much
In ndvance, hns proved so smnll as to
he almost Inconsequential. And the
kaiser's treacherous treatment of that
country greatly aggravates the situa
tion there, for the people do not pro
pose to raise crops only to be robbed
of them,
i
Contlnunlly harrassed by the artil
lery nnd nir forces of the nlllcs, the
Gcrmiin commnnders were still lnbor
Ing henvlly Inst week to complete the
reorganization of their armies on the
west front for the resumption of tho
drive. So grent wns the task aud so
effective the interruptions thnt com
petent observers believed the offensive
could not bo begun again before the
middle of June. Meanwhile General
Foch nnd his nssoclntes, instead of
waiting quietly to bo attacked, took
every opportunity to Improve their sit
uations, with the result that their lines
grew stronger dnlly. First the Brit
ish nnd then tho French, always aided
materially by the Americans, struck
hard In local operations so extensive
thnt In previous wurs they would bo
classed as battles. The Anzacs start
ed off the week by recapturing Vllle-sur-Ancre,
Inflicting henvy losses on
the Huns. Next the Pollus mado one
of their whirlwind attacks on a 4,000
yard front In tho Locre region, near
Kemmel, taking a considerable number
of prisoners and holding the,ohjoctlves
gained, which strengthened their de
fensive positions around Scherpenberg,
Mont Rouge and Mont Nolr. On suc
ceeding days the Gcrmnns wero pushed
back In other sectors, the allies always
gaining ground of tactical Importance.
The Huns seemed to have lost much of
their fighting spirit and their counter
attacks had little dash und no success.
Tho artillery firing on both sides In
creased during tho week all along the
lino. The Germans were especially
free with the use of gas shells, but In
tha'Amcrlcan sector northwest of Toul,
nt least, they got more than they gave,
for the Yankee batteries fairly deluged
the German positions nnd cantonments
in the Gerechamp wood with gas, In
flicting severe punishment on the en
emy. The Americans carried out n number
of spirited patrol actions nnd raids in
their sector but had no extensive en
gagements. Fighting nnd bombing operations of
the nvlntors wore extraordinarily nu
merous and exciting last week. Many
machines on both sides wero brought
down, but the Huns were by far tho
greater sufferers. Among tho noted
air .men lost wus Major Raoul Lufbery,
tho American, who Jumped from his
blazing machine and was killed. Other
American nvlntors were very active
and many of them gained new lnurols.
The nllled nir men carried put numer
ous bombing raids over German towns,
besides dropping many tons of ex
plosives on the enemy's military estab
lishments. The Germans made a great nir raid
on London, killing 44 persons and loo
Ing five of their planes, and attempted
two raids on Paris with little success.
More satisfactory to the Hun mind
were the results of some nir raids on
British hospitals behind the lines, for
several hundred sick and wounded sol
diers were killed and injured, and
among the victims wero several wom
en nurses who would not desert their
wards. The commnnder of the squad
ron of Gotlms that made this charac
teristically brutal attack was brought
down nnd captured nnd declnred he did
not see the Red Cross signs on the hos
pitals, though they were plainly visible.
!
Austria's renewed drive against Italy
did not develop last week, but reporta
from Vlennn said Austria had ceased
all military operations In tho east on
Mny 20 in order to concentrate her
forces on the Italian front, so It Is like
ly the offensive will bo started there
very soon. The nllles have little fear
of the result.
I '
The Germans captured the city ef
Abo In Finland and also occupied
BJorko, an Island in the G.ulf of Fin
land 80 miles from Petrograd. In Kiev,
capital of the Ukraine, there was heavy
fighting between tho forces of Skoro
padsky, the new Ukrainian dictator,
nnd troops that remnlned faithful to
tho rada. In Baku, on the Caspian,
which was previously reported captur
ed by tho Russians, tho bolshevlkl and
Mussulmans fought long and bitterly.
More than 2,000 were killed nnd much
of the city was burned. The food sit
uation In Russia was reported to be
growing steadily worse except in Mos
cow. Petrograd is now entirely with
out bread.
Copenhagen dispatches nay that Gen
eral Mnnnerhelm, commander in chief
of tho Finnish white guard, has re
signed because ho was ordered to in
vade the Russian province of Karelia.
Declaring that it had discovered u
extensive and dangorous pro-German
plot in Ireland, the British government
descended upon tho Sinn Fein sudden
ly and arrested several hundred mem
bers of thnt party, including its presi
dent, Professor de Vnlera, and prac
tically all the other leaders. The coup
raised n storm In Ireland and even the
nationalists, though disclaiming any
sympathy with the revolutionary alms
of the Sinn Felners, declared the gov
ernment's action was not sincere and
wns taken to cloud the home rule and
conscription situation. The Irish ob
jectors to the draft seem to rely great
ly on public opinion In tho United
States, and over here there is a ten
dency to suspend Judgment concerning
tho Sinn Fein urrests until the British
government adduces its proof of n plot.
It Is said the existence of the plot
wns known for weeks by American
secret agents and that such notorious
Irishmen in America as Jeremiah
O'Lenry now missing were concern
ed in it. It is certain that no pro-German
plotters In anyof the nllled coun
tries will get any sympathy from ths
Amerlcnn government or the American
people.
Director General McAdoo startled
the country last week by summarily re
moving from their positions all presi
dents of railroads, in order to obtain
more complete co-operntlon in the run
ning of tho lines, nnd, incidentally, to
save about $20,000,000 n yenr In sal
aries. Many other high roll officials
also have lost their Jobs because they
were doing little to earn their pay. It
Is Mr. McAdoo's intention to appoint
a federal director of tho roads in each
region, and some of the best of the
deposed presidents will get these
places.
The government also has taken over
the carrier business of tho Pullman
company, making It a pnrt of the rail
wny system. The company will be
paid rental for Its carrier Industry
based on the three-year average earn
ings prior to June HO, 1017.
S
Mrs Rose Pnstor Stakes, well-known
soclnllst, wns found guilty of violat
ing tho espionage act by a federal
court Jury in Kansas City, Sho had
attacked the government ns an ally of
Lthe profiteers.
Statement Says Wherever Possibly
Federal Directors Will Be Appoint
ed From Among Operating"
Officers of Property.
Washington, Mny 22. Every rutl
road president in tho United States was
relieved from active duty as executive
manager of his road by Director Gen
eral McAdoo. He will appoint a fed
eral director for each road, responsible
only to tho railroad administration.
In many, cases the president of the;
road may be named federal director.
As another step in the reorganlza?
tlon of railroad management, the di
rector general ordered tho creation of
two operating districts tho Allegheny
region, consisting of tho principal
trunk lines enst of Pittsburgh, exclud
ing tho New York Central, managed by
C U. Mnrkham, now regional director
for tho South, and the Pocnhontas dis
trict, consisting of tho Enst nnd West
trunk lines terminating nt Hamptoa
Roads.
Statement by McAdoo.
Tho following statement was issued,
by Director General McAdoo:
"In vlow of the direct responsibility
for the operation of the railroads oC
the country placed upon Director Gen
eral McAdoo by the net of congress,;
nnd by the proclnmntlons of tho presi
dent, ho has been unable to escape the
conclusion that It will bo advisable tol
place In direct charge of each prop
erty for operating purposes a repre-i
sentntlve to bo known as the federal!
manager, who will report to tho re-j
gional director.
"As far ns practicable tills federal)
manager will be chosen from tho op-j
erating officers of the particular prop-i
erty who are entirely familiar with Its
employees and its conditions.
"Except so far as may be necessary
to meet the emergency conditions
which compel .the government to take,
control of the railroads, the federal
manager of eueh railroad will en
deavor to avail himself to the fullest
extent of tho advantages Incident toj
the operations of the particular rail
road as a unit and the preservation of
its Identity.
Seeks Best Results.
"This is believed to be of essential
Importanco not only to secure tho
best results during the period of gov-
eminent control, but also to glvo the
greatest degree of reassurance to tho
officers and employees that the rail
road careers upon which they have en-,
tered will not bo narrowed, but If nny-i
thing, will be broadened, nnd to glvcj
the grentest possible renssurnnce tq
the stockholders that their Just Inter-'
ests in the properties will be respected
nnd thnt nothing will bo needlessly
done to have even tho appearance of
Impairing their Just rights."
Under the radical plan outlined by
Mr. McAdoo, the board of directors oi
ench railroad controlled by the govern-'
ment will operate In purely an ad
visory capacity and n railroad presi
dent becomes virtually a useless ap
pendage to be retained by the stock
holders, if nt nil, ns n luxury.
More Important Roads.
A list of the more Important rail
ronds and tho names of their presi
dents follow:
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, B.
P. Ripley.
Boston nnd Maine, James H. Hustlt
(receivership).
Central Pacific, WUltnm F. Ilcrrln.
Cldcngo nnd Alton, W. G. Blerd.
Eastern Illinois, William J. Jackson
(receivership). j
Chicago aud Northwestern, R. H. t
Alshton.
Chicago, Burlington & Qulncy, Halo,
llolden.
Chicago Great Western, W. L. Park
(acting).
Chicago, Indianapolis' and Louisville,
Harry R. Kurrle.
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul,
II. E. Byrnin.
Rock Island, J. E. Gorman.
Denver nnd Rio Grande, E.L. Brown.
Erie, F. D. Underwood.
Grent Northern, Louis W. Hill.
Illinois Central, C. H. Mnrkham (re
signed). Kansas City Southern. J. A. Efeou.
Lehigh Vnlley, E. E. Loomls.
Louisville nnd Nashville, Milton IL
Smlth.
Michigan Central, Alfred H. Smith
Missouri, Knnsns and Texas, C. E.
Schaff (president and receiver.
Missouri Pacific, B. F. Bush.
New York Central, Alfred H. Smith
New York, Now Hnvcn nnd Hart
ford, Edward J. Peurson.
Northern Pacific, Julo M. Hnnnnford.
Pennsylvania. Samuel Rea.
Poro MaYquette, F. H. Alfred.
Seabonrd Air Line, William J. Hara
ban. Southern Pacific, William Sproule.
Southern railway, Falrfux: Hurrison.
Wnbash, Edward FI Kearney,
Union Pacific, B. E. Calvin.
Chicago Club Ousts Germans.
Chicago, Muy 18. Elghteon allea
inomy employees wore discharged by
Jie Chicago Athletic association in
lursuunce of its policy of excluding
:ucli aliens from the premises of the