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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (May 17, 1918)
THE 1EMI-WM1KLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA. FATE OF BELGIUM URGES ALL TO GIVE The Housewifeand the War Helpiig the Meat aid Milk Supply PRESIDENT CALLS ON AMERICA TO AID THE RED CROSS. (Special Information Service, United, States Department of Agriculture,) when Co-operation helps the farmer (Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture.) AN ICELESS REFRIGERATOR FOR SUMMER DAVS TITLE OF GERMAN WARNING IF SETS ASIDE WEEK FOR DRIVE THEY JOIN ALLIES IN WAR- IS NEUTRALS BaaaaaaaaasaaaaaaBlr';! A Saving of $1,000 Was Made by a Western Fruit Growers' Association by Buying These 34 Sprayers Co-operatively. SECURE RESULTS IN CO-OPERATION Special Farming Encourages Work-Together Methods Among Agriculturists. FAITH IN PRINCIPLE NEEDED United States Department of Agricul ture Will Aid Communities De. ' siring to Form Organizations Soma Good Suggestions. Every co-operntlvo organization should result from a widespread de mand based on a well-felt need. A community which specializes on one or n few products offers a more promising field for a co-operative mar keting organization than one which produces small amounts of a lnrge number of different products. A farm er naturally will devote more attention to an organization which markets his principal products than one which han dles products which arc raised by him ns sldo lines. If the servlco rendered by existing marketing agencies Js unsatisfactory, a co-operative marketing organization Is likely to receive heartier support than if the farmers are satisfied with the existing system. An association should bo formed only when It can perform profitably some definite serv ice, for an organization without a defi nite purpose Is not likely to accomplish very much. Prejudice and misconcep tion make a very Insecure foundation for co-operative effort Democratic Institutions. A co-operative' organization Is a dem ocratic institution In which It Is custom ary for all members to have equal voting power, while In n nonco-opera-tlvo stock company each share usually has a vote. Thus the basis of repre sentation In one Is men, while hi the other it Is money. Another prlnclplo usually followed by co-operative organ izations Is to limit the financial inter ests of individuals as a further safe guard agalust allowing one member to gain control of the organization. It Is customary for co-operative associations to admit us members all who desire and are qualified to become members and agree to abide by the rules. While nonco-operatlve stock companies dis tribute their profits In the form of divi dends on their capital stock, co-opera-tlyo organizations having capital stock make a practlco of limiting tho divi dends to a fair rate of luterost on the capital Invested and distribute the sur plus, If any, on the basis of the busi ness done through tho nssocjatlon. Thcso suggestions by specialists of the United States department of ngrl culturo nro given In Yearbook Separate 738 Just Issued from Washington. There is u close relationship between co-operative marketing organizations and the more generul associations formed for educational and nodal pur poses. Many communities nro not ready for co-opera tlvo marketing activ ities, and frequently a nodal or educa tional organization hi such u neighbor hood is Invaluable hi teaching Its mem bers tho valuo of co-operation und how to co-opcrato. Just as a child creeps before it learns to walk and run, so u community has to understand tho fun damentals and tho requirements of co operation before great results can b obtained from organization. An edu cational or Boclal association, when properly directed, furnishes uu excel lent placo for n full nnd free discussion of organization and marketing prob lems and In this way lays tho founda tion for future co-operative marketing activities. Preliminary Survey. When the organization of n co-operative purchasing1 or marketing nssoeln lion comes 'up for consideration, It Is advisable to conduct a preliminary sur rey of tho local Kltuutton In order to isccrtntn whether or not conditions nro tlpo for ro-operiitlvo work. Since or ganizations founded on n well-felt need M'e m"te ltUty to be successful than 0'"i,imUo,,H 'btcli nte not, Iho need for a co-opcratlvo organization should bo ascertained In the preliminary Bur vey, as well its tho amount of business nvallable, and the attitude of the peo ple In tho community townrd co-opcratlvo undertakings. The existing agen cies which tho proposed organization Intends to replace or supplement should be studied to determine whether they are rendering satisfactory service, and information should be gathered rela tive to the outlets for tho products to bo marketed and tho sources of sup piles to be purchased. Tho department of agriculture la glad to advise with communities desir ing to organize for co-operative undertakings. SHEEP OR DOGS WHICH? Why don't you keep sheep on your farm? Afraid dogs will kill them! . Can't keep stray dogs and sheep In the same county. That means that tho stray shccp-kllllng dog must go, In your neighborhood. Pass a good dog law. United States Department of Agricul ture. Farmers Write Insurance. Farmers' co-operative flro Insurance companies to the number of about 2, 000 nro now in existence. They have about $5,800,000,000 of Insurance in force. This means that the farmers' companies nro now Insuring more than two-fifths of nil the lnsurablq farm nronerty in tho United States Tho average cost of Insurance In thcso com panies is nbout 20 cents per hundred dollars per year. How Good Cows Pay. It Is well known thnt dairy cows, to bo profitable, must be comparatively largo producers, yet few people fully realize tho remarkable rato nt which Income advances as production in creases. Tabulations of 5,587 cow-test ing association records from vnrloun parts of the United states, covering a period of four years, show that as tho average butterfat production Increased from 150 to 200 pounds, the lncomo over cost of feed advanced from $21 to $34; that Is, a gain of 50 pounds, or 33 per cent, In production gave nn Increased Income of C2 per cent over feed cost. The next gain of 50 pounds raised tho Income over cost of feed to $50, tho next to $03, tho next to $74, the next to $S7, the next to $100, and the last to $118. As tho butterfat production Increased from 150 pounds to 300 pounds, the In come over cost of feed advanced from $21 to $03; In other words, ns produc tion doubled, Income over cost of feed advanced threo times. When tho but terfat production Increased from 150 pounds to 450 pounds tlint Is, trebled tho Income over cost of feed ad vanced from $21 to $100, or almost five times as much. War's Need for Good Cows. The profitable dairy cow helps to feed our armed forces and will help us win the war, hut tho low-producing, unprofitable scrub Is little better than a slacker. Tho unprofitable cow may enjoy perfect health and havo u largo appetite; she may even belong to ono of the best cow families, but If she Is not mi economical producer (she should bo converted Into meat. The present, however, Ih not tho time to dlsposo of dairy herds; rather It 1b tho tlmo to enlarge and Improve them. Tho city, tho country, nnd tho army need more dairy products; tho dairy cow also assists greatly In maintaining permanent soil fertility; and tho care fully selected, well-bred, well-fed dairy cow may still he kept at n profit. Let tho slognu, therefore, bo: Careful se lection, Intelligent breeding, nnd skill ful feeding. Keeping Harness In Repair. The tools und futilities required for keeping harness in repair nro comparn lively Hlfuplo und Inexpensive, A con siderable portion of tho repair work on harness can bo performed by tho aid of tools required for other pur poses, but thcro nre a few ppcclal do vkos that nro desirable. GITE AMOUNT OFBQDTY SEIZED Punishment Inflicted Upon Stricken Pcoplo Astounding- Children Fined, Churches and Cathedrals Destroyed. " Prisoners of War Mistreated. Washington Gorman propagandists havo Hooded Spain with a documont prlntod In Spanish, warning neutral nations of tho frlghtfulness Uioy may expect if thoy align thomsolvcs with tho allies In tho war. A translation mado public by the state department follows : "Besides nn untold amount of war material, enpturod'on tho battlofleld, tho Germans havo taken possession of Incalculable booty in Franco nnd Belgium, Including: "High grade watches, 417; average watches, 5,010; underwear, 18,073; embroideries and women's handker chiefs, 15,132; umbrellas and parasols, 3,705; silver spoons, 1,870; bottle of champagne, 523,000. "These figures show a largo in crea.so over those of tho campaign against Franco In 1870-71. "In Bolglura, besides many art treasures, they havo confiscated old paintings valued at 8,000,000 pesetas. "Duo to tho treachory of Cardinal Mercler and other priests, who did their utmost to stir the priests against tho good-hearted German soldiers, they wore forced to teach a severe lesson to tho Belgian and French Catholics. "Cathedrals destroyed, 4; ronderod unserviceable, 8; churches destroyed. 27; rendered unserviceable, 84, To tal, 73. "In Poland also, a large number of churches have been destroyed for military reasons. Tho flguros con- cerning theso have not yet been pub lished. "As a result of the stupid stubborn ness of tho Belgian people In con- tlnulng tho struggle after their bloody and final defeat on tho battlefield, the Germnn officers wero forced against their will to Impose punishments on many rich Individuals nnd wealthy cities. "This has contributed tho following amounts to German treasury: "Punishments, 87,000,000 pesotas security, 13,000,500 pesotas; reprisals, 15,750,000 pesetas; forced contribu tions, 4,320,850 pesetas. Total, 120,' 071,350 pesetas. "Tliis amount Includes a fine of 15,000 pesetas Imposed on the Alsa tian children who insist on speaking the Fronch language and refuse to itudy the beautiful German language. Tho statistics are a most useful warn ing to neutral countries. "If there aro still any thinking of tiding with tho allies, let them take warning from tho fate of tho others." In connection with claims of tho ex tent of territory occupied by Gorman troops the following foot noto ap pears : "When It Is held that the Germans have occupied no English territory and that on tho contrary they have lost all their African colonies amount ing to some three million squnre kilo meters, It must be remembered that the English, according to the declum tlon of their ministers, aro not intend' ing to secure any extension of the British empire, thnt tbey have enter ed tho Ktrugglo with only the Him of helping tho Belgians. "That is to say, the English havo practically pledged themselves to re turn the German colonies after the wnr In exchange for tho evacuation nnd Indemnification of Belgium. Tho Germans, therefore, nre to recover all that they have lost in Africa. "More than 50,000 British have been mado prisoners, Although to theso fig urcB tho English oppose 121,800 Ger man prisoners taken by them on tho western front, It must be remembered tho English treat prisoners with not able kindness (blanduru notorla), while tho rcglmo imposed on the Eng lish prisoners by the Germans Is one of extreme rigor; so that the Germans, With a small number of prisoners, have secured a much superior moral effect. Besides, to tho 2,204 officers and 51,323 soldiers must be added the several thousand English prisoners that have died in consequence of disease, Kcanty food and other accidents in German concentration camps, "Tho figures refer to the total prior to the drive In Picurdy and Flanders, Give Territory for Peace. Zurich, Tho peace treaty Just sign ed by Rumania with tho central pow ers provides for the ceding of south em Dobrudja to Bulgaria and the rul Ing of northern Dobrudja by a special Joint commission, pending final settle ment. Dobrudja Ih 'n part' of numanla bounded on tho cast by the Black sea, nnd on the north nnd west by tho Danube. It has an area of 4,000 squnro mll.?8 nnd a population o'f nbout 300.000. War Fund of $100,000,000 to Be Raised Money Secured In 1917 Used Up In Relief Work. Washington, D. C President WU son has Issued n proclamation desig nating the week beginning May 20 as "Red Cross Weok," and calling upon tho American people to contribute generously to tho second $100,000,000 war fund of tho American Rod Cross for tho nllovlatlou of suffering among tho American troops in Franco nnd their dopondents at homo and among the fighting forces nnd civilian popu lations of tho allied countries. The proclamation follows: Inasmuch ns tho wnr fund of 1017, so generously contributed by the Am erican peoplo to tho American Rod Cross for tho administration of relief nt homo and abroad, has been prac tically exhausted by appropriations for tho welfare of the men In our mil itary nnd navnl forces, nnd for thoso dependent upon them, nnd for the yet moro urgent necessities of our allies, military and civilian, who havo long borno tho brunt of wnr: "And, inasmuch ns tho American Red Cross has been recognized by law and International convention ns the public Instrumentality for wnr rcllof; "And, inasmuch ns tho year of our own participation In tho wnr has brought unprecedented demands upon tho patriotism nnd liberality of our people, and made evident the nocos slty of concentrating tho work of re lief in ono main organization which enn respond effectively nnd univer sally to tho needs of humnntty under stress of wnr; "And, Inasmuch nn the duration of tho wnr and tho closer nnd closer (wnnornflnn nt Min Amnrlrnn Ttwl fCross with our own army and navy, with the governments of our allies, 'and with foreign relief organizations, hnvo resulted In tho discovery of new .opportunities of helpfulness under conditions which translate opportunity Into duty; "And, Inasmuch ns tho American Red Cross wnr council and Its com missioners In Europo havo faithfully nnd economically administered the peoples trust: "Now, therefore, by virtue of my authority ns president of tho United States and president of tho Red Cross, I, Woodrow WllBon, do hereby proclaim the week beginning Mny 20, 1018, as 'Red Cross Week,' during which tho people of tho United Stntes will be called upon again to give gen erously to tho continuation of tho Im portant work of relieving distress during the war and assisting In main taining the morale of our own troops, nnd the troops nnd peoples of our al lies -by this manifestation, effort and sacrifice on the part of those, who, though not privileged to bear arms, aro of one spirit, purpose and deter mination with our warriors." 20th Nation Wars on Kaiser. Sun Juan Del Sur, Nicaragua, The Nlcaraguan congress hns declared war on Germany and Its allies. The declaration of war was adopted by congress at tho suggestion of Presi dent Chnmorro with only four dissent ing votes. Congress also adopted a declaration of solidarity with the Uultetl States and tho other American republics at war with Germany and Austria, and authorized tho president to take steps to utlllzo to a full meas ure the nation's forces In the war. Nicaragua Is tho 20th nation which has doclnrcd war agalust Germony. Would Cancel France's Debt. Washington, D. 0. Cancellation of Franco's financial obligations to tho United States Is proposed in a resolu tion Introduced by Senator Kenyoa pf Iowa. The resolution provides that "all obligations of the republic of France to tho United- States of America for moneys borrowed or funds advanced since the commence ment of the present war Including la terost thereon bo and aro hereby can celled." Nearly Two Million In Class One. Washington. There aro approxl matoly 1,750,000 physically fit men of Class I of the draft, Provost Marshnl General Crowder's ofilco declared. This number Is In addition to 283,000 men Included in the last call and 700,- 000 fit fighters will be added by tho roglstratlon of the 21-yeor-olds on Juno 5, Increasing the reserves to nearly 2,500,000 men. Special Draft Men Called. Washington, A requisition on all states except Arizona, Delaware and Vonnont for 5,000 specially qualified draft registrants to go to camp May 0 was sent out by Provost Mnihnl General Crowder. Idlers Are Warned. Birmingham, Ala. One hundred and nrty white-robed men hf Kn Kin Klan uniform, carving an America flag nnd a fiery cross at tho head of tho procession, rode through the streets of Birmingham recently warning Idlers to find work to do Tho riders distributed cards saying tho United States Is at war: thnt evory man Is needed except those wnoso attitude im hostile to the gov ernment and that the Klon intend ed to se that there br no Idleness, Wooden Frame Covered With Screen Wire and Canton Flannel or Burlap Makes Thla Refrigerator (Left) Framework; (Right) Completed Convenience. DEVICE TO KEEP FOOD IN SUMMER Evaporation of Water From Cloth Cover Is Cooling Principle of Refrigerator. COOLER FOR DRINKING WATER Temperature of 50 Degrees F. Possi ble Under Ideal Conditions Placo for Meats, Fruits, Vegetables, Milk and Butter. Wherfi lco is not obtalnnblo nn Ice less refrigerator, home-made, will bo n useful food' keeper and food saver this summer. Maintaining a low tempera turd" through the evaporation of water from Its ennvns cover, tho lcelcss re frigerator will keep meats, fruits nnd vegetables cool nnd will extend tho pe riod for keeping milk nnd butter. It can also serve as n cooler for drinking water. Separate Refrigerators. In homes where large quantities of milk and butter nro to bo kept it would bo well to hnvo ono refrigerator for milk and butter nnd another for other foods, as milk and butter readily nb sorb odors from other foods. It costs very llttlo to build tho refrigerator and nothing to operate it. The operation is ns elmplo ns the construction. Tho upper pan should be kept filled with water. Tho water Is drawn by cnpll- lary attraction through tho wicks and saturates the cover. As evaporation takes placo hent Is taken from the lnsldo of tho refrigerator, thereby low ering the temperature of tho insldo nnd the contents. Capillary action starts more readily If tho cover is first dampened by dipping it In water or throwing water upon It. The greater tho rate of evaporation the lower tho tempernturo which can be secured; therefore the refrigerator works best when rapid evaporation takes place. Evaporation Is Rapid. When the refrigerator Is placed In a shady plnco In a strong hreczo nnd tho air Is warm and dry, evaporation takes plncc continuously nnd rapidly and tho tempernturo lnsldo tho refrig erator Is reduced. Under Ideal condi tions tho tempernturo has been known to ho reduced to B0 degrees Fahrenheit. When It Is damp, nnd tho nlr Is full of moisture, tho refrig erator will not work ns well, since there is not enough evaporation. More water will find its way to tho lower pan, hut it will bo drawn up Into tho covering by capillary attraction when the nlr again becomes drier. Tho refrigerator should bo regulnriy cleaned and sunned. If the framework, uhelves nnd pans nre white enameled they can more easily be kept In n sani tary condition. It Is well to hnvo two covers, so that a fresh ono can bo used each week and the soiled ono washed nnd sunned. Somo Flrelecs Specialties. Here nro somo things thnt can be cooked well In tho firclesi cooker: Cereals Prepare as for tho stove, but use one-sixth less water. Boll for ten minutes, or longer with coarser cereals, Placo In tho cooker boiling hot nnd lenve Blr or eight hours or over night. Meats Buy cheaper cuts. Tho Un less can mako tough meat tender. Creole Stew. 1 pound lean beef or4 cupful rice. 1 medium fowl. 4 cupful chopped on ! cupfuls tomatoes. ton. 1 cupful carrots orl tabletiponnfut fat. okro rut smnll, 1 tenvpoonful salt. 1 cupful chopped sweet peppers. Cut the meat In small pieces or cut the fowl Into Joints. Melt tho fat, add the onions, peppers, meat or chicken. Brown for n few minutes. Put In cooking vessel with seasoning, rice, vegetables und ono cupful boiling wa ter. Simmer for one-hnlf hour nnd put in flrcJcsS for threo hours without tho disks or two hours with them. With chicken nnd okrn this Is tho fa mous Creole chicken of tho South; Roasts Sear tho roast, season, plnco in tho cooking vessel between two hot disks. Do not add water. Al low 25 minutes per pound. v Soup stock Cut up meat, crack bones, and cover with cold water. Let It rench the boiling point, then plnco In cooker for sovcral hours. Dried fruits and vegetables Peas, beans, corn, dried fruit soak In wa ter until restored to tho originnl slzo. Boll n few minutes and then keep la cooker six to twelve hours. Baked beans or pens nro especially good cooked In tho flreless. For moro recipes send to tho depart ment of agriculture for Farmers' Bul letin 771, "Homo-Mnde Flreless Cook ers and Their Use." HOW TO CONSTRUCT AN ICELESS REFRIGERATOR A wooden frame is mado with dimensions 42 by 10 by 14 inches nnd covered with Bcrcen wire, preferably the rustless typo, which costs little more than tho ordinary kind. The door is made to fit closely and Is mounted on brass hinges, nnd enn bo fastened with n wooden latch. Tho bottom la fitted sol id, but tho top should bo cov ered with screen wire. Adjusta ble Bhelves can bo mado of solid wood or strips or sheets of gal vanized metal. Shelves mndc of poultry netting on light wooden frames, ns shown in tho Illus tration, aro probably tho most desirable. Theso shelves rest on sldo braces placed nt desired Intervals. A bread baking pan, 1-1 by 10 Inches, is placed on tho top nnd tho frame rests in a 17 by 18-lnch pan. All tho woodwork, the shelves and tho pans should receive two coats of white paint nnd one or two coats of white enamel. This makes a very attractive surface and one that- can bo easily kept clean. The screen wire also may receive tho coat of ennmel, which will prevent it from rust ing. A caver of canton flannel, bur lap or duck la made to fit the frame. Put tho smooth side out if canton flannel is used. It will rcqulro nbout threo yards of ma terial. This cover Is buttoned around tho top of tho frnmo nnd down tho sldo on which the door is not hinged, using buggy hooks nnd eyes or large-headed tacks nnd eyelets worked In the mate rial. On tho front sldo arrange tho hooks on tho top of the door, instead of on the frame, nnd also fasten the cover down tho latch side of tho door, nllowlng a wide hem of tho material to overlap tho placo whero the door closes. The door can then be opened without unbuttoning the cover. Tho bottom of the cover should extend down Into tho lower pnn. Four douhlo strips, which tnper to 8 or 10 inches in width, nro sewed to the upper part of the cover. These strips form wicks that dip over into (ho upper pan. Tho dlmensons given make n refrigerator at very convenient size for household uso and one with efficient evaporating sur face, but It Is not necessary to follow strictly these dimensions. If a Inrgor cnpnclty Is desired, tho height of the refrigerator can be Increased. J: Never buy lnrge quantities of sntcti nt a time they spoil. . ai.t-;..
