THI SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, WORTH PLATTg. NEBRASKA.
MM
FItO
Helping t he Meat
(Special Information Borvlco, United States Department of Agrlculturo.)
YOUR DAIRY OPEN TO INSPECTION, OR CRITICISM.
The Way to Get Clean Milk: Clean
Small-Top
Various Methods of Milking
Should Stand Eye Test of
Customers.
KEEP OUT HARMFUL BACTERIA
Ordinary Common-Sense Rules of
Cleanliness Will Do Much to Pre
vent Contamination Clean
Stable Before Milking.
Suppose, Mr. Dairyman, your cus
tomers should step Into your dairy
barn unannounced nt milking time
would you bo likely to lose some of them
as a result of things they saw?
Would they see cleanly dressed milk
ers In n clean barn, milking from
clean cows Into clean palls? Or would
they see another picture which need
not be drawn but which Ip all too com
mon, even In these days of Improved
dairy methods n picture whose re
flection Is the layer of sediment which
tho consumer will see If he holds up n
bottle of milk from such n dairy and
looks at the bottom of It?
Keep Out the Germs.
Ordinary common-sense rules of
cleanliness at milking time will do
much to prevent contamination of
milk by the easiest ways. Unless
considerable care Is taken, large num
bers of bacteria may find their way
Into the milk during tho process of
milking. Cows should be milked In
clean, well-lighted stables. By taking
great pains It may be possible to pro
duce good milk In a dark or dirty
stable, but It Is extremely Improbuble
that the average dairyman will obtain
desirable product under such con
ditions. Grooming und feeding tho cows, ns
well as cleaning the stable and remov
ing the manure, should not he done
Just before milking, as these opera
tions fill the air with odors, dust, and
bacteria which may contaminate the
milk.
After grooming and before milking,
iho udders, flnnks and bellies of, tho
cows should bo carefully wiped with
a damp cloth to remove any dust or
loose hairs which might fall into tho
pall. In some dairies where milk con
taining an exceptionally small number
f bacteria Is produced, the cows ud
ders are washed twice In clean water
and then wiped with a clnan cloth.
Only those persons who are free from
SMALL-TOP MILK
PAILS KEEP OUT
HARMFUL GERMS.
In modern dairies where clean
milk Is produced the small-top
milk pnll Is n necessity, as it
presents only a small opening
Into which dust and dirt may
fall from the air or from the
cow's body. It has been found
I
I
by experience that the use of a
f pall of this kind greatly reduces
the number of bacteria In milk
j from dnlrles where It is used.
Many types of milk palls are for 1.
sale, but any tinner by the add!- j
i tlon of a hood can convert any
ordinary pail iuto a small-top $
i im"- 1
communicable disease should be al
lowed to handle or even enter the
stable or dairy house.
Clean Clothec for Milker.
After the cows are prepared for
milking, each milker should thorough
ly wash his hands nnd put on clean
overalls and a Juniper or wear a suit,
preferably white, which Is used for no
other purpose. The suit miist ho kept
clean and occasionally sterilized with
titonm or hot water. Sanitary small
top nilUe palls should be used.
Milkers should bo allowed to milk
CLEAN MILK IS
MOST DESIRABLE
and Milk Supply
Milkers, Clean Cows, Clean Barn,
Pall.
only with dry hands. The practice of
wetting the hands with milk is n filthy
one and In the winter Is likely to
cause the teats to chap. Milking
should he done quickly nnd thoroughly
with no violent Jerking of .the teats.
After each cow's milk Is drawn It
should be removed Immediately to the
milk house.
The milker should remember always
that he Is handling a human food
which Is very easily contaminated.
Soap, clean water, and towels must
he readily accessible nnd the hands
should bo washed after milking each
cow; this Is commonly done on many
flrst-clnss dairy farms. Tho use of a
clean milking stool will do much to
prevent soiling tho hands.
Poison Stock's Fly Enemies.
By poisoning with arsenic tho car
casses of largo animals which cannot
be promptly burned or burled, largo
numbers of flies which are capable of
serious Injury to meat-producing ani
mals can be killed. Dead carcasses
should be partly skinned, the flesh
slashed, and a solution of one pound
of white arsenic boiled In Ave gallons
of water should bo applied freely.
After a few days the carcass may bo
turned over and tho other side treated
similarly. After It has thus served as
n poisoner, tho carcass should be
burned or burled.
gxSx3xSS$$m
GIVE PIG PLACE IN THE SUN.
llcmember this In making your
piggery ready for tho spring
war litters: A little pig loves
sunshine and needs it almost as
much us he needs food. No
piggery Is fit for tho purpose un
less It admits direct sunshine
onto the floor of every pen at
the time the pigs aro farrowed,
furnishes plenty of fresh air
and provides exercise In the
open air. Dryness, sunshine,
warmth, fresh al?, freedom
from drafts and exercise aro of
primary Importance in raising
pigs. These secured, tho Job is
half done. In putting up build-
fj Ings the six requirements Just
X mentioned must bo kept con
f stantly In mind. Not one can
bo neglected.
Ideal Site for Dairy.
Whenever possible the cow stablo
should bo on high ground with good
nntural drainage. Poultry houses, hog
sheds, manuro piles or surroundings
which pollute the stablo air nnd fur
nish breeding places for flies should
not be near the cow stable. The silo
may be connected with the stablo by n
feed room, but It should bo shut off by
a tight door. This Is convenient nnd
also prevents silage odors In the stu
blo except at feeding time. After the
silage has been fed, the stable can be
thoroughly aired before tho next milk
ing period.
An ideal site for a harnynrd is a
south slope which drains away from
the stablo. If tho barnyard Is Inclined
to be muddy, It should bo Improved
by drainage and by the use of cinders
or gravel. A clean yard is n great
neip in Keeping tne cows inin uecom
Ing dirty with mud nnd manure.
Pure Air for Pure Milk.
Every cow stable should have n
system of ventilation to keep the air
fresh and pure nnd tho cows com
fortable without exposing them to In
jurious drnfts. Had odors In tho
stable indicate that the ventilation Is
deficient. At least fiOO cubic feet of
air spaco should bo provided for each
cow. Farmers who desire to provido
proper ventilation In cow stables can
obtain Information on this point by
applying to the dairy division of tho
united states department of agrlcul
turo.
Loss From Lightning.
By far the greater nart of an nnmml
loss In tho United States of $8,000,000
from Hgljtnlng Is In tho rural dis
tricts, points out a farm flro preven
tion bulletin of tho United States do.
I purtnient of agriculture.
PRESIDENT SETS $2.20 A BUSHEL
FOR NEXT SEASON'S CROP.
WILL STIMULATE PLANTING
Halts Pending Legislation Which
Checked Flow of Grain to Market
Rcllea on Farmers' Loyalty.
Washington, Feb. 20. A prlco of
rnnn t,....t...i .1... ......... ....
year's crop was fixed by President
llson for the coming season's wheat
yield. The prlco Is for No. 1 northern
spring wheat nt Chicago, with a scalo
of differentials for other markets.
In fixing a prlco now for the now
crop, which will not be harvested un
til June, the president was believed to
havo had two objects In view. Tho
first was to halt legislation pending in
congress to fix prices at from $i!.'25 to
$3, and tho other was to stlmulnto
spring planting.
Tho Introduction of tho prlco rais
ing bills had begun to check tho flow
of wheat to market and food adminis
tration ofllcinls feared that mills soon
would havo to closo down. Hoping tho
legislation would pass, farmers, It Is
declared, have been refusing to sell
at the present prlco of $2.20.
In enacting tho food law, congress
put a guaranteed price of $2 on next
season's crop and this has boen con
strued as n minimum price. To draw
wheat to market tho president fixed
n price of $2.20 on last season's
yield nnd. It had this effect until tho
prlco rnlslng bills were Introduced.
Then tho flow began to stop.
Food administration ofllcinls havo
declared that If tho bill passed tho
government would be forced to ralao
present prices to the new levels and
that to do so would upset tho food
administration's flour nnd bread pro
cram. On tho basis of No. 1 northern
Bpring wheat nnd Its equivalents tho
prlco at Omnha will be $2.15; at
Knnsas City, $2.15, and n vnrlntlon of
from $2 to ?2i8 n bushel at other Im
portant markets of tho country.
President Wilson counted, he snld,
"on the loyalty with which farmers
will accept the present decision," nnd
to aid them in their work ho ox
pressed hope thnt "local draft exemp
tion boards will make tho now
classifications with n view, to lighten
ing the load upon the farmers to tho
utmost extent."
The prlco fixed, tho president said,
"assures a reasonable profit, even If
tho war would end within the yenr
,'and the Inrgo stores of grain In sec
tlons of the world now. cut off from
transportation should again come Into
competition."
Had Goods On Goldman.
Washington, Feb. 20. Letters, indi
cating that Alexander Berkmnn nnd
Emma Goldman were co-operating
with Har Dayal, the German spy and
Indian revolution propagandist, boforo
they wero sent to prison for violating
the draft law, wero made public by
Attorney-General Gregory, In answer
to radical protests against the imprls
onment of the anarchist leaders.
There wero two letters, dated October
20, October 20, 1015. and both urged
Berkmnn to send over to Ilollnnd com
rndes to help In the movement for a
revolution In Indin.
Russ Accept German Yoke.
London, Feb. 20. Tho bolshovlk
government of Russia hns acceded to
tho demands of Germany and an
nounced Its readiness to accept the
hard pence terms which Germany has
laid down, according to dlspntches
from Petrognul. The reports state
that Itussla Is Immediately to send a
delegation to Brest-Litovsk, there to
discuss with German representatives
the llnel details of the peace and sign
tho compnet.
Army Officer Gets Long Prison Term
New York. Feb. 20. Captain Davlc
A. Ilcnkes, Kith Infantry, U. S. A,
has been sentenced to dismissal from
the service and confinement at hard
labor for 25 years, by a general court-
martial held at Governor's Island
HcnkcH, who Is German descent, en
deavored to resign his commission
faying he did not cure to light ngalns
felntlves and friends.
Liner Wrecked In Blizzard.
St. Johns. N. V., Feb. 20. The crack
Bed Cross liner Floiizol, from St,
Johns for New York, by way of Nail
fax, with HO persons aboard, Includ
Ing seventy-eight passengers, was
piled up on the ledges nenr Cape
Baee during a blizzard Sunday, and
It Is believed that all on board wero
lost.
Extend Priority to Farm Supplies
St. Paul. Fel). 20. Farmers of the
northwest and middle west received
special consideration by the govern
ment when tho grnln priority order
was, modi lied so that farm Implements
Incubators, egg cases and egg fillers
may be shipped,
Tho 11 states In which such ship
monts may now he, made are MInne
notu, Iowa, North and South Dakota
Montana, Oklahoma, Missouri, Nebras
liii, Illinois, Wisconsin and Kansas.
THE SIBERIAN TIGER.
"From far up north in another land
did I come," said tho Siberian Tiger.
"And I enme with you," said Mrs.
Siberian Tiger from her cage nexi
door.
"I came, too," snld Master Slherltfe.
Tiger.
Now, Sir. Tiger was always called
plain Tiger, nnd ho liked that bel
ter than any other nnme. It seem
ed strong and simple to him. These
fancy names should he given only to
fcreaturos who wero delicate und fra
gile, ho thought.
"The reason I am jso big," said Tiger,
"Is becauso I have lived in such a cold
climate. And how I havo loved It.
"Tigers who are born down hero In
the zoo don't know what It Is like to bo
the tiger of tho biggest size and kind
that comes.
"Tho cold weather makes us grow.
They think It's winter here, but good
ness I They don't know what winter
m'ans."
Mr. Tiger looked far out beyond his
cage. A few people wero watching
him, but not mnuy, for It-was very
cold. They could not bear staying
outside. They wanted to look nt the
animals who wero Indoors.
Tiger gazed far over the heads of
the people who did watch him. lie
didn't enre for them at till I lie know
of a land they had never been to, he
was sure of that. And he knew Of
great and wild ndventurcs such as
would havo made their blood run cold.
Oh, how much ho knew of another
life, far, far awny from the zoo nnd
Its cages and its keepers and Its chil
dren who watched a fellow ns though
ho were peculiar, when he simply was
very fine und noble.
"They say," continued Tiger to Mrs.
Tiger and Master Tiger, who were in
cages on cither side of him, "that there
are no tigers who grow to the size
that wo do. Look now at my coat of
thick, shaggy hair. Isn't It beautiful?
That's what a real winter hns done
for me, several real winters.
"They look at me, these people, nnd
they shiver as they say to them
selves, 'llow can those tigers live out
In their yards?'
"And they "ask the keeper If wo
won't freeze to death.
"Tho keeper has more senso than
most people. He knows that wo want
to bo out of doors all the time. That
Is why our cages nrc out-of-door
cages. He has heard something of our
life whore we came from. And ho
tries to give us the same as neurly as
he can."
"He would never put us Inside,
would he?" usked Master Tiger.
"Would ho have tho Impudence and
Impertinence to do such a thing?"
asked Mrs. Tiger, In such a cross, loud
Mrs. Tiger's Eyes Were Very Angry
Looking.
roaring voice that a number of people
flocked to her yard to look at her.
Mrs. Tiger's eyes wero very angry
looking. If she thought for a moment
(hat anyone would put her Indoors
sho would cat them up, yes she would.
She roared so loudly that Mr. Tiger
couldn't make himself heard. Muster
Tiger began i oaring, too. "I wouldn't
stand It, 1 wouldn't," he roared.
"They think they can look ut us, and
then they don't consider us," said Mrs
Tiger, who was becoming angrier all
tho time.
"It's so tiresome the way they look
nt us," said Master Tiger. "I suppose
they will move us Indoors bo tender,
delicate, silly people won't get cold."
"There Is no use In getting so ex
cited," said Mr. Tiger. "You ure both
working, yourselves up over nothing,
No one will put us Inside, because we
couldn't and wouldn't keep our beauty
then. And we'ro famous for our size.
out fine looks nnd our shnggy coats.
"We'd lose all these If they took us
Inside, and we nro the prizes of tho
whole zoo. No animals are as hand
some."
"That's so," said Mrs. Tiger.
"It Is indeed," agreed Master Tiger,
And then, for a time, they wero
quiet for tigers us tho keeper threw
Into their yards some big pieces of raw
meat, and they thought of nothing else
except their food!
Set a High Value on Life.
Life Is Itself a great, grand opportu
nlty. See that you do not undervalue
It. A great many people, both old
nnd young, uct as If their only object
was to pass tho days somehow or oth
er. Wake every morning with the
thought that within the next few hours
something Important is to happen
something lasting la to bo accomplish
ed. Life Is great and Its opportunities
are sublime. The fault Is In us, If wo
can sec nothing but the commonplace,
Girl's Corapanlou.
ROT
The Housewife aid the War
(Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture.)
WHEN MEAT TAKES A HOLIDAY.
' - V;' " yv . , uf 1
Meat and Other Foods You Can Eat for Protein Cheese, Beans, Milk
Eggs, Bread.
OLD FOODS TAKE
PLACE OF MEATS
Eat Substitutes Occasionally and
You Save Fighting Material
for Army.
ALUE OF COTTAGE CHEESE
pne-Thlrd Cupful Equals One-Fourth
Pound of Sirloin Steak In Protein
Cupful of Baked Beans la
Another Equivalent
INSTEAD OF MEAT.
Cheese.
Milk.
Eggs.
Beans.
Peas.
Cereals.
Nuts.
Why not use them oftener?
There are numerous good ways
of cooking them. They give you
the body-building material for
which you eat meat largely
protein and a lot of It
Meat Is only one of tho foods which
furnish that body-bulldlng material,
protein. Cheese, milk, eggs, beans,
peas, cereals, and nuts contain it In
plentiful amounts. Take cottao
cheese, for example. It Is richer In
protein thnn meat. You can eat a
third of a cupful of It with relish, and
this third of n cupful will give you
as much of the protein ns a quarter
of a pound of sirloin steak a good,
generous serving. Or If you Hko baked
beans cat n cupful to get the samo
umount of protein. Tho child to grow
must hnve food that furnishes this kind
of body-bulldlng material. You need
it, too. Even If you are grown up you
must have It to renew parts of your
body used up by work and exorcise.
Eat meat substitutes occasionally,
and you save a lighting material. Peas,
beans, peanuts, and cereals are cheap
er than meats and sood to eat. They
should be used, but cut some milk or
cheese besides. Ilere ure some sug
gestions :
Kidney Bean Stew.
iVi cupfuls drlea 'i tublcspoonfula
kidney or other flour.
beans. 1 onion.
2 cupfuls canned 1 tablcspoonful
tomatoes. salt.
cupful rice.
Wash the beans, put In covered ket
tle, nnd soak overnight in two quarts
of cold water. Cook the beans slowly
In the wuter In which they soaked.
If necessary, add raoro water to cover
and continue the cooking until they
aro nearly tender, usually about two
hours. Wash the rice, cut up the
onion nnd add with tho tomatoes to
tho beans. Cook until rlco Is tender
about 80 minutes. Mix the Hour with
a little cold water andtstlr In careful
ly to thicken. A small piece of salt
pork cut up In cubes and added to the
beans at tho beginning of tho cooking
gives a pleasant flavor to tho dish.
This stew will mako a wholo meal
In Itself, with bread and butter und
fruit for desert, to serve live or six
people.
Pea 8ouffle.
I tables poonfuls 3 eggs,
flour. 1 teaspoonful Bait.
2 tables poonfuls Vi teaspoonful pep-
rut, por.
1 cupful skim milk. Few drops of onion
1 cupful mashed juice,
cooked peas (any
kind).
Mako a white sauco from floor, fnt
ami milk, as In preceding recipe. Mash
the cooked peas to pulp. Beat whlto
mid yolks of eggs separately. Mix
vegetable pulp, seasonings, sauco and
wcll-lumten yolks. Fold In stlflly-beat-en
whites, put In grensed baking dish
and bake In slow oven until linn. Lima
beans, split peas, cowpeas, or fresh
or canned green peas may be UBed.
Cheese, milk, eggs, and meat give
body-building material In a little bet
ter form than tho plant foods do.
Creamed Peanuts and Rice.
1 cupful rice (un- 8 t a b 1 e a pooi)f ula
cooked), flour.
2 cupfuls chopped 3 tables pootirulu
peanuts. fat. '
i teaspoonful pap- 3 cupfuls milk
rlka. (wholo or skim).
2 tcnspoonfuls salt.
White Sauco.
Roll rlco. Mnke white sauce by mix
ing flour In melted fat nnd mixing with
milk. Stir over fire until It thickens.
Mix rlco, pennuts and seasoning with
sauce, plnco in greased baking dish
and bake for 20 minutes.
Calcutta Rice.
2 cupfuls rlco. Mi pound cheese.
2 cupfuls tomatoes, i tablespoonful salt.
Poppers and celery or onions may be
added If desired.
Boll rice. Mix it with tomatoes,
grated chceso nnd seasonings, and pour
Into baking dish. Bake half nn hour.
If peppers or celery are used, cut up
nnd boll with tho rice.
All of these four dishes except the
pea soufllo havo as much building ma
terial, protein, ns a pound und n quar
ter of solid meat. The pea souffle fur
nishes only about half ns much protein,
but Is very good Instead of meat at u
lighter meal.
Nuts nro concentrated foods, too.
Twenty single peanuts nro about the
same ns tho Inch cube of cheese. He
member that nuts are good food. Chow
them thoroughly or grind them up for
a cooked dish nnd cat them as nn Im
portant pnrt of your meal.
More Uses for Toast.
Saving stulo bread by making It Into
toast Is nn economy. In many fami
lies, toast Is served only for breakfast,
luncheon, or supper, but tho custom
which many high-grade restaurants
huvo adopted of serving thin, crisp,
hot toast with tho more substantial
meals might well bo followed at home.
Such dishes as chopped meat with
gravy, creamed chicken or fish, poach
ed eggs, melted cheese, cooked' aspara
gus, Swiss chard, baked tomatoes, etc.,
are served very commonly on tonst.
Cream or milk tonst (that Is, toast with
a cream sauco or milk gravy, perhaps
flavored with a very little chipped
beef, salt llsh, or other savory) may
ho used nt tho main dish ut breakfast,
luncheon, or supper. Slices of toast
may also be dipped In water or milk
and beaten egg and lightly browned on
a hot greused pan. It may bo used at
breakfast, and has the advantage of
making tho eggs "go further" than If
used In a sepnrate dish, or It may be
served with clnunmon und sugur, sirup,
or uny sweet sauco for dessert.
Egg Toast
6 slices bread. 1 cupful milk, skim
1 egg. mltk or water.
U teaspoonful salt.
Beat the egg, nnd add tho liquid and
salt. Let the bread soak in the mix
ture until slightly soft. Then fry to
a light brown on a hot, woll-greused
pan or griddle. More eggs may be
used If available.
CHEE8E IS A FINE MEAT
SAVER. !
There's a great deal of food
In a little piece of It Don't
eat It at the end of a meal when
you have already had enough.
You wouldn't eat a piece of
meat then. An Inch cube of
American cheese contains a third
more protein than a piece of
lean meat of the same size.
Cheese Is excellent food If eat
en at the right time. Get from
tho United States Department of
Agriculture the Farmers' Bulle
tin on cheese, No. 487, to learn
how to use It in many ways.
$$tKSxSx$
Citric Acid From Cull Lemons.
Tho production of citric acid on n
commercial scale from cull lemons has
been solved by the United States De
partment of Agriculture, Citric acid
prepared in this wny has been sold nt
a price several cents above tho mar
ket, Orange pulp for the manufacture
of marmalado has been prepared and
methods' for preparing citrus peel for
the market, developed by tho United
States Bureuu of Chemistry.
'7S
