THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
-3, . .
The Housewife and the War
r7
Helping the Meat and Milk Supply
TWpjGHT
(Spoclal Information Service, United States Department of Ajrlculturo.)
BE PREPARED FOR THE WAR LITTERS
(Bpeclal Information Scrvlrc, Unltoil States Department of Agriculture.)
POTATOES, 42,536,000 BUSHELS EAT THEM.
OTTO H. KAHN, AMERICAN
Prompt Attention to Pigs at Birth Will Prevent Heavy Losses From Weather
and Give the Young Porkmakers a Good Start.
AIM TO REDUCE
PIG MORTALITY
Serious Attention Demanded at
Farrowing Tims to Save
Litters This Year.
FEEDING SOWS IS IMPORTANT
Get Plans of Practicable Hog House
From Federal or State Sources
Good Quarters Are One of
Best Investments.
Save the war litters!
Every owner of a brood sow, wheth
er ho lives on a large farm and has
many, or whether he is a suburbanite
and owns one, should feel a personal
responsibility to see that the pig lit
ters born this spring are received
with the utmost care. Tiiat means the
matter of providing proper housing
for the brood sows, and their young
should havo Immediate attention. Sav
ing every pig possible In order that
one of the most urgent wnr needs of
the nation more pork can bo sup-
plied, should be the aim of every man
who owns hogs.
The high mortality among young
pigs In some parts of the country can
bo materially reduced if proper hous
ing and feed are provided for the sows.
Investigations of the mortality among
pigs on the reclamation projects show
that approximately one-third of the
pigs born die before reaching the wean
ing age. Losses on several northern
projects last season were even above
this average because of a severe sea
son. According to one Investigation
which covered about llfty herds, repre
senting 030 brood sows, the average
loss was about 33 per cent, while some
farmers lost 50 to 70 per cent of the
pigs.
Death Rate Is Large.
That the average death rate of
young pigs, not only on the projects,
but elsewhere, is unnecessurlly large,
and that losses are In a large measure
PERSONAL ATTENTION TO
PIGS WILL REDUCE
HIGH MORTALITY.
Faithful, personal attention to
the sows at farrowing time, even
though It means long hours of
hard work by dny and by night,
is the only assurance that the
1018 war litters can be made to
reach the necessary high aver
age. The hog grower wl.o is on
the Job at this season will be
able to save the lives of many
pigs that might otherwise perish
In passing through the hazards
of the llrst few days. In ex
tremely cold weather the pigs
will be In danger of chilling un
less the hog house Is heated.
To remedy this, place a few
heated bricks in the bottom of
a basket or small box. Cover
with chaff or straw and put a
cloth over the top to keep in
the heat. Unless the sow ob
jects too seriously the pigs may
be rubbed dry with a soft cloth
and placed in a receptacle as
fast as they arrive. The de
tails of attention which the sow
and the pigs need nt farrowing
time are set fctfth In a recently
revised publication of the Unit
ed States Department of Agri
culture, '"Swine Management,"
Fanners' Bulletin 874.
i
preventable, is the belief of the ofll
'eluls of the department of agriculture.
To remedy this situation in time to
proyent hevy losses In the next pig
'crop, the department urges immediate
I preparation along two l'ues provid
ing satisfactory houses for the brood
animals .at farrowing time and better
mi1 gi" till ur.d feeding of the sows
4- 'JV-A
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PIG WEARS A SCANT COAT;
PROTECT HIM FROM COLD.
It is still hard for many farm
ers to get rid of the notion that
anything is good cnougli for
hogs, yet there 1$ no animal on
the farm which requires better
protection from the cold thnn
the hog ; none for which u good
bed Is more necessary ; and none
so much In need of 'sunshine as
the little pig. The horse and
the cdw have good coats of hair
even a calf or colt left In the
cold Is provided with a good
fur coat; the hens' feathers are
the best of protection against
low temperature, but the hog
has almost nothing between his
skin and the weather. One of
the first requlsltesi for success
with hogs Is a shelter where
young pigs can be, kept warm
and well supplied with sunshine
and fresh air. A little pig takes
cold very easily and recovers
slowly If nt nil. To prevent tak
ing cold he must be kept dry,
warm, away from drafts and
provided with fresh air. There
is a publication of the United
Stntes department of agricul
ture which tells how to provide
quarters that will give hogs,
both young and old, all the com
forts they need. It Is Farmers'
Bulletin 438, "Hog Houses." If
you hnve the welfare of pigs or
hogs In your charge, send for It.
2(ji,2..j..ii,.2i.,.2(,jiij.R((j.(tijj.(j,(..i2(ij,
both before and after the pigs are
born.
It has been found that the larger
losses usually occur on farms where
the housing facilities are poor. In
one investigation It was learned that
where good hog houses were used,
the average number of pigs raised in
n litter was 5, while on fnrms where
the housing was poor the average num
ber reared from each litter wns only
31-10. The average saving, therefore
where good houses were used, amount
ed to more than two pigs to the litter.
There are many kinds of satisfac
tory hog houses which can be built at
comparatively low cost. Anyone of
these will soon pay for Itself in the in
creased number of pigs saved. Both
the Individual house and the colony
hog house have u place on the hog
farm. Both give very satisfactory re
sults If they are properly constructed.
If only one can be had the colony
hous usually Is to be preferred, es
pecially where a large number of sows
are to be kept. The farrowing period
usually extends over several weeks If
there are many sows. In such cases
each pen In the house may be used for
two or more sows during the period.
Assuming that t'fo sows use n pen and
that by reason of he satisfactory quar
ters provided two additional pigs arc
saved In each litter, it would not bo
long until the hog house paid for It
self, flood quarters are one of the
best Investments the swine grower can
make.
Satisfactory Houses.
The satisfactory hog house provides
warmth, dryness, abundance of light,
ventilation, sanitation, and comfort.
To meet these requiVements the bouse
need not be expensive. As a matter of
fuel, many expensive hog houses are
not satisfactory, because they do not
possess all these requirements, while
many less expensive ones properly
planned and built give excellent satis
faction. lnforjuntl()ii as to detnlls and
suggested plans of buildings may be
obtained from field representatives of
the department of agriculture or from
the stnto agricultural colleges.
The care given the brood sow, es
pecially In her feeding, Is equally Im
portant, nelp on this point can be ob
tnlnert from bulletins which state ag
ricultural colleges or the U. 8. depart
ment of agriculture will furnish.
Hold to Breeding Stock.
Every farmer should hold fast to his
breeding stock and rnlne two litters of
pigs a year from each brood s-nv. This
Is tho patriotic thing to do, and wlil
doubtless prove highly prolltcKc r.a
well.
Otto II. Knhn, hend of the New
York banking house of Kulm, Locb &
Co., has been making a few campaign
speeches in the West on behalf of the
United States.
Among other things, he advocated
the Immediate creation of a war
llnance board ; he Issued a warning to
the "militant bolshevlkl" of the coun
try to tho effect that the American
temper would not stand trifling; and,
declaring that Germany had deliber
ately planned the war, made an ap
peal to Americans of German birth
to not merely do their duty for the
United States, but to let their loyalty
take nctlve form.
Mr. Knhn himself Is of German
Wrth. He was a British subject
through naturalization, and last
March, after having lived In New
York 24 years, became an American
citizen.
He wns born In Mnnnhclm, Ger
many, In 1807, and served for a year in the army as a hussar. On his dis
charge ho made n special study of finance nnd banking and spent several
years in the banking establishment of his father, Bcrnnrd Knhn. He then
went to London, where he wan for five yenrs connected with the London
branch of the Deutsche bank, tv'id where life was so pleasant that he re
nounced his native land and b'.cnme n subject of the British crown. Even
Until recent years his British connections were close, nnd only five years ago
he was selected as tho conservative candidate for parliament for the Gorton
division of Lancashire. Ho declined tho honor becnuse, ho said, ho had no
time to devoto to politics.
SOPHIA, TROUBLE MAKER
silv Ms '4
stmggled In behalf of the kaiser's cause since the wnr began. And there Is
no reason to doubt thnt she will continue to employ her amazing energies for
the same cause.
The evil which Queen Sophia did to tho cause of the allies was incalcul
ably great. For nenrly three years sho upset all their plans. She forced her
husband to violate the Greek constitution, she overrode the will of tho people
ns expressed ty their suffrages and she drove Greece's greatest statesman,
Eloutherios Venizelos, Into exile.
OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN'S WIT
When Oscar Hammersteln. the
veteran opera Impresario, fell ill re
cently there wns dismay among his
countless friends; and when It was
announced thnt he was recovering
from an operation the rejoicing was
general.
Although best known to the pub
lic ns a manager and builder of places
of amusement, to those who know him
personally his wit, humor, ready
repartee, and sometimes biting sar
casm, stand out above all else in his
character.
He had occasion at one time to
discharge u man in Montreal who bad
been drawing a lnrgc salary for col
lecting royalties for 1dm on his cigar
machines. This employee wrote him a
very caustic letter and wound up with,
"In my opinion you are a buffoon."
Oscar sent him this reply by special
delivery: "Mv Dear August: Come
now, you don't mean buffoon, you
mean buffet. You've been eating off me for live years. August was stumped.
Once he was coming downtown in a crowded Broadway car. The con
ductor stopped and looked down at him and said: "Did I get your fare?"
Like a shot came back the answer: "I guess you did, I didn't see you ring it
up for the company."
OUR NATIONAL DETECTIVE
title has never bothered Monui. As a matter of fact he has been virtually the
head of fho service In Washington for the last ten years.
You might pass Mr. Moran In the street without g"ttlng uny other Impres
sion than that he wus a wiry little Irisl'iuon attending strictly to business. It
I, - v;." vcrv Intent on business Ik might be smoking a corncob plp II ' it
H't i.t i ' V In h' a I'Kitn ixrcpt In the way of getting results.
If one were to ask a European to
name the one woman who has done tho
greatest injury to the cause of the al
lies, he would name, nine times out of
ten, ex-Queen Sophia of Greece; and
he "would add that there Is no other
woman In a position to continue ener
getically the work of Impairing tho
allied cause. 'Despite the expulsion of
tho Prusslun princess from Greece,
with her husband, King Constantino,
and all her children, except Alexander,
now king of the Hellenes, she is not by
any menus regarded as at the end of
her career.
As a trouble maker Sophia's name
has become a household word, has in
deed passed Into n proverb, In most
countries in Europe.
In France tho queen's name is
used for Invidious comparisons, and
even in Greece it Is used slurrlngly.
"With almost demoniacal fury this 1
daughter of the Uohenzollcrns has
i mir m
"Ills training and experience hnve
admirably fitted him to undertake the
Important work of chief," said Secre
tary of the Treasury McAdoo In an
nouncing the appointment of W. II.
Moran as head of the secret service of
the United States.
Practically idl Mr. Moran's life has
been given to the study and active
work demanded by u service that Is un
like any other and that has developed
Into a complicated and responsible ami
of the government. Ho entered tin
service December 1, 1882, as n mes'
senger, although; ho was carried on the
olllce records under that heading mere
ly as a irfhttcr of routine for long ufte;
he had demonstrated thnt he was o
other material than that required fo
messengers.
His next title was that of nsslstaut
operative, which meant that he waj
helping to run down criminals and ex
posing their methods. The matter of
S.-;:
New Ways May Help You Consume
a Potato Plo (Left) or Potato
EAT LIBERALLY
OF POTATO CROP
War Duty to Save Large Yield of
Tubers by Eating Them.
40W ALL PEOPLE CAN HELP
Heavy Loss of Thib Perishable Food
May Result If Americans Do Not
Use It More Liberally Less
Bread Is Needed.
You may know it already, but It will
bear repetition now when It Is im
portant that everybody eat liberally of
the big potato crop ; that potatoes are
an excellent food for your body ; that
they are good fuel ; that one medium
sized potato gives you as much starch
us two slices of bread ; that, like other
vegetables, they give you salts which
you need to build nnd renew all tho
parts of your body and keep it in order.
Potatoes furnish starch which burns
In your muscles to let you work, much
ns tho gasoline burns In an nutomoldlo
engine to make the car go. When you
have potatoes for a meal you need less
bread. Potatoes can save wheat.
An old king is said to havo tested
each cook before hiring him by asking
.. f
BAVb A LITTLE
SUGAR TODAY.
Use Sweet Fruits.
Sugar consumption in mnny
households can be easily lowj
ercd not only by giving prefer
ence to dishes which contain lit
tle sugar or with which sugar
Is not usually served, but also
by tho use of sweet fruits. For
Instance, fresh fruits or baked
apples may servo instead of
sweet puddings, or a salad In
place of dessert. Sweet, dried
fruits such as dates, raisins or
llgs served with brenkfaBt ce
reals will reduce tho sugar
needs.
him to boll a potato. Even tho best
potato can be spoiled by a poor cook.
To boil them so thnt they will bo "lit
fot n king," drop the impeded potatoes
Into boiling suited water and cook 20
to HO minutes. Drnln tho wnter off at
once. If tlwey are cooked too long or
allowed to stand In tho water they
get soggy.
Peeling Is Wasteful.
If you peel tho potatoes before cook
ing them you will wuste time nnd po
tatoes both. You may throw away a
sixth or even u quarter of the good
part of tho potato witli the skins. Also,
If the potatoes aren't covered up by
tho skins while cooking, some of tho
valuable material will soak out Into
the water. Even very small potatoes
can be economically used, If they ure
boiled In their skins.
For best maslicd potatoes: Peel the
boiled potatoes, mush and beat until
very light, adding salt, butter or oleo
margarine and hot milk, u hnlf cup of
milk to six potatoes.
Potato Sausages.
I cupful mashed po- 1H tcuspooonfuU
tutoea. eait.
1 cupful ground teaspoonful pep.
nuto, IIbIi, or meat. per.
I well beaten. Salt pork, bacon, or
other fut.
Mix tho mnshed potatoes and sen
sonlngs with the ground nuts, llsh or
meat. Add ?eaten egg. Form Into
little cakes of sausages, roll In flour
und pluco in jjrensed pun with a small
ply.'o of fat or salt pork on each sun
-2 wscawis
Your Share of This Plentiful Food Try
Puffs (Right) as Described Below.
st' 'i '1 t t t -fr f"fr 't 't' $ t i' $ 'I 'I 't
POTATOES 28 WAYS
DO YOU KNOW OTHERS?
It Is said that there are more T
than 100 wnys to cook potatoes,
from the. primitive (and still I
probably fho best) methods of 4
boiling or baking with tho skins
on, to tho most complex und
seasoned -dishes, ncro are some
of tho ways known to tho
United States department of ag
riculture, nnve you tried them
all, or do you know about us
mnny more?
Boiled
.Chips
Lyonnniso
Mashed
Plain fried
French fried
Gnuffre .
Soufllo
Pan browned Bleed
7
Snlad
In chowders
Baked
In -hash v
Biscuits
Suuto
Creamed
4, onui'Hiruigs urcamen
r,t
y Hashed brownCroquettes
Mashed frie'd Au grntln
t Stuffed Soups
A In flsh cakes Iti stews
T In light brendln meat pie crust
A
4"?4,MM' t' 'fr ,I'4tM4"t,f't'4"'V4,4"i'
page. Bake In a fnirly hot oven until
brown.
Scalloped Potatoes and Cheese.
Arrange n layer of sliced raw or
boiled potatoes in greased baking dish
nnd sprinkle with grated cheese and a
little flour. Repeat until dish Is near
ly full. Pour milk over tho whole,
ubout one-half cupful to every three
potatoes. Skim milk is good. Bake
In n moderate oven until done. The
length of time required depends upon
whether tho potatoes are raw or
boiled nnd whether the baking dish
used id deep or shallow, Boiled pota
toes baked In n shallow dish will take
only 20 minutes. Raw potatoes In a
deep dish may take as much as one
und one-half hours.
Potato Puffs.
teaspoonful salt
1 cupful hot mashed nnd a dash of pap
potatoes, well sea- rika.
soned. . U teasnooDful pnre-
1 eng. ley, chopped fine.
Beat yolk Into the mashed potatoes
nnd add seasonings. Bent the white
of egg very stiff and fold into tho po
tatoes. Drop by spoonfuls on n grenscd
pun and bake until a golden brown.
Shepherd's Pie.
Grease n baking dish ; cover the bot
tom with mashed potatoes. Add
minced meat or fish seasoned well
nnd mixed with the thickened meat
stock or with white snuce. Pile the
mnshed potntoes lightly over the top
to cover. Bnke In oven 20 to 80
minutes until n delicate brown on top.
f RECORD POTATO CROP MUST f
uonauMED on WASTED
Our potato crop Inst year Is
estlmnted to hnve been 442,630,
000 bushels the largest ever
produced In the United States.
This crop ennnot bo cnrrled over
the 1018 season. It must bo con
sumed or wasted. The food sltu
ntion throughout the world de
munds that It be consumed ef
fectively to relieve the existing
strain on the supply of cereals.
It Is the one great food resource
of tTie Not& upon which there la
now danger of a heavy loss.
The department of agriculture
Is of tho opinion that the situa
tion demands that fnrmers sell
freely; that the larger dealers
move their stocks rapidly; that
tho retailer content himself with
tho smallest possible margin of
profit, realizing that he Is now
tho most Important factor In
speeding up potato consumption ;
and that consumers buy and oat
liberally of this plentiful food