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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 21, 1917)
THE OEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA. ft Hi GERMANY GUILTY OF Atrocious Treatment of the Help less Part of Campaign Plans of Military Leaders. POLICY OF FRIGHTFULNESS (Terrorism Declared a Necessary Prin ciple In National Warfare Bru talities May Be Said to Be Di rectly Attributable to the Emperor Himself. A pamphlet Just Issued by the Com mlttee on Public Information tells of the horrors deliberately and systemat ically inflicted upon the people of Bel alum by the German soldiers, under the orders of their commanding offU eer8. Quotations given are from docu ments already made public or In the possession of the government at Wash ington. For ninny years lenders In every civ ilized nnllon linve been trying to mnkc warfare less lirutnl. The great land marks In this movement nre the Ge nevn and Hague conventions. The for mer miulo rules ns to the enre of the lek nnd wounded nnd established the Red CroRS. At the first meeting nt Ge neva, in 18C4, It wns ngrced, nnd until tlio present wnr It, has been taken for granted, that the wounded, nnd the doc tors nnd nurses who cured for tlietn, would be snfo from nil nttneks by the enemy. The Hague conventions, rnwn up In 1800 nnd 1007, mnde addi tional rules to Roftcn tho usages of wnr and especlnlly to protect nnncombatr Ints nnd conquered lands. Germany look n prominent pnrt In these meet ings, and with tho other nations sol emnly pledged her faith to keep all the rules except one nrtlcle In tho ITiiguo regulations. This was nrtlcle 44. Which forbndo tho conqueror to force any of the conquered to give Informa tion. AH the other rules nnd regula tions she nccepted In the most binding Dinnncr. 11" Germany's military lenders lmd no Intention of keeping these solemn promises. They hiul been trained along different lines. Their lending generals for ninny years hnd been urg ing n policy o frlghtfulness. In the middle of tho nineteenth century Von Clnuscwlts! was looked upon as the greatest military authority, and the methods which ho advocated wcro used by the PrusHlnn nrmy In Its successful by the I'russlnn nrmy In Its successful cnuse theso wars had been successful, the wisdom of Von Cluuscwltz' meth ods seemed to the Prusslnn nrmy to be fully proved. Policy of Frlghtfulness. Now. the essence of Von Clnuscwltz.' tcnchlngs wns that successful war In volves tho ruthless application of force. In the opening chapter of his master work, "Vom Krlcgo" ("On Wnr"), he says: "Violence arms Itself with tho lnven; tlons of nrt nnd science. . . . Self imposed restrictions, nlniost Impercep tible nnd hardly worth mentioning, termed usages of International lnw. nccompnny It without essentially Im pairing Its power. . , . Now, philan thropic souls might enslly Imagine that there Is n skillful method of disarm ing or subduing an enemy without causing too much bloodshed, nnd thnt this Is the true tendency of the nrt of wnr. However plausible this mny np pear, still It Is nn error which must he destroyed; for In such dnngerous things as wnr, the errors which pro ceed from n spirit of 'good-nntured-nets' are precisely tho worst. As the nse of pTiyslcal force to the utmost ex tent by no menns excludes the co operation of the Intelligence, It follows thnt ho who uses forco ruthlessly, with out regard to bloodshed, must obtain a superiority, If his enemy does not bo use It." In 1877-78. In the course of a series of articles upon "Military Necessity nd Humnnlty," Genernl von ITnrtmnnn wrote, In tho same spirit ns Von Chut lowltz: i-. "The enemy stnte must nothespnred tho wnnt nnd wretchedness of war; these are particularly useful in shnt- $ terlng Its energy and subduing Its will." "Individual persons mny be harshly denlt with when nn exnmple Is mnde ft of them, Intended to serve ns n warn- I n WlmiiAunH .. iinMmml ....... llll. " . VI 41 lltllllfllill IU breaks out, terrorism becomes a nee essnrv military principle." "It Is a f gratuitous Illusion to suppose, thnt modern wnr does not demand far more ti brutality, far more violence, nnd nn Action far morn general thnn wns for $ Wierly the case." "When International Pi Wnr huo burst upon us, terrorism be r' eomes a principle made necessary by y . military considerations." ) - "War Established by God." In 1881 Von Moltke, who hnd been wnmnnder In chief of tho Prussian 'ntniv In tho Franco-Prussian war, do- dared : "Perpetual pence Is a dream nnd not I even n beautiful dream. War Is nn cle I' went In tho order of tho world eatab le llshed by God. By It tho most noblo I rirtues of man arc develpped, courage f d renunciation, fidelity to duty; nnd f Jfce spirit of sacrifice the soldier Rives '!' tfs life, Without war, the world would ' Jegenernto and lose Itself In material . mh," "The soldier who endures Biif 'erlng, privation and fatigue, who t iourta dnngers. cannot take only 'In proportion to the resources of the . uuntry. He must take nil thnt Is nee- MAMIES CONDUCT cssnry to his existence. One has no right to demand of him anything super human." "The great good In wur Is thnt It should be ended quickly. In view of this, every means, oxcopt those which are positively condemnnble. must be permitted. I ennnot, In any way. agree with the declaration of St. Petersburg when It pretends thnt 'tin weakening of the military forces of the enemy' constitutes the only legitimate method of procedure In war. No! One must attack nil the resources of the enemy government, his finances, his railroads, his stock of provisions and even his prestige. . . ." Many other exnmples might he cited from the writings of German generals. The very best Illustration of this atti tude, however, Is to ,be found In the emperor's various speeches, and espe cially In his speech to his soldiers on the eve of their departure for China In 1000. On July 27 the kaiser went to Hrcmerhaven to bid farewell to the Oermnn troops. As they were drawn up, ready to embnrk for Chlnn. he ad dressed to them a last official message from the fatherland. The locnl news paper reported his speech In full. In It appeared this advice and admonition from the emperor, the commander In chief of tho army, the head of all Ger many: Soldiers Told to Be Merciless. "As soon ns you come to blows with the enemy he will be benten. No mercy will bo shown I No prisoners will be taken! As the Huns, under King At tlla, made n name for themselves, which Is still mighty In traditions nnd legends today, mny the nnme of Ger man he so (lxed In Chlnn by your deeds, that no Chinese shall ever again dare even to look at a German nsknncc. . . . Open the way for Kultur once for nil." Bvcn tho Imperlnl councilors seem to hnve been shocked at tho emperor's speech, and efforts were promptly made to suppress tho circulation of his exact words. Tho efforts were only partly successful. A few weeks later, when the letters from the German sol diers In China were being published, In local German pnpers, the lending socialist newspaper, . Vorwnerts, ex cerpted from them reports of atroci ties under the tltlo "Letters of the Huns." Many of the leaders In the relchstag felt very keenly the brutality of the emperor's speech. The obnox ious word "Huns" had excited almost universal condemnntlon. When the relchstag met. In November, the speech wns openly discussed. Hcrr Lleber of tho center (Catholic party), after quot ing the "no mercy" portion of the speech, added, "There are, alas, In Ger many groups enough who have regard ed the atrocities told in the letters which hnvo been published as the duti ful response of soldiers so addressed and encouraged." Tho lender of the soclnl democrats, Herr Bcbcl, spoke even more pointedly. Toward the end of a two-hour address on the atrocities committed by tho German soldiers In .CJUna nnd on tho speech of the em peror, he salti: "If Germany wishes to be the bearer of civilization to the world, we will follow without contradiction. But the ways and means In which this world policy has been carried on thus far, In which It has been defined by tho em peror . . . are not, In our opinion, the wny tp preserve the world position of Germany, to gnln for Gormnny the respect of tho world." The consequences of tho emperor's speech Bebel nptly described: "By It the signal wns given, garbed In the highest authority of tho German empire, which must hnve most weighty eonseqliencet), not only for tho troops who went to China but also for thoso who stayed at home. An expedition of revenge so barbarous as this has never occurred In the lust hundred years and not often In history; at least, nothing worse than this has hap pened In history, cither done by the Huns, by the Vnndals, by Genghis Khan, by Tnmerlnne, or even by Tilly when he sacked Mngdeburg." Atrocities In China. These ntrocltles In China or "Letters of the Huns" continued to bo published In the Vorwaerts for several years and appeared Intermittently In tho debates of the relchstag as lato as 1000. At that time tho socialist, nerr Kunert, reviewing tho proceduro In n trial of which he had been the victim In tho previous summer, stated thnt he had offered to prove "that German soldiers In China had engaged In wnnton and brutnl ravaging; thnt plunder, pillage, extortion, robbery, us well us rape and sexual abuses of the. worst kind, had occurred on a very large scale nnd that German soldiers had participated In them." He had not been given nn op portunity to prove his allegations, but had been sentenced to prison for three months for nssnlllng the honor of the "whole Gennnn army." The out rageousness of this sentence was mnde clear by tho revelations, made In the relchstag shortly afterwards, of slml lar atrocities committed by Germnn olllclnls and soldtcrs In Africa In the campalgh against tho Ileroros. These Ideas, which have come to control the minds of the military clnss, nre best shown In the "German War Book" ("Krlegsbrauch Itn Land krlcgo), published In 1002. The tone of this authoritative book may be Judged from the following extracts: Teachings of German War Book. "But since tho tendency of thought In the last century was dominated es sentially by humanitarian considera tions which not Infrequently degene rated Into sentimentality and flabby emotion (Sentlmentulltut und welch Itcher Gcfuhlschwnrmerel), there have not been wanting attempts to Influ ence tho development of the usages of wnr In a wny which wat In funda mental contradiction with the nature of war and Its object. Attempts of this kind will also not bo wanting In the future, the more so ns these agi tations have found t kind of moral recognition In some provisions of tho Geneva convention and tho Brussels and Hague conferences." "By steeping himself In military his tory an olllcer will be able to guard himself against excessive humanitari an notions; It will tench him thnt cer tain severities, are Indispensable to war, nny more, that the only true hu manity very often lies In u ruthless lppllcatlon of them." For the guidance of the ofllcers In case the Inhabitants of conquered ter ritory should tako up arms against the Germnn nrmy, tho "Gorman War Book" quotes with approval the letter Napoleon sent to his brother Joseph, when the Inhabitants of Italy were at tempting to revolt against hlin : "The security of your dominion de ponds on how you behave In the con quered province. Burn down n dozen places which are not willing to sub mit themselves. Of course, not until vou have first looted them; my sol diers must not bo nllowed to go away with their hands empty. Have three to six persons hanged In every village which has Joined the revolt; pay no respect to the cossack" (that Is, to members of the clergy). Officers Trained to Be Savages. Some of the rules laid down In the "Germnn War Book" are Illustrated, and their spirit mnde more definite In "L'Interprete Mllltnlre ztim Gebrnuch Im Felndeslnnd" ("Military Interpreter for Use In the Knomy's Country"). This Is n mnnual edited nt Berlin In 1000. "It contains," says the Intro duction, "the French translation of the grcntcr pnrt of documents, letters, and proclamations, and some orders of which It mny be necessary to mnke use In time of wnr." Thus, eight years before this war began, tho German military authorities were not only pre parlilg their ofllcers to wage war In a manner wholly contrary to The Hague regulations, but also were look- Ing forward to tho use of these proc-, lamatlons In French or Belglnn tcrrl-1 tory. Among Its forms, ready for use by Inserting names, date, and places, are the following: "A fine of 000,000 marks In conse quence of an attempt mode by to assassinate a German soldier, Is Im posed on the town of O. By order of . "Efforts have been made, without result, to obtain tho withdrawal of the fine. "Tho term fixed for payment expires tomorrow, Saturday; December 17, at noon . "Bank notes, cash, or silver plate will be accepted." "I have to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated the 7th of this month, In whjch you bring to my notice the great dllllculty which you expect to meet In levying the contributions. . . . I can but regret the explana tions which you have thought proper to give mo on this subject; the order In question which emnnates from my government Is so clear and precise, and tho Instructions which I have re ceived In tho mntter are so categori cal that If tho sum due by tho town of It Is not paid the town will be burned down without pity 1" Ruthless Destruction Ordered. "On nccount of the destruction of the bridge of F , I order: Tho dis trict shnll pay a special contribution' of 10,000.000 francs by way of amends., Tills Is brought to the notice of the public, who nre Informed thnt thej method of assessment of the said sum) will bo enforced with the utmost se verity. Tho village of F will be destroyed Immediately by fire, withj the exception of certain buildings oc- cupled for the use of the troops." These forms hnvo been of great use to the German commnndors In Bel-j glum and northern France. The close-i ness with which they hnve been fol-j lowed in theso conquered hunts, dur ing the present wnr, mny be seen by rending theso two proclamations: "The City of Brussels, exclusive of) Its suburbs, has been punished by an, additional fine of 5,000,000 francs om account of tho attack made upon a Oermnn soldier by Ryckerc, one of Its police ofllclals. "The Governor of Brusesls, "BARON VON LUETTW1T Z." November 1, 1014. Placard posted on the walls of Lune vlllo by order of tho German authori ties: "Notice to tho People: "Some of the Inhabitants of Lunc vllle made an attack from ambuscade on the German columns and wngons (trnlns). The snino day (some of the) Inhabitants shot at sanitary forma tions mnrked with the Red Cross. In addition Germnn wounded nnd tho mil itary ambulance were fired upon. "Becnuse of these nets of hostility n tine of OfiO.000 francs Is Imposed upon the commune of Lunevllle. The may or Is ordered to pay this sum In gold or sliver up to 50,000 francs, Septem ber 0, 1014, at nine o'clock In tho morning, to the representative of the German military authority. All pro tests will be considered null and void. No delny will be granted. "If the commune does not punctual-) ly obey the order to pay the sum of 050,000 francs, all property that can be levied upon will be seized. "In caso of non-payment, visits from house to house will be made and all tho Inhabitants will bo searched. If anyone knowingly has concealed money or, attempted to hold back his goods from the seizure by the military authorities, or If anyone attempts to lenvo tho city, ho will be shot. "Tho mayor and the hostages taken by the military authorities will bo held responsible for the exact execution of tho ahovo orders. "Tho mayor Is ordered to publish Immediately this notlco to the com mune. "VON FASBENDEU." STATE HEVkS 111 BiilLF Items of Interest Pertaining to tho Affairs of Nebraska. Tho Lincoln school board hns de cided to bar Germnn teaching from all - rados In the schools. German will bo taught In the high school only as a selective study. A resolution was passed calling the matter to the at tention of the State Council of De fense (is a step towards eliminating Gcrmuti from nil schools In the state, no matter whether denominational or otherwise. W. L. Crowe, an Itinerant preacher from Chanute, Kan., wns nrrested at Ayr by federal authorities and bound over for trial In February. Bond was fixed at $5,000, which he was unable to supply, The complnlnt charges Crowe declared before audiences at Holsteln and Ayr that he would not tako a combatant position In war nnd jadvlsed those drafted to seek non combr.tnnt positions. Tho government, It Is snld, Is con sidering Fort Omaha and Fort Crook stopping stations when tho postal nil' ,plnno lines which will curry mall from coast to coast, are established. While the government has not yet tn ,ken official action, It has been men tioned thnt Omaha Is seriously con sidered the half-way station In this contemplated trans-contlnentul air route. Poultry, milk and dairy products, fish, fruits nnd vegetables are not 'only excluded from the price fixing lists of tho food administration, but will continue to be so excluded, ac cording to G. W. Wattles, Nebraska food administrator. Tho board of education at Suther land, Neb., awarded tho contract for tho now school building to D. W. Woods of Denver. Col. The contract calls for the completion of the build ing by September 1, 1018. When com pleted tho building will cost about forty-two thousand dollars. Tho Stromsburg Commercial club held Its monthly dinner the other night, nt which time O. E. Mickey of 'Osceola paid a Liberty bond wnger. He wagered an oyster supper that Osceola would sell more Liberty bonds than Stromsburg, and lost tho wager. A contract has been signed up be tween tho government nnd the farm ers' Irrigation district of western Ne braska, whereby the former will take over tho trl-state ditch and proper ties. War has taken a big toll of stu dents from the Normal school at Kearney, during tho past week nine young men having enlisted, leaving less than 100 male pupils In tho col lege. Beatrice Knights of Columbus raised n total of $1,0S9.55 In their llrlvo for war work funds. Cortland contributed $48.50; Barneston and Liberty, $209.50 and Odell $203.50. Since the Gngo county board of su pervisors offered a bounty of 10 cents for each gopher scalp last summer, over 2,000 hnve been turned In by boys nnd young men of tho county. Colfax county raised nearly ten times Its quota for tho Y. M. C. A. wnr work, tho exnet ntuount being $9,833. Ono thousnnd dollars wns tho county's apportionment. The Nebraska Stnte Veterinarians' association, at Its annual meeting In Lincoln, adopted a resolution endors ing tho president and his action In declaring war on Austrln. At a Red Cross sale at Farnnm a 1)lg brought $100, a goose $50 and leans sold at $1 u pound. The sum of $825.01 was raised nt the sale. Lincoln's chief of police, II. Antler, has been made hend of tho military police at Camp Fiinston, Fort Riley, Kansas. Tho Western Potash company Is preparing to break ground for a new potash plant near Antloch In Sheri dan county. Food Administrator Wattles an nounced that he has received word from Washington that no more cano sugar Is to be shipped Into Nebraska. Hunibolt reports that seven boxes have been shipped by the Red Cross to Chicago up to the present time. Frank L. Haller of Omaha has re signed as president of the board of regents of tho state university. Weston organized a compnny of homo guards with n membership of over ono hundred. Of tho 1,500 hotels nnd restaurants In Nebraska, J. F. Lctton, chnlrnmn of the stato food conservation com mittee, reports that 1,200 of them have signed food pledge enrds to faithfully observe meatless and wheat less days. .At n meeting of tho Oconto village board n few days ago an electric light franchise was granted to Dr. J. L. Pnlne. Tho plant has been ordered nnd It Is only a question of a short tlmo now until the vlllnge will bo well lighted. Soft, frostbitten corn which has proved a nlghtinuro for Nebraska farmers, Is more readily devoured by hogs than tho hard, firm cars, ac cording to John Rohlke, Kenesaw farmer. As n result of ,'ho splendid showing Douglas county hns made In securing enlistments, It will probably be ex cluded from the second draft, It Is said. At a meeting of tho Allen school board a contract was let for tho erection of a now $-15,000 high school building. According to figures taken from v. German paper by Slate Food Controll er Wattles, eggs are selling In Ger many at 91.2 cents a dozen : butter at (19.0 cents n pound; condensed milk at 45J) cents for 10 ounces, and lard at over $1 u pound. Fifty per cent coffee In Germany costs 45.1) cents per pound, while other staples cost a great deal more than Nobrnskans are forced to pay. Wearing apparel Is extremely high In Germany, some ar ticles having risen In .price sixteen times greater than before the war. More than 05,000 Nobrasknns who never paid Income tux heretofore will have to pay It this year. Last year only 3.478 Nobrnskans paid Income tax. This year It Is estimated 70.000 Nobrasknns will pay It. The old In come tax. which Is still In effect, pro vides an exemption of $3,000 for un married and of $ 1,000 for mnrrled persons. The war Income tnx provides on exemption of only $1,000 for un married and of only $2,000 for mar ried persons. Omaha niournea its first loss anions tho many men of the Nebraska me tropolis who have Joined the nrmy or navy, when Mrs. Flora Knlk received word from Washington that her son, Ensign Staunton F. Knlk, died from exposure following the sinking of the American destroyer, Jacob Jones, by a Germnn U-boat. "Recruiting Day" In Omaha was a wonderful success, 530 men being sworn Into the U. S. service. This Is tho largest results for any one day since the wnr declaration. Three hundred and sixty Omaha recruits and twenty from Sioux City were sent to Fort Logan, Colorado, Monday evening. All records for cold weather In eastern Nebraska were broken last Thursday when the thermometer reg istered 15 degrees below zero at sev eral points. Never before has the eastern half of the stato experienced such cold weather so early In the win ter. Pilfering German books from Ne bruskn schools Is becoming quite pop ular. All the German books In the Mllford high school, except four, were found missing the other day and just recently citizens of Central City broke Into the school building and made away with all tho German books. The Tel Jed Soknl, Bohemian Tur ner society, of Plattsmouth, sent n telegram of approval to President Wilson for his action In recommend ing a declaration of wnr on Austria. "The dual monarchy Is a worse crim inal thnn Germany, even if less dan gerous," said the telegram. Over-exertion Is believed to have caused the ileath of John Krenk of Abble. Butler county, who was found dead beside n newly mnde grave. It Is thought that just ns he had fin ished digging and walling up his own grave, he died. Richard Azlm, .In charge of the American relief campaign In this stnte, says that each person In the United States must contribute six cents If the destitute people of the bible lnnds nre to be kept from starv ing. Omaha has undertaken the task of securing 40,000 Red Cross members by Christmas. The Nebraska metrop olis has issued a challenge to any city In the United States to better Its record In proportion to memberships, population considered. Brock, Nemaha county, has sent 27 men to the army; has subscribed $1,485 to the Y. M. C. A. war fund, and hns given $142 to the Young Wouiens' Christlnn association. Tho population of Brrick Is 434. A fast Union Pacific passenger train ploughed through u herd of 103 steers nenr Buila, Buffalo county, killing 41 of them. Tho cattle were tho property of Jim Lawson. well known feeder. Tho West Point school board has decided to cut short tho Christmas va cation to meet the conditions ex pected to prevnll In the spring. The vncatlon will begin on December 21 nnd contlnuo until December 31. Three curlonds of hogs, which hnd been shipped to fnrmers of tho Lib erty vicinity from Missouri points, were" found to bo Effected with chol era when exnmlned by n Beutrlco vet erlnitrlnn. Jacob Schaffer, of Hastings, In tho U. S. navy service, died from the ef fects of a gas accident, while aboard the U. S. submnrlno A-2. The body will bo brought to Hastings for burlnl. Gage county hns set n gonl of 7,000 Red Cross members In the cnmpnlgn which stnrted Monday. Preliminary steps toward the or ganization of Gage county for war re lief work has been taken nt Beatrice by a committee of forty-five men re cently named to attend to tho details of a systematic business organiza tion. A barbed wire fence now surrounds the Omaha water pumping station nt Florence. No person Is permitted to enter tho grounds without a permit. Tho fence Is for protection of the plnnt nnd water basins, during tho wnr, It Is said. With tho standard bread loaf be coming effective In Omaha, tho price dropped perceptibly, bakers of tho metropolis selling bread at 8c for the 10 oz, loaf. Following a conference of tho trus tees of tho Gorman Lutheran school at Pender and the county council of defense, It was decided to close tho school permanently, Tho farm loan movement hns been energetically taken up at West Point. An association has been formed under the nnme of the West Point National Furm Loan association. 10 ENROLL MEN , FOR WAR WORK ..ab or Is Needed in Shipyards and Factories. HIGHEST SPEED IS NECESSARY insatiable Demands of the Large Ar my at the Front' Prompts Govern ment to Inaugurate a Public Service Reserve. Washington. A campaign to enrolf tho country In tho United States publlo servlco reserve, with particular effort :o get men for the shipyards, will be inaugurated by the United States de partment of inbor, acting In co-operation with the shipping board, accord'' Ing to a statement made by William Edwin Hall, nntlonnl director of thd reserve. State directors nre being ap pointed and local organizations per fected In every state. "The primary object of this cam paign," said Mr. Hall, "is to obtain largo list of skilled and semi-skilled Hen who are not now producing war material or doing work useful to -tho prosecution of the war. und to get Ihem Into the shipyards and the fac tories which must be maintained at the highest speed If Industry Is to meet the Insatiable demands of a large army at; the front. "It appears from published reports, such as the arrival of the Rainbow Di vision In France, that tho number of merlcnn troops nt or near the firing line Is constantly Increasing, nnd wo ilvlllnns whom theso troops have gone aver there to protect, would be shame fully derelict In our national duty and julto wanting in patriotism if we did; aot make every personal sacrifice tc beep our soldiers 100 per cent sup plied. Labor Needed In War Work. "A number of the non-essentlnl In dustries are employing labor which l urgently needed for war work In tho shipyards, for example. Ono Is sur prised to see how many kinds of work ers nre needed to build a ship. Tho shipping bonrd hns prepnred for the public service reserve a list of 8S dif ferent "pence" occupations from which men must absolutely must bo drawn! In order thnt our tremendous shipbuild ing enn bo carried out In time. You, Dften hear it said that 'ships will wlu Hio wv.' but today It Is being put In a little different wny by those who know tho sltuntion: A failure on the part Df American civilians to build the nec essary number of ships will mnke It Impossible for the United States to1 contlnuo to fight. A lack of ships may lose tho war. "The United States public servlco reserve," explained Mr. Hull, "Is work ing nt high speed today to obtain all these men needed for shipbuilding, for making equipment, for gun manufac turing, for mechnnlcnl draughting, for hundreds of other vital operations from the 'non-essentlnl Industries' that Is, from Industries which ore Im portant to a country at pence but, lr tho final analysis, virtually unneces sary to a country at wnr. "Our effort Is always to obtain tho workers for wnr industry without crippling the pence Industry. We will not draw away an over-production of; employees from nny ono locnllty, from nny one industry, from nny one em ployer. War means suffering. A con siderable disturbance of Industry 1 Inevitable. The public service reserve proposes to bring nbout the nccessnry ehlftlng of labor with Just as little dis turbance as possible. We wont no In dustry nnd no employer to hnve ta bear nny more thnn a fair, legitimate share of the burden which the per emptory demands of wnr throw upon, all of us." Differs From Army Enlistment "Men who enroll in the "Unlted States public servlco reserve stnti their trade and suggest other clnsses of work they could do, If necessary, for the war. The enrolled men will re main at their present Jobs and when, they are notified that on opportunity to put them Into war work hns nrisen they nre under no obllgntlon to accept the new Jobs unless satisfied with wages and conditions. Thus their en rollment In the reserve differs from en listment In the army, where the soldier- has no choice but to obey. "Lvery day more and more Ameri can workers nre beginning to feel In their henrts that In this critical period of tje nation's history they should be devoting their energies to tho nctual war needs of their country. By en rolling In th United States public re serve they enjoy a happier conscience. ror they know that they have thereby declared their patriotism nnd thnt tho moment n wnr Indusry needs men of their type they will be given n chance to serve the country without leavlnu civilian life." CRAWFISH CLOSES FACTORY Becomes Lodged In Water Meter and onuis ju ouppiy. An InsliMiHlpntif rr,i.flul. o - V.U.1.IQU, muuBunnjj three Incheu In length, that became lodged In the meter, shut off the sup- imj u, nun.-, mi me uib none iron works nt Whopllni W v . ... .. , ... , M Mllu lUUNUU the big plant to close down tcmporar- II.. IMnLInn l.lln OZTU 1 ii liiiimiiK iuio o,wu worumen. TheAcrawflsh hnd traveled from the river through the pump plant to tho cltv reservoir nnd thrnuirt, . . . . .... w.b.. ihc wilier mains, a distance of more than 8.000 S & I-.. . . ivui, uciuru reuewng me meter. t