THE SEMI WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
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THfelodVptibr 3fcK, the grain
Fdolbttiing
gSchlr the
qsrriai-tnesea muBjsn
i '' - - . i i i . i
wnoiaianosarfc trie women
i&K goods or gfolel, whatever she taKes to sea,
The
The shop'
THE bin
They
For they
But he
toner's toff
farme
Bjf her hold, whatever her cargobo. E
made ready the thing to go
Pfe soil or the forge's lusty blowl -
est on land7on-tnajand tne Dims are corn)
the toiler'sihandr-they must taKe their wheat and corrti
e, and serv&ig a mighty need
T . M . . 9 f I
s place is serving tne wona maeeai
Douglas Malloch
Copyright 1917 ' " " ' '
Trade Union Success
In Effort to Shorten
the Hours of Labor
of
By SAMUEL GOMPERS.
President American Federation
Labor.
LABOR Day brings to the workers
of America the right to cheer
and confidence In the trade
union movement. There havo
been tests and crises that have proved
Its fundamental principles; there have
been opportunities that have tested Its
practical efficiency. Through them all
the trade union movement has made
sure progress and gained In confident
vision for the future.
Every national and International,
every local union affiliated to the
American Federation of Labor has
made definite progress In securing for
its members greater advantages in
'thoso things which are fundamental
of betterment In nil relations of life.
There has been great progress in se
curing the eight-hour day or the short
er workday. The meaning of the vic
tories can be interpreted only In the
light of full understanding of the
meaning of the eight-hour day. The
shorter workday is something moro
thari an economic demand. It Is u de
mand for opportunity for rest, recu
peration and development; things
which make'llfe more than mechanical
drudgery.
The workers whose whole periods
ore short are essentially different from
those who are so worn by toll that they
have neither energy nor mind for
other things in life. They become
more energetic, more resourceful work
era with keener mentality and greater
TfcANK.A. VANDRLlP
United States Has
Well Been Designated
Nation of Workers
Mi
producing power. It inevitably follows
that the short-hour workers are the
best paid workers. With every reduc
tion In hours there Is always a corre
sponding Increase In wages. Wherever
demands for the shorter workday and
higher wages have been presented und
arged by organized workers during the
last year they have met with success.
Shortening the period of work
lengthens the period of development,
and for ull of the other activities that
belong to the normul Individual. In
creases In wages give the workers the
means for taking advantage of the in
creased opportunities of the shorter
workday.' The workers of short hours
and better wages become very differ
ent citizens from those who are so ex
hausted by the dally grind that they
have neither the time nor the energy
for thought or aspiration. These gains
mean better homes, better food, better
.clothing; time and opportunity for
the cultivation of the best and the
highest that Is possible to man.
EN of labor came to America
the Mayflower. A printer
and a carpenter signed the
Declaration of Independence.
George Washington wns a surveyor at
one time In his llfq. Lincoln worked
as n day laborer. Andrew Johnson
was n tailor. William Howard Taft,
after leaving college, was n newspaper
reporter at 0 a week. The United
States Is a nation of workers. Labor
day, consequently, is, not for any clnss
but for Americans in mass.
Frank A. Vanderllp, president of the
National City bank, Is by trade a ma
chinist. Ills father was an Illinois
furmcr "a specialist In cows," the son
explained. On the death of the father
the family moved Into town.
"I found employment," Mr. Vander
llp said, "In a shop where wood work
ing machinery was manufactured. I
was sixteen and my wages were 70
cents a day. By and by I' got a lathe
of my own. I would bo foreman some
day, f was told, and earn $21 n week.
I thought I could do better. So I
learned stenography and later took up
the study of bonds."
William H. Cannlff, president of the
New York, Chicago & St. Louis rail
road, was a telegraph operator In
Michigan whdh ho was seventeen. The
attorney general in President Taft's
cabinet, George W. WIckershara, also
was a telegraph operator, as was Theo
dore N. Vail, head of the Bell telephone
Interests.
A section hand In-1809, shoveling
and tamping on the tracks, William C.
Brown, then sixteen years old, fought
his way upward until lie became presi
dent of the New York Central lines.
"My daily wages at the time?" he
repeated. "Figure them out for your
self. My envelope contained $27.50 at
the end of the month whciuthe pay
car came down the line." Ills suc
cessor, Albert II. Smith, was a tall
road laborer ns n young man.
Judge Robert S. Lovett, president of
the Union Pacific, dug stumps and cut
brush on the right of way on a little
line In Texas and drove a team of
mules when the grndlng began. Ben
jamin F. Yoakum operated a scraper
In the Southwest on a road In its build
ing, and became a brakeman when the
road was put into operation.
Organized Labor in
Fight to Put End to
Industrial Wastage
By FRANK L. MORRISON,
Secretary American' Federation of
Labor.
TT IS Impossible to record funda
mental gains during tho past year
I because of organized labor's nglta
tlon or to Individualize probable
gains during the year to come. Tho
best we can do is to observe tenden
ccs. Prominent among these is tho
workers' seizure of the cry fpr "pre
paredness" to emphasize a danger in
Industry more deadly than battlefields.
Government statistics show that SO,'
000 men are annually killed and 700,-
000 are annually Injured for a perfod
of four weeks or over.
It has been stated that every year
there are over 3,000,000 cases of In-,
dustrlnl Illness, caused mainly by long
hours, low wages, dust, bad air, fumes,
Emoke, poisonings and poor ventilation,
and that through typhoid fever and
malaria alone $000,000,000 is annually
lost to this nation. Enough to equip
the largest army" and navy In tho
world, and then have n balance suffi
cient to pay jtlie tuition of every boy
now In college.
A system of national preparedness
that does not Include recognition' of
tthls frightful and preventable wastago
Is the preparedness urged by big busi
ness. Another element among employers
who talk of tho scarcity of labor does
so to entice a sufficient number of IcJlo
workers to their factory gates as a
menace to those employed and who are
Every day Is labor's- day. Every man
worth while Is a laborer.
Universal
mocracy.
labor Is the lever of de-
liable to demand better conditions.
These employers oppose restriction of
Immigration because restriction will
defeat their policy of having two or
more men for every Job".
Another tendency Is the growing op
position to labor injunctions, which
class labor power us property. Tho
congress of the United States has
voiced this opposition In amendments
to the antitrust laws. Judicial inter
pretations of the term "property" in
the fourteenth amendment to the fed
eral constitution are losing their force
What was originally Intended to end
slavery has been used to thwart the
enactment of social legislation, but
courts have failed to check tho swell
ing tide of democracy.
The trade union igoveraent is, con
scious of the, part it has played In tho
tendencies above referred to and this
consciousness will be an Inspiration to
creater effort during the coming yeur
1 -King Ferdinand of Roumunln reviewing a brigade of his reorganized forces, Working on if big torpedo lor
"... ... ..... .... . ii , i.... i. m..
nn American battleship on one of the barges on witlcn tm projocuiex nro hhkciiiuicu. iov pnuiuKnnni ul
Gon. William A. Munn. who will command the Forty-second division, soon to be sent to France. ,
SCENE DURING FOOD RIOTS IN AMSTERDAM
Uiitth troops guarding the palace at Amsterdam during tho serious food rlotH that look plaeo theru and In many
towns of Holland. , ,
BROTHERS DIVIDED BY THE WAR
UNIVERSITY DEAN OF WOMEN'
ngh
the
the
These are two sons of Mine. Schumiiun-Hcluk, tho prima donna, who ure
ting' itga!nst each other In the war. August, on the right, Is serving In
German navy, and Henry, on tho leftf.has enlisted In tho nayal forces of
United States. '
MOTHER, SHIP FOR SUBMARINES
Dr. Aristlne P. Munn Recht, daugh
ter of Dr. John T. Munn,, president of
the United States Insurance company
has been appointed first dean of wom
en of New York university. Doctor
Recht Is a graduate of Bryn Mnwr,
1000, and of John Hopkins, 1013.
BAER IN "RUBE" MAKEUP
tTA .' ''fill
m ifher hhlp for German huIiiiiuiuk'i
1 ' TIiIh picture of .1, M. Uaer In "rubo"
I makeup was circulated all over tho.
. First district of North Dakota us u
ciinipnlgii document for Mr. Bner'a
race for congress.
