THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRA8KA.
INCREASE IN DAIRY PROFITS
Breeders Find It More Profitable to
Have Cows Freshen In Fall
More Milk Produced.
Because more milk would be pro
duced In the year nnd calves would bo
raised cheaper, farmers llnd It most
profitable to lmvo their cows freshen
in the fall months. Cows bred now will
drop calves by early fall.
The cow gives n largo flow of milk
at the beginning of the period of lac
tation. In the spring the milk yield,
which gradually fnlls off, Is suddenly
Increased when the cow Is turned on
fresh pasture.
Calves born In the" fall nyvl mainly
milk and eat little grain during the
period of winter feeding. When spring
-comes they nro ready to be turned on
pasture. Spring calves consume milk
nnd grain during the cheap pasture
season and require the same high-
priced feeds during the following win
ter, when they nro older and thus cat
more. The fall-born calf at the same
age needs only pasture.
At the Ohio experiment station
some calves born in the fall were
raised for about $5 less thnn others
born In the spring. Under average
farm conditions this difference would
bo fed to fall-born calves on pasture,
wlille those nt the station wore given
grain because of a shortage of pasture.
SKIM MILK FOR DAIRY CALVES
Found to Be Nearly Equal In Value to
Whole Milk in Experiment at
North Dakota Station.
In feeding the dairy calf, the aim Is
to cut down the period of whole milk
feeding. At the North Dakota ex
periment station, two lots of four
calves each were fed as follows : Whole
milk first three weeks both lots. From
then on lot A was fed one-half whole
milk nnd one-hnlf skim milk till six
months old. Lot B, after three weeks
old, was fed skim milk with flaxseed.
Just enougli flax was added to supply
as much fat as was given the calves In
lot A In their whole milk. Each calf
i i i i i -;.: i y i
n i
Promislnu Young Holstein.
was clven two gallons of milk a day.
The whole milk cals mado the best
gains the firs'- mreo 'a.Ujs during
the next three months the skim mule
calves nearly caught un. the four lack
lng but 15 pounds of weighing as much
as the whole milk calves, and several
expert cattlemen who examined the
two lots pronounced the calves In lot
B in as thrifty a condition as those in
lot A. The saving in using skim milk
nnd llnx In place of the whole milk
amounted to $10 per calf for the six
month period. The grain and hay cost
the same for both lots.
NO CURE' YET FOR ABORTION
Rare Opportunity Offered Proprietary
Remedy Sharks -Handle the
Herd Properly.
(By GEORGE II. GLOVER, Colorado Ag
rfmilMirnl r?nllicrfi. Fort Collins. Colo.)
The proprietary remedy sharks
have found In contagious abortion a
rare opportunity. Beyond the appro
nrlnte handling of the herd nnd tils
Infection there is nothing to offer at
HilH time. The following brief state
ment Is found In a recent United States
department of ngriculturo folder: "It
should be understood that no effective
cure for contagious abortion hns yet
been found. Do not depend on drugs
and proprietary remedies."
CLEAN MILK WINNING FIGHT
Making Gains Because of Demands of
People Takes Good Dairy to
Score 75 Per Cent.
nionn milk Is winning Its fight slow
ly, and dirty milk Is losing out be
cause clean peoplo buy clean milk.
It Is a good dairy that will scoro
7C per cont on tho government scoro
card. The only milk that is better
hnn furtlllntl milk lS tllO llllik tllO Slick
ing cnlf gats from its mother. In scoring
this milker wo are obliged to glvo 100
per cent n method ami equipment.
CONTROL CORN ENEMY
Extremely Difficult to Eradicate
Injurious Wireworms.
Insect Begins Operations Early In
Spring, Soon After Planting In
fested Soil Should Be Deep
ly Cultivated.
Injury to corn by wireworms occurs
In early spring, soon nfter planting.
If the seed does not sprout, or tho
young corn plunts wither nnd dlo
down, the causo Is genernlly wire
worms. Land thnt has been In grass
often Is crowded with these larvae,
which collect on corn hills, entlng
first part of the seeds nnd later the
roots of tho plants.
Wireworms are extremely hard to
control, because they remain In tho
ground and nro Inaccessible practical
ly all their lives.
J. A. Ilyslop, In n recent bulletin of
tho U. S. department of agriculture
makes tho following recommendations
for wireworms Infesting corn:
Thorough preparation of tho corn
seedbed, nnd n liberal use of barn
yard manure or other fertilizer will
often give a fair stand to corn In spite
of wireworms. A vigorous plant mny
'
s.,
One of theCorn Wireworms (Melano
tus Communis); a, Adult Beetle; b,
Larva; c, the last Segments of
Same; d, Pupa. All Enlarged. From
Chittenden, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
bo able to produce roots enough to
withstand tho depredations of several
wireworms.
Laud that is in corn, nnd bndly in
fested should be deeply cultivated,
even nt the risk of "root pruning" the
soil. Land should be cultivated as
long as possible, and as soon as tho
crop Is removed, It should be deeply
plowed and tnorougmy cumvutou ue
fore sowing new crop.
The interposing of a crop not se
verely attacked by wireworms, such
as field peas and buckwheat, between
sod nnd corn would materially reduco
tho number of wireworms In the soli
when corn Is planted.
Com wireworms genernlly nro con
fined, to poorly drained, or heavy and
sour soil. In many cases of this kind,
after the lnnd was tile drained tho
injury ceased. No direct relationship
between draining and disappearance
of wireworms can be ascertained, but
they usually go together.
BALANCED RATION IS NEEDED
Carefully Select All Fertilizers for
Garden Sheep Manure Will
Help Plants Along.
fertilizers, tho plantfood for tho
garden, should bo carefully selected
Nitrogen, which stimulates leaf
growth, is best supplied by turning un
der rich, well-rotted or composted ma
nure, or rotting vegetable matter. Nl
trogen also Is supplied in such fertll
lzers as nitrate of soda and sulphuto
of ammonia.
Potash tends to hasten the maturity
of the plnnt.Jmt also has u tendency
to counteract tho work or nitrogen.
On this account those not experienced
In using potash will llnd sulphate of
potash better, or at least safer In most
cases, than the murliAe. On account
of the disturbed commercial conditions
potash Is hardwood ashes.
Plants need a balauccd ration. If
they nre lacking In nitrogen, they
show pale leaf nnd stunted plant
form. Excess of nitrogen is shown by
large leaf and plant growth with lm
perfect fruitage. If the plants lack
potash, they will not bo fruitful.
PREVENT EROSION OF SOILS
Terracing and Contour Farming Are
Coming Into Favor as Good
Preventive Practices.
Tlio farm practices that cause ex
cessive erosion are continuous cultiva
tion, shallow plowing, furrowing with
tho slopes, leaving tho land bare in
winter, neglect of gullies nnd the ex
haustion of organic mnttcr.
Practices tending to control erosion
are systematic rotations containing
fewer cultivated crops nnd more hay
auf pasture crops, the gradual deop-
enlnc of soil by occasional deep plow
lng, tho use of barnyard nnd greon
manures, winter cover crops such as
ryo and wheat, and prompt attention
to cullies nnd ditches.
Torraclng nnd contour farming nre
comlnxr Into favor as preventive prac
tlces as lands Increase In value. Tiling
rxwly drained Mloplng lands such u
omiitv h luldes. helps py opening up
lie suliKoll and carrying po- of the
.valii ut din ugh the tiles,
$ HORSES' SHOULDERS
Do not use sweat pnds. J
Keep collars clean of dnndruff
j. nnd dirt, especially If soreness
develops.
m 1 1 ... i - Tip
jf. oiHingu uiu snuuiuers ox wwk
J horses with cold water nt night
nfter work. If they nro sweaty
J at noon, sponge nt noon nlso.
Caro should be taken In fit- 5
$ ting collars on work horses.
Many collars are too big or too
$ loose. If tho withers nro fat
or especially full, the 'fitting of
$ collars will need extra care. t
GROW SORGHUMS FOR FORAGE
More General Use of Crop Hindered
by Lack of Knowledge Nearly
as Valuable as Corn.
Sorghum as a farm crop has been
generally underestimated. Corn Is fre
quently grown nnd used under condi
tions wherein sorghum would bo n
much more valuable crop. The de
partment of farm crops of the Missouri
College of Agriculture Is of the opinion
thnt a more general use of sorghum Is
hindered by n lack of Information con
cerning the crop, by tho fnct that un
der certain very exceptional conditions
sorghum becomes poisonous to stock,
nnd by the opinion that the crop Is
hard on land. The last two hindrances
nre by no means serious.
Aside from its spccinl use for sirup,
sorghum owes Its value as a general
fnrm crop to three outstanding charac
teristics of tho plant. In tho first
place, the sorghum plant, pound for
pound, is nearly as vnlunblo for feed
ing ns corn. Agnln, under conditions
favorable for the growth of corn, sor
ghum will outylold corn ns forage (In
cluding ensilage) and will compare
favorably with corn In yield of grain.
Finally tho ability of sorghum to with
stand adverse conditions, especially
drought, makes the crop an extremely
reliable one for the production of feed.
Since the greatest use of sorghum
is for feed, Its value must be reckoned
in Its ability to produce feed. The va
rieties of sorghum nre divided Into two
groups, sweet or saccharine nnd grnln
or nonsaccharlne. The sweet sorghums
nre grown for forage, pasturage, silage,
and as soiling crops while the grnln
sorghums nro grown chiefly for grain.
PLAN TO ERADICATE SORREL
Weed Can Be Destroyed by Rotation
of Crops Corn or Other Inter
tilled Crops Useful.
(From tho United States Department of
Agriculture.)
Sorrel can easily bo destroyed by n
short rotation of crops. If possible,
the rotation should bo nrrnnged so
thnt the soil will be cultivated at a
different senRon each year. Corn or
other Intertilled crops are especially
GOOD
ROADS
SURFACE OF IMPROVED ROAD
Oval Should Bo as Flat as Character
of Material Employed and Lay
of Land Will Permit.
"Everybody agrees that the surface
of a road must ho oval In Its contour,"
says Farm and Fireside, "hut not nil
understand thnt this oval ought to bo
ns flat as the character of the rond
material and tho lay of the land will
permit. With brick or concrete con
struction tho oval may be very flat, be
cause the trafllc mnkes no ruts to car
ry tho water lengthwise of the road,
nor does the pavement soften nnd de
velop depressions when kept In con
tact with wntcr. But broken stono
(water-bound macadam), being sus
ceptible to penetration by water, nnd
subject to great damage If frozen
while sonked, must bo given n higher
oval; and for gravel roads a still
steeper pitch Is demanded.
"As for earth roads, tho steepness
must bo governed by the combined
Influence of n number of factors. Per
haps the leading factor Is tho quality
of the earth In each particular case.
And next might bo placed the pres
ence or nbsence of 'seeps' or 'spouts;'
while nnother of these vital factors
would be the longitudinal pitch of the
highway."
OIL FOR ROAD IMPROVEMENT
When Properly Applied Good Surface
Is Obtained Experiments Being
Mado In Missouri.
(By E, T. M'CAUSTLAND. Missouri As
rlcultural College.)
Attempts nre now being made In
several parts of the state to Keep dust
down by the use of road oils. Super
visors should be careful to Investigate
the quality of oil they use before put
ting It on tho highways. It is not gen
erally understood that there are two
distinct types of oil on the market.
One of these oils has nn nsphnlt base
which serves as a binder on the rond
ns soon ns tho lighter oil evnporntes.
The other has n paraffin baso and Is
to nil intents nnd purposes u lubricat
ing oil. This kind of oil, however, does
not hold the rond hard, or Is not bind
ing. It leaves tho roads musty nnd
sticky.
Rond oiling, properly done, gives n
good surface. The City of .Toplln hns
done some of this work on Its roads
that have alrendy carried heavy traf
fic more thnn a year and now look ns
good ns asphalt pavement.
Any Mlssourlnn mny send samples
of road oils to the Engineering Experi
ment Station University of Missouri,
Columbia, and have them examined nt
Ji
Sorrel.
useful for killing sorrel If plunted in
checkrows nnd cultlvuted with n spike
tooth cultlvutor.
Either buckwhent or common millet,
sown In June, nliows spring and early
summer cultlvntlon nnd produces n
dense shade during tho Inter months
of the year. Grain fields should bo
harrowed Immediately after harvest
nnd ngnln ut lntervnls during tho re8t
of the season so thnt sorrel will not
go to seed In the stubble.
TREATMENT OF GARDEN SEED
Disinfection by Use of Solution of
Corrosive Sublimate and Water
Is Recommended.
Celery seed mny be disinfected by
the use of u solution of one pnrt cor
rosive sublimate In 1,000 pnrts of water.
The seed should bo soaked one-half
hour and otherwise treated tho same
as the cabbage.
One point to bo remembered is thnt
the treatment of seed does not elimi
nate the disease from Infected soil,
manure or from machinery which has
been used In tillage.
TO STORE PERISHABLE FOODS
Every Farmer Should Have Cellar,
Storehouse or Refrigerator to
Save Surplus Crops.
Farmers lose much every year be
caune their facilities for storing per
ishable foods aro poor.
livery farm home should linvo a col
lar, storehouse and refrigerator so tho
surplus foods may bo saved till such u
time ns they may be consumed.
Tho fact that producers hnvo Innde
uuine facilities for paving perishable
products glvos speculators advantages
Oiled Highway In Missouri.
a modcrato cost merely enough tt
pny for the use of materials in the
laboratory. Some time ngo tho expert'
inent stntion issued n bulletin giving
complete Information on tho quulltj
of various materials throughout tin
Btato for rond-mnklng purposes. Thit
bulletin Is still in print and will be
sent free. Its title 1b "Investigation
of ltoad-Muldng Properties of Missouri
Stone and Gravel."
$1,500,000,000 FOR ROADS
Predicted This Amount Will Be Spent
In Next Five Years on Highways
of United States.
"It Is predicted on good authority
that from $1,000,000,000 to $1,500,000,.
000 will bo spent on the hlghwuys ol
tho United States In tho next five
years," says Lincoln Highway, tho
organ of tho transcontinental highway
association of that nume. "Herein Ilea
the proof of the general Interest on
the part of all of the peoplo In road
Improvement, nn Interest which went
soaring with the passage of the Hank-head-Shackleford
act allowing $75,000,
000 of federal funds to the various
states for this purpose."
Money for Rural Roads.
Under the federal-air road act,
within tho next flvo years $100,000,000
will bo spent by federal nnd stato gov
ernments In Improving rural roads.
Reduce Cost of Hauling.
Good roads reduce the cost of huul
lng produco to and from tho farm ns
much ns 25 cents per ton-mile.
Beautify Roadsides.
Why not plant parts of our roadsides
wllli suitablo native shrubs or perennials?
WRIGLEY5
L WB
jf&J
Made by machinery
filtered safe-guarded in
every process:
Factories inspected by
pure food experts and
highly praised :
Contented employes, of
whom perfection is the pride:
Such is WMGUEY'S - the
largest selling gum in mmn
the world.
Helps nppctltcand digestion.
Keeps teeth clean breath JM ll
BWCCt.
The Flavor Lasts
IN
This Car Is Worthy
of Your Confidence
You can buy a Saxon car secure in the knowl
edge that you are getting full value in tried
and proven motor car mechanism..
Saxon cars are built to win the confidence sf
their owner and they do. But first they
must win the confidence of their builders
and this they could not if they embodied any
feature or any part of unproved worth.
So no Saxon principle of construction has ever
been changed until a better principle has fully
proved its greater value. And so no Saxon car
has ever embodied features of doubtful worth.
Saxon cars have simply been in a state of
transition, passing thru phase after phase of
gradual improvement without a break in pro
duction. They are refined from time to time,
not radically changed.
They are in the fullest sense of the phrase, products of
evolution. They are developed rather than built
Isn't that the1 kind of a car you wantone that you
can feel confident is right before yo put down your
good money for It? If it is, then you want a Saxon.
There is still eomo good territory open for
Saxon Dealer. For information yeu thould
apply to
Saxon Motor Car, Corporation
Detroit, 'Michigan
Iff.mimHimiiiMniniiaBiiiigsflmi'itigtHiH
BBfllMEinDlinnillffllBJE
LARGEST CASH BUYERS
IN THE MIDDLE WEST
CUIEDIHUOTUini. Quick rtrn
of empty oftEn BuarnuUwJ. We
par ditty. OurMottoi
"A SQUARE DEAL"
Write for price Hat and shipping
tas. Give ds a trial.