THE 8EMLWEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEDRA8KA.
Picfar
Anciene
i nr BrrBri Hiirs i
Cus Corns of
oly Week IHHS
Where monarchs bathe the
feet of beggars and why) hot
cross bans are eaten on
Good Fridayi at breakfast ::
Impressive church services
ft
IIHIST'S moment of triumphant entry
Into Jerusalem, when the people look
pulniH nnd went to meet lilni, has
been commemorated in the church
on (lie Siintlny before Muster, which
(hiy, therefore, has been culled "I'ulin
Sunday."
Ah this Is the beginning of Holy
week, It Is n happy Interlude be
tween the devotional rigors of the
former part of Lent and the last
sir days, in which all religious exercises and per
sonal sacrifices arc redoubled until the coining In
of the great feast of Master.
Palm Sunday seems also to foreshadow the coin
ing of the spring, at least from a merely mundane
point of view, because of the great throngs of
worshipers who pour Into the streets from Ho
man Catholic and Protestant Mplscopal churches,
wearing or carrying the bits of palm, green
branches or willow slips which have been dis
tributed by the priests.
In this country palm Is almost always used
for this purpose, but In somo countries, where
this leaf Is not available, Its place is taken by hits
of native green. Box nnd yew also have been
tiHed from time to time as a symbol of Palm Sun
day. Generally the greater part of the palm Is
distributed In the form of little crosses, this be
ing so especially In the case of VMo men worship
ers. The women recelvo crosses or lnrge or
smnll branches, according to the fashion of differ
ent parishes.
Rome In Holy Week.
In the years before the war the Holy week
services at Homo drew thousands of persons from
nil parts of the world to that city. These cere
monies begin with tho beautiful Palm Sunday
procession at St. Peter's. In all Homiin Catholic
churches everywhere tho Palm Sunday procession,
In which palms are carried In Imitation of the
first Palm Sundny procession, Is a stately and pic
turesque spectacle. In tho churches tinder tho enre
ot tho religious orders, such as tho Society of
Jesus, tho services of Holy week, Including those
of Palm Sunday, nro usually very beautiful and
elaborate. "Maundy Thursday," tho good old Eng
lish name for Holy Thursday, was so called from
tho French "mande," from tho Latin "mnndatum"
In nlluslon to Christ's words spoken at the Last
Buppcr, "A new commandment I give unto you,
that ye love ono nnnther." In cominemorntlon of
Christ's act of humanity In washing tho feet of
Ills disciples on tho occasion of tho Lost Supper
ono of tho most Important ceremonies of tho day,
Blnce tho early middle ages, has been tho washing
of the feet of 12 or more poor persons by somo
ono of higher worldly standing than themselves.
In the very early church this ceremony Is not
known to havo existed, hut from tho fourth cen
tury It became yearly moro popular. Finally tho
rlto came to bo performed by the pope, all Catholic
sovereigns, prelates, priests and nobles. At Dur
hnm cathedral until tho sixteenth century every
chnrlty boy had n monk to wash his feet. When
Queen Elizabeth was thlrty-nlno years old she per
formed this ceremony for 80 poor men nnd women
nt her pnlneo of Greenwich, It being then tho cus
tom for tho sovereign to wash the feet of ns many
persons ns she wus years old.
Emperor and Beggar.
On this occasion, history recites, tho feet of tho .
honored beggars wcro llrst washed by tho yeoman
of tho laundry. Afterward tho Rulmlmonor washed
them and then tho queen herself, kneeling, after
washing each foot, made the sign of tho cross
upon It and kissed It.
In Continental countries this practice Is still
kept up. Tho Into emperor of Austria never failed
to carry out tho rite. I
Tho dovotces of tho Creek church also uso this
ceremony at Moscow, Potrograd nnd Constanti
nople. The day of tho Passion, Good Friday in Mug
llBh, supposedly from "God's Friday," Is tho most
nolcmn day of tho year In tho church. From tho
beginning to tho end of tho three hours' service
which commemorates Christ's agony upon tho
cross there Is no lifting of tho deep gloom char
ttctcrlstlc of tho occasion. Altars and celebrants
airo draped In black In tho Homan Catholic
churches. In tho Lutheran churches also tho altar
nnd pulpit are draped In black. Tho threo hours'
!ervlco Is used In tho Mplscopal church, and In
this church, as In tho Homan Catholic, tho history
of tho Passion according to St. John Is part of tho
Good Friday ritual.
This Is followed In tho Homan Catholic church
by tho adoration of tho cross, an nncleut cere
mony, and tho mass of thu presanctlflcd, so called
liecauso tho elements lmvo boon consecrated tho
day boforo. In the Greek church also tho Good
Friday fast Is extremely strict and the mass very
long. o
Churches Filled to Limit
Moro persons Hock to tho churches on Good Fri
day than on any other day of tho year except
Master. In some of the churches In Now York It
Is necessary to Issue cards for tho services on
both theso days, as there Is no other way of
controlling tho great number of worshipers who
neck ndmlnslon. Despite the length and solemnity
of tho Good Friday sorvlco tho deslro to attend
Is so great that It Is no uncommon thing to sco
devout men nnd women standing in long lines In
front of tho ofllces whero the cards nro distributed,
fearful that thoy may oven then bo too lato to gain
admission.
Tho most popular of tho secular customs con
nected with thlB day Is tho serving of hot cross
buns. Tho genuine hot cross bun is rather ntminll
ono, spicier than ordlnnry buns, nnd has a brown,
angary surface marked with a cross. It Is said
that tho hot cross bun Is ot pagan origin and can
t'fl tracod back to an ancient custom of worship
ing tho Queen of Ileaven by tho eating of sacred
cakes, Hut tho buns that existed provlous to tho
Christian era wero not In reality those of today,
because they boro bo cross. In very early times
the cross was placed on the bun to exorcise Its
pagan spirit.
For two dozen buns scald one cupful of milk,
add to It a tablespoonful of butter, quarter of a
cupful of sugar and a saltspoonful of salt. When
lukewarm add half a compressed yeast cake,
softened In a Ilttlo warm water, and a pint of
Hour. This should bo mixed early In tho evening.
Heat well and let tho hatter rise until foaming
and double, Its original bulk. Then add a half
cupful of sugar, quarter of a teaspoonful of
mixed clnnnmon, nutmeg nnd mnce, a half cupful
of currants, a tablespoonful of shredded candled
lemon peel and enough Hour to mako a dough
that can be kneaded. Knead well and set In n
wnrm place overnight. In the morning turn out
on a well-floured hoard and divide Into pieces
weighing about three ounces each. Pnt them out
round, let them stand for n few minutes, then roll
Into oblong shapes nnd lny In n greased dripping
pnn far enough npart for expansion.
Anglo-Saxon myth and Jewish paschn aro sup
posed both to havo played u part In the construc
tion of tho Chrlstlnn Master. Whether Master
was named from tho Anglo-Saxon Mostre, goddess
of spring, or from andther root which signified
"tho rising," the meaning seems much tho same,
and today tho unlversnl use of flowers as tho most
appropriate Master token testllles to tho genernl
recognition of their appropriateness ns symboliz
ing a rising from the dend.
Why New Clothes Are Worn.
Tho Idea of new clothes on Master, thought by
some to bo a mere vanity, Is In fact as truly sym
bolical of the festival as tho Master egg or tho
Master flower. To burst afresh upon tho world In
festival attlro Is an lnstlnctlvo demonstration of
genuine Master feeling. Unfortunately, of late
years tho spring hat no longer plays a leading part
as an Master symbol, for, as It Insists on appear
ing with tho New Year nnd won't stay In Its shell
until Master time, It can no longer make an Master
entrance with any dramatic effect.
Those who complain that it is difficult to re
member the date of Master should glance over the
records of tho troubles of the early Christians
In this regard. It was many, mnny yenrs before
It was possible to settle upon tho method where
by the date of Master should bo determined, and
so violent were the disputes over the matter that
different schools of Christians arose, some follow
ing ono decree as to the Master celebration nnd
others obedient to entirely opposite pronuncla
mentos. Discrepancies In Dates.
There was such difference In calculations ns to
tire time of tho fenst that Bede records that In n
certain year Queen Manfleda, who had received
her Instruction from a Kentish priest of tho Ho
mnn obedience, was fasting and keeping Palm
Suntlny while her husband, Oswy, king of North
unibrla, following the rule of tho British church,
wns celebrating the Master festival. In 325, at
tho council summoned by Constnntlne, It wns de
cided that Master day was to be on Sundny nnd
that It was to bo calculated at Alexandria, tho
homo of nstronomlcnl science. From this nroso
the present method of calculating Master, which
sets the day ns the first Sundny after the first
full moon after the vernnl equinox, provided thnt
full moon does not fall on Sunday. Should It do
so, then Master Is the following Sundny. NeWy
York Herald.
APPROPRIATE DISHES FOR EASTER WEEK
Mggs, ham, chicken and snlads llgure conspicu
ously In tho Master menus, the eggs nnd chicken
because of tho Master symbolism j ham, since It Is
connected with eggs from u gastronomic stand
point, nnd salads becauso when Master comes
fresh green viands aro particularly enticing.
Hero Is n good reclpo for smothered chicken,
which mny well bo tho principal Item of an Master
luncheon or dinner. Split tho chicken down tho
back, senson with salt and pepper, and dredgo
well with flour on both Rides. Put into a bako
pan a small cupful of stock and a quarter of a
pound of butter. Arrange tho giblets on tho bot
tom nnd on them lay the chicken, breast down.
Cover tho pnn closely and bnsto every ten or
twelve minutes. Allow about fifteen minutes to
tho pound In roasting. When tender take out tho
chicken nnd lny on n hot plate. Wash tho gib
lets, add u cup of rich crenm nnd servo with bis
cuit. Theso should be buttermilk or beaten bis
cuit. To mako chicken n In Baltimore, prepnro tho
chicken as for boiling; then cut Into Joints, wipe
dry, senson woll with snlt and pepper and dip
Into beaten eggs; then roll In fine bread crumbs.
Plnce In n well buttered pnn, pour olive oil or
melted butter over them and bake In n steady
ovon for twenty-five minutes. When tender re
move to n hot dish. Make n good cream gravy
to pour over tho chicken and servo with corn
fritters and thin, crisp slices of bncon.
A savory egg dish for an Master luncheon or
supper Includes eggs nnd artichokes. To mako
this dish steam or cook In highly salted water ns
mnny artichoke buttons as there nro guests to
serve. Brown delicately In butter as many rounds
of thin bread, each piece a Ilttlo larger In diam
eter than nro artichoke buttons. Placo tho arti
chokes on tho rounds of bread, nnd then over each
one drop a poached egg, trimmed to tho exact
size of the hrend foundation, Pour over tho egg
a small quantity of sauce Hollandalsc. Add a dash
of paprlkn nnd servo hot.
To mako tho Ilollaudnlse sauce rub to n cream
a half cupful of butter; then add tho yokes of
two eggs, ono at a time, beating well after each
addition. Put In tho Julco of n half a lemon, a
snltspoonful of salt, n dash of paprika or cayenne
nnd n half cupful of boiling wnter. Set the bowl
containing the mixture In a saucepnn of boiling
water nnd stir rapidly and constantly until It
thickens like boiled custard. .Tarragon vinegar
may be used In place of the lemon Juice, with tho
addition of a few tarragon lenves blanched nnd
cut up very smnll.
Scrnmblcd eggs with green peppers mako a very
good Master dish. For four or five persons nt
least six eggs should bo used. Toast slices of
bread fur each person nnd lay In n dish to keep
hot. Put n tablespoonful of butter In the frying
pan. and while heating break tho eggs into n
bowl. Allow u tablespoonful of cream or water
to each egg. Milk Is not good for omelettes or
scrambled eggs. As soon ns tho butter Is melted
and begins to bubble, turn the ggs In, nnd ns tho
whites begin to set lift nnd stir with a silver fork.
Have ready two finely chopped sweet green pep
pers from which the seeds linvo been removed,
nnd nfter tho eggs begin to cook stir tho peppers
throuRh tho mixture. Cook u half moment, dish
on tho hot toast, garnish with n ilttlo wntercress
or parsley and serve at once.
A beautiful-looking salad to servo at Master
Is tho wnter Illy salad, which is ns delicious to the
taste as Its appearance suggests. To mnke this
salad cut tho whites of hard-boiled eggs Into point
ed, petal-like strips. Keep out a couple of yolks,
but mnsh tho rest. Mix with mayonnaise and fill
the calyx of tho arranged petals with tho mixture.
Put the remainder over the petals to give tho up
penranco of pollen. Cut lettuce lenves In fine
points to simulate the outer leaves. Served on
n low glass dish this snlad appears at Its best. It
Is better served on Individual glass dishes than
on n Inrgor platter.
Green pepper, lettuco nnd tomato salad. Crisp
the lettuce leaves by laying In cold wnter for half
an hour. Then shako dry and lay on the Ice. Tnko
the sweet green or red peppors nnd with a pair of
scissors cut tho peppors In lengthwise ribbons.
Slice tho tomatoes. Arrange the tomntocs on tho
lettuco leaves and sprinkle tho pepper ribbons
over all. Dress with mayonnalso or French dresa-
lug. Now York Ilerald.
FOE OF COUNTERFEITERS
The chief of tho secret service,
John J. Flynn, recently told of a young
mnn who confined his operations to
federal reserve notes of low denomi
nations with temporary success. Ills
paper was so good that nt first It was
even suspected that he might surrep
tlously have obtained somo of the gen
uine paper used by tho government,'
hut this was soon proved to bo not so.
Ills reproduction of "ones" nnd "lives"
wns so good that by traveling nbout
tho country lie was nble to pass out
many of his spurious bills, to the great,
nnnoynnco of business men nnd with)
considerable profit to himself, but his
"fate wns the common fate of nil his.
Ilk." lie played tho game once too
often.
This young mnn walked Into n
jeweler's store In Santa Cruz, Oil., and
bought a fountain pen for S2.G0. He
paid for it with one of his counterfeit'
bills, walked out with his new pen and
seven good dollar bills nnd n silver half dollar, a transaction giving all tho
profit he could mnke In one operation.
But ho had not ncted Ills part very well. He forgot to test tho pen nnd'
fuss over it before putting it In his pocket, as an honest purchaser would have
done, nnd that fnllure, or oversight, nroused tho suspicion of tho clerk. Ho
took tho bill to tho bnnk, where It wns pronounced bad.
Tho clerk rushed to the stutlon, where he found n train ready to null out.
Ho found In the last car the young man making notes with his new nen nnd
looking ns unconcerned ns If oblivious of the fact that in his pocket wero more,
of his homemade notes. After n couple of days' reflection in close confine
ment, ho told where his plnnt was concealed In Los Angeles, and It lias been.
confiscated. Ho Is in prison.
DIRECTS NAVAL AFFAIRS
Josephus Daniels, secretary of tho
navy, Is one mnn on whom tho eyes of
the whole world aro turned today.
From nalelgh, N. C an Inland
city he was made President Wilson's
navy chief. He has to start the build
ing of these newly nuthorlzed war
ships three battleships, one bnttlo
cruiser, threo scout cruisers, fifteen
destroyers, thirty-eight submarines,
ono destroyer tender nnd one subma
rine tender.
no has to finish theso other naval
Vessels previously nuthorlzed seven
bnttlcsblps, five battle cruisers, seven
scout cruisers, thirty-five destroyers.
forty-eight submarines, one destroyer
tender, ono submnrlne tender, one hos
pital ship, one fuel ship, one ammuni
tion ship, nnd one gunboat.
With shipbuilding being over
worked, with a shortage of skilled la
bor, he has to get all of theso vessels
built efficiently nnd quickly. At his
disposal have been placed specific appropriations of S517.3S9.447.0S. which is
by for the largest sum ever appropriated for the United States naval establish
ment.
r
NEWSPAPER MAN PROMOTED
George R. Cooksey, former news
paper man, was named nnd sworn In
as assistant to the secretnry of the
treasury, n post revived after moro
than tho lapse of n century. Mr.
Cooksey succeeds Tench Coxe of Penn-'
sylvanla, who was assistant to tho
secretnry of the treasury when Alex
ander Hamilton held that post In tho
administration of George Washington.
Washington is the homo nnd blrth
placo of Mr. Cooksey. He has been
private secretary to the secretary of
the treasury for more than three years,
succeeding Byron B. Nowton on tho
lntter's advancement to the post o
assistant secretary.
Mr. Cooksey is the son of the lato
Charles E. and S. V. Cooksey of
Washington. He entered the service
of tho Assoclnted Press, in the Wash
ington bureau, in 180S, shortly nfter
the outbreak of the Spanlsh-Amerlcnn
war. Ho was with tho Assoclnted
Press for 15 years, resigning October 8, 1013, to nccept the post of private
secretary to the secretary of the treasury, which ho has held until now.
Ills wife wns formerly Miss Annie 0. Cnlllflower of Washington, whom
ho married in 1007. They havo five children, George It., Jr.; Annlo O. V.,
Charles F narry J., and Joseph E. Cooksey.
The post, ns revived by tho present legislation, carries n salary of S5.000 a.
year, tho samo amount that Is paid to assistant secretaries. Tho pay began
March 1.
HE WHIPPED CROWN PRINCE
Being a German-American, but at
tho same tlmo a loynl American citi
zen, Otto II. Krauso isn't boasting
about his oxtraordlnary feat, but
thero Is a bit of prldo in his manner
when ho says to his friends, "I nm
probnbly tho only man In tho world
who ever licked the kaiser.
"Of course, It is somo years ago
when Kaiser Wllhclm nnd I had our
Ilttlo fisticuff," said Mr. Krnuse, who
Is a hotclkceper anu a former chief of
Hnckensnck's fire department. "I
renlly didn't know that tho boy I
whipped In 1800 was tho German
prince, nnd I was so angry at tho tlmo
I did not care. My grandfather, Her
man Vogel, was at that time In chnrgo
of tho city waterworks at Potsdnm,
nnd he gnvo mo bouquet of flowers
to tako to tho palace. On my way a
lad about my age, six years, grabbed
tho flowers from my hnnd and pro
ceeded to run uwiiv. I pmiphf iiim
took the flowers, nnd whlnnert lilni. Tim
timn t una i. . i "uiou V.IUHU io uis rescue, ana it was
then I v,ns told the boy was tho crown prince. Being n boyish prank tho
ofTcnso was overlooked, but I never forgot it, and nnturaUy the kalsXgreat
war power Just now Impresses it more eply ou my mind "
Oermnn nT n u V. MtMto Ho was at ono tlmo in tbo
German navy. Ho has lived in Hackensack, N. J., for 30 or moro years.
