THE 8EMI.WEEKLV TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA,
CONSTRUCTION OF DAIiW-TO
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Most dairymen realize that in order to produce
milk or cream of the best quality it is desirable
to have a dairy house so constructed and
equipped that the products may be cared for in,
the most convenient and satisfactory manner
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v 1' IS Impossible to draw a pin ti of ti
I tlnlry house tlint will moot the re
quirements of every Individual cane. In
order to design n plan properly, It Is
necessary to know the size of the herd,
how the product Is to he disposed of
(whether as wholo in I lk, cream, or
butter), tlio location of the barn, well,
etc However, there are a few general
principles that should be followed In
the building of any dairy house.
Location. Although the dairy house
should bo near enough to the barn to
bo convenient, it should not bo directly
connected with the barn because It Is
then likely to bo filled with stable
odors which ore absorbed by the milk
or cream. It Is well to leave an open
nlr spaco of six to ten feet between the
barn and the dairy house Placing the
dairy houso on the sldo of the barn
opposite tho barnyard also lessens the
chnnco of stable odors being absorbed
by tho milk. Proper drulnago from
tho dairy house is Important nnd must
bo considered when selecting tho loca
tion. Construction. Tho building material
may be drop siding, brick, or concrete
depending upon tho Investment tho
builder desires to make. Tho lnsldo
walls should ho smooth. Plastered
walls aro prcferablo since bourd walls
luivo c tendency to rot, especially closo
to tho lloor. Rotting can bo obviated
to a certain extent by plastering tho
walls up to n height of about threo
TteoL
Tho building Bhould bo so parti
tioned that tho milk room, wush room,
and boiler room aro separate. The
rooms should bo well lighted by win
dows, and ventilation should bo sup
plied by an opening plnced In tho cell
ing of each room. Each ventilator
should bo fitted with somo sort of
damper to regulato Its action.
A solid nnd impervious floor Is es
sential. A cement lloor meets these
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requirements very well. A wooden
lloor Is very unsatisfactory becnuso It
Is not durable, does not dry quickly,
collects 111th, and when wet Is allppory
nnd hard to work on. Tho floors
Bhould have n good Blopo leading to
flrnlns fitted with proper traps.
Water Supply. An ubundauco of
clean, cold, running water Is neces
Bury. If tho location Is such that wa
ter from a municipal water system
cannot bo supplied, It may ho obtained
from nn clovuted tank or by means of
h compressed ulr system.
I Equipment Tho dairy houso equip
ment depends lurgely upon tho pur
poso for which tho houso Is to bo used.
A boiler Is tho most convenient means
;of furnishing steam and hot water for
wushlng and sterilizing cuns and uten
lls. An upright boiler of two to four
ltorso power will serve tho purpose
Tho washroom should contain a
lnk having n drain board. The drain
board may bo fitted with steam and
water connections so that tho cans and
palls cau be rinsed and steamed after
they are washed. It Is deslrablo to
have draining racks for cans and palls,
and n closet In which to keep utensils.
Every dairy house should have a Bub
cock milk testing outfit, which may be
either hand or steam driven. Further
equipment will depend upon which of
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' MIX ROOM
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tho following purposes
houso is to serve, namely:
wholo milk In bulk; (2) making butter
or selling cream; and (8) bottling
milk on tho farm.
The Illustrations shown aro designed
for dairies with ns many as twenty-
five cows In tho herd. For lnrgor
herds it may bo necessary to build u
dairy houso having larger dimensions
than those submitted. If it is not In
tended to have tho dairy houso fitted
with a holler room nnd n washroom,
It may bo made smaller than suggest
ed by eliminating that part of tho
building duvotcd to such rooms.
Dairy House for Selling Whole Milk
In Bulk.
Tho mllkroom should contnln a coll
cooler for cooling tho milk ns quickly
as possible after It Is drawn. Tho milk
may then bo put into eight or ten
gallon cans and set In tho cooling
tank, or the preliminary cooling may
be omitted and tho cans of wnrtu milk
placed In the cooling tank. Tho cool
ing tank may bo fitted with water con
nections so that tho milk can be kept
cold by running water, or the tnk
may bo Insulated and fitted with n lid
so that Ice may be placed In the cool
ing water. The latter Is not necessary
If there is a good supply of cold water
which will keep tho milk nt a temper-
aturo below 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
A hand-separator may bo Installed
In case of the necessity of skimming
surplus milk.
Dairy House for Selling Cream or
Making Buttor.
Selling cream necessitates tho uso of
a centrifugal separator and a cooling
tank or refrlgerutor. Making butter
requires tho additional equipment of n
churn, and a table upon which to print
and wrap tho butter. The cooling tank
may bo built of a slzo depending on
tho amount of material to be kept
cool. Tho cream should bo cooled di-
rectly after skimming and kept cool
until It Is delivered or ripened for
churning, as tho caso may be.
A gasoline engine may ho Installed
In tho washroom to furnish power for
separating and churning. If such an
enginu Is used, the exhaust should ho
piped through tho roof of tho building
In order to avoid tho possibility of the
gasoline flavor being absorbed by tho
cream.
Dairy Houee for Bottling Milk.
For bottling milk on tho farm Uio
dairy houso should bo larger and con-'
tain more equipment than Is required
for tho two above-mentioned purposes.
A double-compartment sink Is conveni
ent for washing and rinsing bottles.
There Bhould bo n sterilizer for Bterll-
lzlng nil bottles beforo they nro filled.
This may bo used also to sterilize tho
milk pnlls, cooler and tho bottler. Tho
sterilizer may bo constructed of hollow
tile plastered with cement plaster, or
of heavy galvanized sheet Iron rein
forced with angle Iron. A drain
should bo plnced In the floor of tho
sterilizer and a ventilator with a tight
tltttng damper lit tho celling. Shelves
may bo arranged so that they will
hold the bottles In an Inverted posi
tion, or, If enses of tho proper kind
nro used, the bottles can be put Into
Damr House For BoTTL.ma Milk.
the dairy
(1) selling
tho cures and the cases Inverted. It Is
necessary to allow tho bottles to cool
before filling with tho cold milk In
order to prevent breakage, ns well ns
to avoid warming the milk. A bot
tling tablo or smnll bottler may be
used In bottling the milk. A well-constructed
refrigerator Is necessary for
storing tho bottled milk until it Is de
livered. In constructing n refrigerator, prop
er Insulation Is extremely Important In
order to maintain a low temperature
and to use ice economically. Either
cork board or water-proof lath makes
a very efllclent insulation. These inn
terials can be obtained in sheets 12
Incites wide, SO Inches long and 2
Inches thick. Tltcso sheets can be ap
plied In the same way as lumber, and
hence nro very convenient to use. A
refrigerator for storing milk, if built
on the ground, should have the floor
Insulated with two inches of this ma
terial and tho walls and celling with
four Inches. When putting on this In
sulation It Is best to use two layers
und break tho joints in each direction.
A slush coat of cement plaster should
bo put in between the two layers and
the outside, covered with cement plas
ter. Tho doors should bo tight-fitting
und well-lnsulnted. The Ice bunker
should be placed In the upper part of
the refrigerator and tho air shafts
should bo so constructed as to obtain
a good circulation of air. The Illus
tration shows tho proper method of
Insulating a refrigerator and also tho
cpnstructlon ncccssnry to give the
proper circulation of air.
Tho mllkroom should havo some
sort of cooler for cooling tho milk rap
idly to n temperature below 50 degrees
Fahrenheit. As the milk Is put Into
the cooler supply can It may be
strained through cotton outing flannel
or through absorbent cotton hold be
tween cheesecloths.
A separator should bo Installed el so
for skimming surplus milk or to sup
ply cream for tho cream trade.
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HOSPITAL ALONG NEW LINES
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Qamr House for Making Butter
New York Institution That Will Be
Devoted Exclusively to Cases
Calling for Diagnosis.
There Is soon to bo established In
Now York the first diagnostic hospital
In this country, which will perform In
tho highly specialized medlclno of to
day tho function of tho old family phy
sician of CO years ago, says the New
York Times. It will look over n patient
suffering from nn unidentified ailment,
find out what Is the matter with hlui
and direct him to n specialist If ho can
afford It. If not, he will bo, sent back
to tho general practitioner under whoso
caro ho has been, with a complete diag
nosis of his disease, a plan for treating
It suggested by compotent specialists,
nnd references to recent literature on
the subject.
Tho officers of tho New York Diag
nostic society, which Is planning the
new institution, are Dr. M. Joseph Man-
delbnum, president ; Dr. Do Witt Stet
ton, first vlco president; Dr. Otto Hen
scl, secoud vlco president; Dr. Julius
Auerbnch, treasurer; Dr. Monroo
Kunstlcr, secretary. There are about
1100 physicians and surgeons among the
nssotiata members. About $100,000 has
already been mined by tho building
fund committee, of which David
Fraukel Is chairman, nnd only $50,000
Is still required to complete the sum
needed for buildings nnd grounds,
which will be In a central part of Man
hnttau.
It Is hoped that the Institution will
be self-supporting, and Doctor Mandel
bnum has worked out u plan of Install
ment payments which he thinks will
bring nbout the r-sult. "I know thts
will appear starting," he said, "to
those who aro not In tho habit of look
ing at these matters from tho stand
point of dollars und cents. But this Is
a practical plan nnd therefore must be
considered from the most easily applied
llnanclul basis. This method of jtay
ment will he especially for those who
are wage earners, whereby If their ap
plication for diagnostic services is ap
proved by their employers or others
equally responsible, a method of small
periodic payments will securo for them
the very best diagnostic skill."
Tho need for such an institution was
first pointed out by Dr. Charles II.
Mayo in an address beforo tho Catholic
Hospital association of Milwaukee.
Doctor Mayo expressed tho opinion
that tho ono great present day need In
the dlroctlon of hospital advancement
was a hospital devoted exclusively to
diagnosis.
Pattens.
Americans And It more difficult than
tho English to understand what Dick
ens means when ho says In "Da
vid Copperfleld :" "Women went
clicking along tho pavement In put
tens." Pattens wero an abbreviated
form of stilts. Tho word is also
used by builders as tho name of the
buso of u column or pillar, and so,
urchltecturnlly, tho pattern is tho sup
port used by a woman to keep her out
of tho water and mud. From this
architectural use has corao the second
ary application of tho word, meaning
an arrangement attached to tho shoo,
so that the walker Is raised threo or
four Inches above the solid earth. If
the mud nnd wntor did not exceed that
depth, the shoes wero thus kept, fairly
dry. It appears thnt pattens were ttot
worn solely by tho rich, but wero luxu
rlcs Indulged In by tho very poor. In
speaking of a person who was
not especially speedy, Uen Jonson uses
tho comparison, "You make no more
Mttsto now than a beggar upon pat
tons." In tho ballad of "Farmer's Old
Wife" occurs this startling expression
"She m with her pattens, nnd bent
out their brains."
Altogether Different
There nro lots of smart people In
tho world, but smartness Isn't always
Intelligence. Smartness Is something
a fellow ratty havo to show. Intelll
gence Is something everybody cau see,
AN ACCOMPLISHED EMPRESS
Zlto, tho new empress of Austria
Hungary, from her early days has been
studious and Is an accomplished mu
sician and well versed in literature, his
tory and philosophy. She nlso Is fond
of society nnd Is ti graceful dancer.
Empress Zlta was born In the Vil
la Ileale at I'lnnorc in the Italian
province of Lucca, May 0, 1802, the
daughter of Duke Robert and Duchess
Maria Antoinette of Parma. She Is
of Bourbon descent. Her early train
ing was In the 'hands of the Marqulso
Delia Rosa.
Later she entered n convent at
Zangbert, where she presided now nnd
then as organist In the chapel.
After her father's death, Princess
Zlta In 1008 spent some time In the
Ityde convent, Isle of Wight, where
her sister, Princess Adelaide, Is a nun.
nere, nmong the French sisters who
had been compelled to leave France
owing to the church reform Jaw, she
studied music, literature, Latin, history nnd philosophy. Princess ZItn made
tho acquaintance of Archduke Charles Francis nt Frnnzcnsbad, Bohemia, in
tho spring of 1009, while the guest of the Archduchess Marie Annunzlata, her
cousin.
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SECOND RICHEST AMERICAN
W. A. Clark, former United States
senator from Montnnn and mine king
of the West, Is believed to bo fast over
hauling John D. Rockefeller, oil king,
ns tho richest man in America. War
prices on metal have enormously in
creased Clark's fabulous Income. One
difference between Clark and Rockefel
ler Is that Clark's holdings are In Ills
own name. His Intimates declnro he
coutd raise $100,000,000 In cash In 24
hours and that ho probably Is the only
man In the United States who can.
Clark, started his career as a bull
team driver In Montana nnd as a ped
dler of spices, baking powders and oth
er household supplies in the early days
of Butte, Mont. Ho was in on the first
whack at the "billlon-dollnr hill" in
Butte. At seventy-six years of age ho
owns extensive mining operations In
Montann, Arizona, California, Michi
gan, oil properties in Montann nnd tho
Salt Lake railroad line from Butte to
Los Angeles. United Verde, the Arizona copper mine for which Clark re
cently refused an offer of $75,000,000, Is paying $2,000,000 n month. Ills
Butto properties, though comparatively smnll, yield enormous wealth. Every
day he receives a telegraphic report of what Is done on each of his properties
and tin's he keeps posted on all operations.
Clark Is not closo with his funds. He owns a $15,000,000 home in New
York city nnd a $10,000,000 chateau In Paris, tho adopted home of his children.
BABY OF THE SENATE
"Joe" Wolcott of Delaware, who
defeated Col. Henry A. du Pont Inst
fall for tho senate, is the "baby" of the
upper house.
Rightly his name Is not "Joe;" it
Is Joslah Oliver Wolcott, and he comes
of an old family. In his veins flows
the spirit of colonlnl times, the tradi
tions of the plantation, the love of
public service.
If there be such a thing ns a real
Amerlcnn type it is represented In this
youngest member of the United States
sonnte. Down Jn Delnware there is lit
tle of what Is called "foreign Influ
ence," nnd In tho quiet town of Dover,
where ho was born, affairs havo run
along In the same chnnnel for years
nnd years, untouched by idens brought
by recent comers. It Is the old type
of Amerlcnnlsm thnt he represents.
Joslah Oliver Wolcott was born in
Dover in 1877. His father, James L.
Wolcott, was chancellor of the state of
Delaware, nis mother was Mary Mills Goodwin. Wolcott went to tho public
schools, nnd In 1800 came out of Wilmington Conference nendemy and went to
Wcsleynn university, nt MIddletown, Conn.
He hnd to work his way through the university, but got his degree In 1000
and went buck to Dover to Btudy law. Ho became a good trial lnwycr and a
good talker, no was made a deputy nttorney general by Andrew C. Gray in
1009. In 1012 he was elected attorney gencrnl of tho state, running ahead of
the ticket.
It Is no small thing to be the youngest senator of these United Stntes.
Luke Lee of Tennessee consented not to go back this time, so that his youth
will not interfere with Wolcott's claims to the baby seat. And Senator Wads
worth Is just a month nnd n half older than Wolcott.
SHERMAN LELAND WHIPPLE
Sherman Lclnnd Whipple, tho Bos
ton lawyer who wns selected by the
house committee on rules to conduct
the "lonk" Investigation regarding Pres
ident Wilson's pettco letter, has long
been regarded as ono of tho nblest and
most astute lawyers before tho courts
of Massachusetts.
For nearly 25 years Mr. Whlnple
has hnd tho reputation of being one of
the shrewdest members of his profes
sion. As n cross-examiner, he Is looked
upon by bench nnd bar alike as having
few equals and no superiors.
Mr. Whipple Is In the prime of life,
being fifty-five years old. New Hamp
shire born nnd bred, ho was educated
at Yale, graduating In 1881, beforo ho
was twenty years old. After teaching
for a year ho returned o Yale and
graduated from tho law school In 1881.
Mr. Whipple has mndo several
speeches and addresses on the subject
of reforming the courts before public
bodies and bar associations of late. The administration of the criminal laws,
Mr. Whipple contends, Is n disgrace to the country. Ho says it Is archnlc.
Ho tnkes the ground that the guilty man should not bo shielded and that a
lawyer Is not Justified In so doing. He goes so far as to say that If a mnn
confesses his guilt to n lawyer a lawyer ought to go Into court nnd Inform tho
Judge. lis predicts thnt the time will come when trials will bo conducted
to further Justice and not cheat It.
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