THE 8EMIAVEEKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEPRA8KA.
REFORM PRISONS
IN PHILIPPINES
Dr. Waller Dade Says Men Are
Schooled for Life Work
While Confined.
EDUCATION, NOT PUNISHMENT
Penal Colonies Are Self-Governed and
First Class Prisoners May Live
With Their Families on BIq
Model Farm at Iwahlg.
New York: Dr. Waller II. Dnde, di
rector of tlio burcnu of prisons in tlio
Philippines, was in this city recently
on his way to attend the American
Prison congress which wos held In
Buffalo. He has under his jurisdic
tion the Blllbld prison, at which many
of the methods of prison reform put
Into operation by Warden Thomas
Mott Osborne of Sing Sing prlBon nro
In successful operation; where the
prisoner-police are armed and where
the honor system Is highly developed.
Dcsldcs, he has chnrgo of the great
Iwnhlg penal colony, whero tlio pris
oners follow agricultural pursuits uu
der government patronage, and whero
thoy livo with their wives, In their
own houses and raise and cducnto
their children and where many elect
to remain oven after the term of their
Imprisonment has expired.
Doctor Dado left tlio Philippines on
July 2 and crime to San Francisco on
the United Stntes transport Buford.
Bofore ho left Dlllbld the prisoners
turned out to wish him godspeed, tho
prison bund serenaded him and tho
men in tho workshops presented him
with two carved silver-topped canes
and a gold watch and chain.
, Prison Well Located.
"Through tho bureau-of prisons tho
government has established a uniform
method of dealing with nil tho prisons
In tho Philippines," he said. "All are
controlled through headquarters at
Blllbld. Tho great prison colony at
Iwahlg Is Ideally situated at Palawan,
soven miles up tho Iwahlg riven Hero
wo havo 1,400 colonists located on
100,000 acres. Tho colony Is self-sup-
-
U. S. TO HAV GOOD FLYERS
CURE DREAD T-B'
N STATE PRISON
Tennessee Has Taken Steps to
Stop Consumption Spread
Behind the Bars.
War Department Finds This Nation
Far Behind Europe's Military
Aviation Efficiency.
Washington. Plans for the develop
ment of military nvlatlon under tho
urmy appropriation act hnvo been
worked out by tho war department
and arc now being put In opcratlou.
The scope of tho plans, as Indicated by
army olllccrs, furnishes striking proof
of u determination to approximate at
least the elllclency of the I'ninous
French Aviation, corps.
From 1011 until March 1, 1010, only
5000,000 was appropriated for avia
tion In tho army. This amount does
not Include th6 purchase price of tho
first Wright machine, but represents
nnnunl appropriations of $200,000 to
$250,000 for tho entire service.
For the present llscal year the war
department has $1:1,231,000 for avia
tion. In previous years there was no
money or very llttlo avallablo for pur
chase of machines or development of
motors. Tho development of military
aeroplanes progressed slowly. Tho
previous appropriations were expend
ed In tho training of ofllcers for tho
service.
Under the new law tho aviation
corps Is to have the following ofllcers:
Ono colonel, one lieutenant colonel,
eight majors, 24 captains and 114 first
lieutenants. With this stuff of ofllcers
to direct tho training of military avia
tors, to develop machines and to ban
dlo tho ndmlnlstrnllvo features, tho
United Stutes takes u long stride for
ward, sands have died within tho walls from
Just as Fruuco has selected for her tuberculosis, or If they survived, have
Hying corps tho men best adapted to transmitted tho germs to their fnml
this work, the United States now has hcs and associates. Thus "Innocent
a policy which Is expected to put cf- and guilty have suffered together, hav-
flclcncy Into the service. This policy iK battled feebly nnd futllely In,
Is of voluntary service In tho aviation their ignorance of the first principles
section. No army officer can bo ue- 0f sanitation, and havo died." Con
tailed unless ho has mado formal nppll- dltlons gradually became so raennc-
cation of his desire for this kind of ing that In 1015 tho stato legislature
work. In addition, tho department re- paSsed a bill appropriating $10,000 for
quires of ofllcers In the corps a collego the erection of u tuberculosis prison
education or Us equivalent. hospital, and by this act tho old sys
The department lias 10 macnines torn was wined out. foi
i x l....,1 ..t Ci. rtlnrrn. 1 I
nuu iwu iijuiuimiuvn hi o" "ivhu, J, . Timea Past.
BEST OF CARE FOR PATIENTS
Formerly Penitentiary Sentence Was
Death Sentence for Large Number
of Men Some Gave Plague
to Those Outside.
Jollct, 111. Of tho multlplo curses
of prison llfo tuberculosis has
been considered far from the IcasL
Convicts developed or contracted It
during their term, and when dis
charged carried It out into the world
with them. '
It Is tho "hoary specter that' haunts
and contaminates tho old-timo cell
blocks common to many of our famous
penal institutions," says tho Jollct
Prison Post of Illinois, which presents
an example of tho now order of things
In the model hospital cf the stnte pris
on of Tennessee. The article Is sum
marized In the Literary Digest.
Since tho first penitentiary was built
In tho latter state, more than a cen
tury ago, tho writer Informs us, thou
KEEPING UP COUNTRY ROADS
Road Drag, Applied at Right Time and
In Proper Manner Will Do the
Trick Every Time.
That country roads can bo kept dur
ing most of the year equal to or bet
ter than piked or macadam roads hni
been proved time nnd again. The. road
drng applied at the right time and in
tho right way will do tho trick every
time. Of course, tho road must bo
properly drained nnd rounded up first.
But demonstrations nil over the coun
try have shown that in most instances
this can be done nt a comparatively
small cost
The great need today Is for the
farmer to realize the value of good
roads. Tho cost of poor roads tb tho
farmer in dollars and cents 1ms been
figured out. Every rut and mud holo
uses so much strength of tho team
nnd wears out tho wagon so much
sooner than If the road was good.
Tho size of tho load Is' limited by the
pleco of bad road or the hill which
uses tho strength of tho team to the
limit. A ten-mile haul may bo limited
by an eighth of a mile of bad road.
two-ton lond may havo to bo re
duced to ono ton because of n single
hill.
at Columbus, N. M., Including a twin
tructor battle plane ; four hydroplnncs
at Manila, two aeroplanes at San An
tonio, four at Mlneolu, N. Y., nnd four
at Chicago. There nro now nearlng
completion 12 machines for u new
squadron of flyers nt San Diego nnd
live now twin trnctors.
This Is a picture of the new army aeroplane model Just completed by the
Curtlss company. It Is remarkable In that It has no exposed wiring and Is
designed so as to offer the least resistance to tho atmosphere. In official
tests the machine attained a speed of 110 miles an hour. After somo small
changes have been made, It Is expected the plane will be able to travel at
125 miles an hour and rise to a height of more than a mile In about ten
minutes.
"Tho time wns past when the- sick
and, healthy were placed together
within narrow cells. Tho tlino was
past when a term of years in the state
prison carried with it a sentence to
almost certain death, to a fight against
'overwhelming odds with tho inhu-
inanity of a system that weakened the
most robust; a system that prepared
In a most subtle way tho human body
for the tentacles of the prison octo
pus tho great white plngtto. No
longer was tho state prison to remain
a living death. Inmates of the state
prlsonswero to bo treated as human
beings.
"Ten acres wcro staked out. Ten
acres adjoining tlio prison walls, but
as fur as possible from tho clang of
the entrance gntes. Ten acres as far
nwny as possible from tlio stono-
ilugged corridors of the main prison,
urn. yuc io uu u pun ui ii, iur iuuhk
the line of stakes another wall arose.
There were no factories ' within tho
now lnclosure, there were no concrete
sidewalks that marked tho path of tlio
inmates from their steel-barred sleep
Ing quarters to the doors of the man
ufucturlng plants or to tho stone steps
of tho dining halls.
porting, nnd to assist the efforts of the !
prisoners, or colonists, tho government
has set nfjldo n strip of Bhore, and for
three miles oft shore only tho colonists
aro permitted to fish. Tho mnln object
of tho prison system Is educational,
and wo strive always to fit tho men
for llfo outsido prison walls. Indeed,
every prisoner with moro than a year
to servo must learn trade, and In tlio
selection of It wo are guided first by
the-wishes of the men and then by
what their life on the outsido has fit
ted them for. It must bo understood
that tho peoplo there do not view go
ing to prison as we do here.
Prisoners Qo by Ranks.
"Tho prisoners havo to earn tho
right to go to the colony and most of
thent are spurred on by this ambition.
A- first-class prisoner In Blllbld be
comes n fourth-chins prisoner In Iwn
hlg, which means that, having won the
right to enter tho colony, ho must
then cam tho right to first rank In tho
colony. After n yenr ho may send for
his family, or If single ho may marry.
Should ho elect to follow agricultural
pursuits ho receives twelvo and a half
acres to cultivate. Tho Government
furnishes him with ono work animal,
tho necessary Implements nnd seeds,
builds him u house in .which to live,
and assigns an Instructor to touch
him. Also ho can deal nt the co-operative
store. Tho only condition im
posed Is that he must share with the
Government half and half until It Is
reimbursed for the goods furnished
to him. The offlclutH see that ho has'
a market for his produce. There, on
his own farm, ho can settle down to
self-respecting work and his children
havo opportunity for education and to
learn useful trades.
"Tho entire colony Is mnnuged by
the colonists. They havo their own
court, their own police, and their own
lighting and water systems, indeed,
It might bo satd that the colony en
Joys every modern advantage. Those
who do not tuko up land have other
employment. They -work in the pow
er houses or In the workshops or In
some other lino of activity. Wo have
,a great plunt there, und there Is work
for ull."
Dr. Dude exhibited with prldo some
samples rom tho prison workshop.
t and ho snld that foreign houses timln
tain buyers In Manila especially to
tV no products of the prisoners,
. - I til L1IU 11I1WU1U Ul 1.11V IUL UllliSU
Olio of tho first mid chief nlnna of i. i.i..i ...m.h.. .,..,
,,. . . , . :. " I mu nullum uuuuuit,, tuiion uviuu
ll. i'r'!1 Is (,stllbll8h'cnt o' along the most approved Hues of a
V " "' ii-nurvu oiucers. mmlm-n hosnltnl strnptiirn. Rrnrtoil
All ntMimni'lnt Inn nf tnnn nnn i.. ......i I . . . .
.i ?. . " TW.'T " ",,,u" in tlio shnpo of n high II,' It was
...... iutiuai. aiuuum iiiivu neen
estobllshed at Mlueola, N. 1'., Chicago
nnd Snn Antonio, In addition to tho
MChool of tho roL'tilor nrmv nt Sim
uiego.
TEACHING THE HUGHES HOLD!
Gen. hie Sam Hughes, minister of
militia of Canada, teaching to Canu
dlitn soldiers the "Hughes hold," by
wiucu u man's nccic muy bo broken.
planned to give the Inmates a muxl
mum of fresh nlr, recognized as the
most Important weapon In tho light
for tho euro of tho disease. There Is
nothing fancy or ornato about It. It
Is a brown-stained building In which
everything Is sacrificed for the com
fort nnd wclfnre pf tho patients."
Everything Very Clean.
One's first Impression of the place,
tho writer relates, Is of the "spotless-
ness of everything." Tho walls nro
white, the floors, stained and waxed,
nro polished to tho brilliancy of a mir
ror. There aro separate quarters for
white and negro patients, but they aro
exactly the same In appointment nnd
tho same quullty is observed In food,
treatment and attendance. Meals,
which are said to bo plentiful und va
ried, aro served by white-coated wait
ers in n wcu-iignteu dining room,
"unild surroundings Hint suggest ti
well-uppolnted cufo Instead of a mes'
hall in u penal institution, nil of
which, though, Is nccessnry under tho
approved system of fighting the
plague." The nrtlclo continues:
"During tho day, unless reduced to
the third grade, , which necessitates
the wearing of prison stripes, tho pn-
tlents aro pormltted to go anywhere
within the confines of the walls, only
being required to bo back In tho build-
lug at roll cnll at the supper hour.
Their Umo Is their own, nnd may b6
used uh iney seo nt, in reading or enru
playing, or merely loafing,
"Over on (he negroes' sldo of the In-
closure a hnllground has been laid off,
and any morning or afternoon, when
HIGH TEST OF CIVILIZATION
Man Is Road Maker and Progressive-
ness of Community May Be Gauged
by Its Highways.
A man driving In tho country enroo
to a stone which hnd rolled, Into the
road, no could have gone around tho
stone, but, Instead of doing that, ho
stopped nnd got out nnd rolled the
stone nwny ; not for his own sake, for
ho never expected to pass along that
road again, but for the sake of others
who would come after him.
"That man," says the Farm nnd
Fireside, which told the story, "re
sponded to a high, very high test of
civilization. He felt socially." Sav
ages do not make roads; their paths
follow tho lines of least resistance
nnd go around obstructions. Civilized
man Is a road maker, nnd the progres-
slveness of a community may be
gauged by Its roads. Tho higher the
state of civilization tho better tlio
roads.
A man may bo judged, too, by his
attitude toward roads.
WA5I11N
Designing Great Field Howitzers for Our Army
WASHINGTON. Army ordnance experts nro nt work on designs for huge
field howitzers ns large ns or1 larger than tho German 42-centImcter guns
which wrecked Belgium nnd French forts early in the war. They will be at
least 10-Inch caliber, with a range of
12 to 15 miles, hurling a projectile'
weighing moro than a ton nnd carry
ing a large amount of high explosive.
In addition to placing several of
these mammoth weapons nlong tho
const line for mobile defense agnlnst
navnl nttnpk, army officials are now
considering the creation of a special
regiment, equipped with six howitzers,
to work ns n unit of tlio mobile army.
The problem confronting the design-
v ers in that regard Is to distribute tho
enormous weight of the gun nnd carriage in such a way that it can bo
moved over any good road.
That difficulty is a determining factor in heavy artillery designs. Around
a few of tho largest cities well-ballasted roads which would support the
weight of the huge guns can be found, but even such u highway ns tho post
road from Boston to New York, MIs snld, has many sections so lightly built
that tho great weight would crush through.
Good Roads Mean.
Better farmers nnd greater
furm efficiency.
Larger production, cheaper
distribution ; hence cheaper com
modities. Purer milk nnd fresher vege
tables. ,
More work accomplished nnd
more time for pleasure.
More tourists and moro money
spent at homo.
Less gasoline, less tire trou
ble, moro comfort.
Better rurnl schools, better
school nttendance.
Better rural churches nnd bet
ter social conditions.
Moro uttractlvo rurnl homes,
und more boys staying on tho
farm.
Greater progress, better citi
zenship. Who can doubt tho urgency of
nn improvement that will tend
toward these conditions? S. 13.
Bradt.
How Four Girls From Ohio Got Coveted Tickets
OUT in Cleveland, O., there are four young women who nro telling how they
saw the president deliver his railroad strike message to the Joint session
of congress. The day the sennte and house met together there wns the usual
scramble for seats in the galleries.
This privilege Is ns valuable as a gold
bearing claim In the Rocky mountains.
Each senator gets one ticket for the
galleries; each representative gets
one, nnd there nro n few fnvored offl
clnls of congress who get from five to
ten nplece. Upon this occnslon there
were tho usual number of visitors In
town, ench one of whom believed
fervently thnt nil he had to do was
to descend upon his representative or
senator nnd ask for the gallery privi
lege nnd receive It This might bo true if the gnllerles held 10,000 peoplo
instead of 000. .
Tho four young women from Cleveland, luckier than most visitors, re
ceived one ticket, to be parceled nmong tho quartet. They were seated in tho
restaurant of the house of representatives nt lunch planning to draw lots to
see which ono should tnke the prized ticket, nnd just as they had settled this
point one of them shrieked aloud and jumped from her chair with a brand
new silk dress soaking with coffee.
At the snmo moment, Theodore Tiller, president of the National Press
nnd veteran of the press gallery of the house, arose with confusion covering,
him from head to foot He felt, he said, ns If he was about to bo hanged.
Apologies dripped from him, nnd ho resembled the last rose of summer and
other sad spectacles.
There was no question nbout the dress being spoiled. Tiller hnd upset
n largo cup of coffee, nnd every bit of it had fallen Into tho young woman's
lap.
Suddenly she said:
"Are you a member of congress?"
Mr. Tiller resented tho accusation.
"Because If you are," continued tlio coffee-stained one, "If you would get
us n ticket to the gnllery todny I would forgive you."
She said that Representative Gordon of Ohio had promised to get one foe
her, but thnt he had not shown up.
"Tickets nro hard to get," said Tiller, "but I will see what I can do."
He then left the restaurant In ten minutes Mr. Tiller appeared again
with three gallery tickets. Where he got them no one knows, but the lady-
with the coffee In her lap is understood to have said, Just before leaving:
tho cnpltol:
"Oh, Mr. Tiller, if you get us tickets every time tho president speaks
you can pour coffee on me all you want."
ESTIMATE OF" AVERAGE LOAD
In
This Country It Is About 1,400
Pounds, While Over European
Roads It Is 3,300 Pounds.
It Is estimated that over our dirt
roads, when level, tho uverngo load
drawn by ono horse is nbout 1,400
pounds and, when the ronds aro hilly,
about 1,000 pounds. In Frnnco nnd
Germany, with Improved roads, the av
crngo load Is about 0,300 pounds. Other
estimates show that 5,000,000,000 tons
of freight pass over tho highways every
year, with nn uverngo haul of less than
ten miles. Tho nverngo cost Is 23 cents
a ton a mile. On good roads tlio cost
would not exceed eight cents n ton a
mile.
Tho greater part of such freight con-
Blsts of farm products and the un
necessary cost of transportation Is not
U. S. Best at Bomb Throwlno.
Pol-t ItoVlll. S. C AhipH
Intently the best bomb and grenade, t,,e wo"'ncr permits, n bull gumo mnj only lost to tlio farmer but added to
uirowfrs in the world and urn pimniii pruss, A guiuir, a Danjo uio cost paiu ny uio consumers.
m . I i .1 m ti . I
ot waging wonderful trench warfuro In "l,u ,ua,H "l wen-worn piuying
case or Hostilities, say United States cuni9 ,'e'1' ,n Pn8SlB two time away
murine corps oHIcera In charge of re- 11,1,11 I'tluWtH are well enough to take
cfult training ut this place. their turns at work on the prison
Roads Ara Not Fit
Tho farmer is good enough nnd often
rich enough to rldo in an automobile
I (whenover ho wants to, but tho ronds
' nra not fit tn rldn nvor nniph of the
and nrcuracy, and it is because of that called, are not pormltted to remain . time.
we us a nation nro especially fitted to Idle after their condition Improves so
wuge the modern war of tho trendies, that they can work without Injury.
niBfuuii ciicourngeu nt nil our stn- As tlio uuiy trips- to the scnlo show
tlons mid the skill displayed by ma- Improvement tn weight, as their nnn...
finesoven untrained recruits In tho tltes return and as their gentral con
bomb nnd grenado throwing prnctlco Is dltlon improves, they ure sent to tho
icuiiy remnrunme," mud Drill Sergeant farm for light work or put at somo
iuiwre, tuc Inat.ln tlio InrtnKiii-n"
MM. i. .
ux-t.it," -iinerieaii youin curly
lourns to throw n baseball with snced "The T-B' patleuts, as they aro ' nro not fit to rldo over much of the
Cultivation of Beans.
Bo suro not to cultlvato beans when
they aro wet Such Is likely to spread
blight nnd authracnose.
Good Road Is Cheapest.
A good country road costs less than
I ONLY WANT
SOME" UTTL6
JOB THAT WILL
KEEP SOUL M
H TOGErHER
Old Civil War Veteran Seeks Small Navy Berth
AN OLD man In his eightieth yccr. who ran ammunition down the Potomac
river during the Civil war and piloted transports that brought the dead
nnd wounded of the battle of the Wilderness to Wnshlngton, came to the navy
department the other day looking for
n job.
"I've done too much for my coun
try to be left to starve," he told naval
ofllcers to whom ho made his applica
tion. "My $24 n month pension is just
enough to sturve on."
Tho old man was William Key,
who has lived alone in Southwest
Washington since his wife died n year
ago.
He was unable to see Secrefary
Daniels, but other officers nt tho de
partment told him nil tho civilian navy positions were under the civil service.
"Why don't you go to the Soldiers' home?" one of the naval officers asked
him.
"I'm a sailor man from tip to toe," tho patriarchal Key replied, "and
soldiers and sailors don't agree."
The vctcron brought with him to the navy department his record, as pub
lished by tho United States Army nnd Navy Historical association, and which
showed he had been active In tho Union side all during the war after ho
escaped from tho Confederate nnvy, into which he had been conscripted for
three months.
"I've never asked the government for anything before," the veteran said
when ho camo to tho nnvy department "And now I oBly want some llttlo
Job thnt will enablo mo to keep soul and body together."
The vcternn left the navy department dlsappbinted, but not yet ready to.
give up his quest for a Job.
niiv v I CH5o "1
Capitol Employee Posed for Pediment Statuary
JOHN A. MARTIN, electrician employed at the capltol. Is the orlglnnl of the
Ironworker in the group of statuary recently pVut.il on the pediment of
tho house wing of tho capltol. This fact became known when n letter of the-
sculptor, Paul Bartlett, and ono of
Superintendent Elliott Woods of the
rtrf vwy tlWa to friends by Mr.
Martin.
The Ironworker In tho group of
titntunry Is nn important part of tho
whole figure, which represents Pence
protecting GcnJti He Is n compan
ion piece to the character in the group
which represents agriculture, the
sculptor ezp?cialng in his address at
the unveiling thnt agriculture and. tho
Iron Industry form tho fundamentals
of the country's prosperity. Mr. Martin, who became acquainted with Paul
Bartlett some time ago, was asked by tho sculptor to poso for this part of the
group. Later Elliott Woods, superintendent of the capltol, wrote tho follow
ing letter to Murtln:
"I am requested to extend the thanks of Paul Bartlett, sculptor, for youi
kindness in posing for some portions of the modeling for tho statuary to bo,
Instnllcd In tlio pediment of the house wlng of tho cnpltol. It Is n compli
ment to you thnt n great nrtlst like Mr. Bartletf (mould so npprove of your
physical development as to want you. to poso for one of these figures. It
ought to be a source of somo further gratification -that you have contributed
t this manner to ono of tho great pieces of art for the nation's cnpltol."
doing without it