THE 8EMI-WEEKLY TfllBUNE, NORTH PLATTE, NEBRA8KA.
Tin Tncfepjairr
"THE REBEL CAPTAIN"
I
By
Colonies of honey makers
necessary to fruit raising
because they are the chief
fertilizing agent : : And
there can be nothing more
tempting than hot biscuit
and honey for breakfast
on a crisp winter morning
ROBERT H. MOULTON.
AKMEItH In tlilB country nro Just
coining to rcullzo tho debt which
thoy owo to the lionoy hoe. It
hnH long been understood, of
course, thnt this busy ltttlo In
sect fertilizes tho blossoms of up
plo nnd other fruit trees and so
helps to Increase tho crop, yet
tho ben hns seldom been credited
with doing so much good as Is
actually the case. Indeed, In
times pust some fruit growers
have sought to get rid of the
bees on tho ground thnt they daaingo the ripe
fruit. Tho crop so quickly decrensed In size, how
over, that the fruit men wcro glad enough to
have tho bees bnck again. There Is n well-es-tahllshcd
bcllof thnt bees puncturo grapes In or
der to extract tho sweet Juice, but tho fallacy of
this belief has been proved beyond a doubt. Illpc
fruit has been placed Inside a hc'chlve, with thou
sands of tho Insects present, hut It has not been
molested. It Is true that If hornets or birds make
holes In grnpes, pears or other ripe frulf, tho bees
will feed on the Julco which Is exuded. In point
of fact, tho Juwb of tho honey bee are so made
that It would bo unable to blto Into or otherwise
mnko Holes In fruit, oven If It hud a will to do so.
Orchards In which bees nro present In large
numbers aro almost always much more productive
than tlioHo In which only a fow bees nro to be
found and ninny applo growers aro now es
tablishing apiaries In or near their orchards. It Is
not .necessary to have tho hives actually under tho
trees and It may bo better to hnvo them In an ad
Joining field If tho orchard Is to be cultivated, as
othcrwlso tho hives might bo In tho way and tho
horses stung. Hops seem to huvo nn Instinctive
dlsllko for horses nnd will even attack tho bee
keeper sotnotlmes If ho starts to work In tho bee
yard when tho odor of horses Is upon his clothing.
Beekeeping Is not to be recommended to hostlers.
To tho orchnrdlst tho honey and wax which he
Kota from his bees nro merely by-products. An
oxtrn yield In fruit Is what ho Is after. And he
guts It, us may be Judged from an Instance cited
by one of tho stnto experiment stations. It seems
that two orchards sltunted In tho same .part of
tho country wero cultivated In exactly tho same
manner nnd had tho name kinds of trees. Vet onu
was prolific nnd tho other a fnllur. When tho
experiment station wns appealed to, tho trouble
was diagnosed as a lock of bees to pollinate the
flowers. "You nro wrong," the answer was Hushed
backr "foe thcro nro no bees In either orchard.'
Tho Inspector wus not convinced, however, nnd
nftcr n search ho found a very strong colony of
bees In n fallen log In ono corner or the bearing
orchard. Bees wero Immediately Installed In the
other orchard by the owner, and as a result he
netted nearly $4,000 tho next season pretty good
Interest on nu Investment of $15 or $20 in bees,
i Mont people do not know that un applo blossom
requires to bo fertilized several times In ord.ur,
to produce tho best fruit, but this Is a fact. More
over, tho blossoms of soma trees must bo polllnlzed
from another source If fruit is to ho set. The
work Is done largely by honoy bees, although wild
bees and other Insects help out to some extent.
Once, as a test case, 2,580 applo blossoms were
covered In order to keep tho bees away, and only
thrdo apples matured. Of course, tho boo does not
polllnlzo tho blossoms purposely. She Is In search
CA7T&5 Q.UEN,i5AV3 WARM
a
WXEfttS ATA JTArAPtAJlY DZPJOftJrtA TJOJi
of nectar from which to make honey, but all uu
consciously she brushes tho pollen from ono flower
nnd carries It along to another, thus cnrrylng on
her part of nature's plnu. Tho value derived from
tho cross fertilization of blossoms In this way Is
probably much greater than that of nil the honey
and wax made by the sum total of all tho bees In
tho country.
It Is practically Impossible to grow cucumbers
in the greenhouse unless bess aro depended upqn
to fertilize tho blossoms, and so tho murkot gar
deners urb obliged to yield tribute to this useful
Insect. Even In thu dead of wlntor, with snow
drifts six feet high outside, thousands of bees aro
to bu found flying around In tho great glass houses
where cucumbors nro produced for tho cxcluslvo
winter trade. It Is true that tho bees got but lit
tle nectur from tho blossoms nnd huvo to bo fed
on sugar sirup, but thoy accomplish tho purpose
of transferring pollen from ono llowor to another.
Of courqo this work might bo dono artificially.
That Is, u inan might go from ono blossom to an
other with a small brush and transfer tho pollen,
but tho process would bo tedious nnd loo expen-
Our Opportunity In Latin America
my JOHN BARRETT, In tho Review of Reviews.
These are tho times when everybody should
be studying tho twenty American republics lying
south ot tho United 8tates. These nro tho dny
of unprecedented and legitimate opportunity In
Latin America for tho commercial and flmuiclnl
Interests of this country, This prcsont year
should bo tho beginning ot a new epoch In the
material, soclnl nnd political relations of North
and Houth America.
The next ten years nre going to bo "nil Ameri
can" years, All America is to attract tho atten
tion of all Amcrlcuns. This now development Is
Inevitable. Tho cause Is found lu the natural
wealth, resources nnd potentialities of Central
hwI goutk America, their actunl commerce and
trade, thoir remarkable progress during recent
years, together with the unceasing propaganda
of the Pan-American union, which wns ut first
oven ridiculed and little appreciated, hut Is now
gouerally Valued nnd recognized. Tho occasion
ot tills now Interest ut this moment Is tho Euro
pean war nnd tho emphnsls It hns placed upon
the geographical segregation ntid commercial soli
darity of tho nations of tho western hemisphere.
Oonstdor Latin America in any phase one pre
fers, nnd It Is worthy of keen Interest. Let us
first look at It geographically and physically. Vo
see twenty countries runglng In urea from little
Salvador, with less th&n 8,000 squnro miles, or
wualler (ban Vermont, up to mighty Brazil, with
3,200,000 fifjuuro miles, or greutor thuh tho United
States proper with Oreat BrltulSfctarown Inl In
all, they spread over nearly 0,000,000 square miles,
or three times tho connected area of tho United
States I Thoy contain mountains higher, rivers
longer and moro nuvlgablo, valleys wider and
moro fertile, and climates moro varied than thoso
of tho United States.
Noting tho population, wo find thnt Costa Rica
starts tho smnll end of the list with 400,000 In
habitants, und Brazil tops It with 20,000,000. All
Latin America supports today approximately a
population of 715,000,000, which Is Increasing by
reproduction faster than Is tho population of tho
United States. When tho now emigration from
Europe stnrts hi ufter tho war, nnd, when tho
Panama canal Is In full uso by the shipping ot n
, peaceful Kurope, this total may soon overtake and
pass that of the big sister nation of North Amer
ica. Wo aro almost astonished by tho figures of
Latln-Ainerlcan commerce. They make us respect
mnny of tho southern republics und peoples, oven
if somo other Influences may not bo so favorable
Lust year the twenty southern neighbors of the
United Stutcs, through sheer strength and capac
ity, pushed up tho total of their foreign trndo to
the huge um of nearly $3,000,000,000. This was
divided nlmost equally between exports nnd im
ports, with the uetuul bnlanco ot trade In their,
favor. Argentina, for example, with nn ambitious,
vigorous ntul prosperous people numbering about
nlno millions ot souls, conducted, a foreign com
merce valued at tho surprising total ot $000,000,
000, which makes un uverago ot about $100 per
head. Chile, a land of achievement and promise,
WAJTATrruarcnM QrAPAm,jXAWtiM8K6
slve to be feasible. It has to be done In green
houses where strawberries nre grown, for when
bees nro used the fruit Is nlways mlsshnpen, but
the winter strawberries sell for a dollar or two a
pint I
Perhaps It may he said without getting anybody
Into trouble thnt the frco use of water by spray
ing makes possible some of the remarkable ex
hibitions which bees occasionally give. Water Is
not always used, by any menus, but when It Is the
bees nre rendered surprisingly tractable nnd doc
ile. There nro no bee tamers, however, who
nro not stung at times. Indeed, they mny be
stung very often, but they are Inured to tho expe
rience nnd do not even wince. And, of course, nn
experienced beekeeper learns how to hnndlo bees
without making them ungry. Furthermore, some
bees ure much gentler than others. Many times
it Is a good plan to kill the queen In n cross col
ony and replace her with n young queen from a
quiet colony. Yet the .cross bees nre likely to be
among the best honey producers In the apiary.
Mnny farmers fall to succeed' with bees simply
because they neglect to learn anything nbout their
ronnngement. It Is true that bees do not require
u great amount of attention and do best when
left nlone most of the time. Vet there aro cer
tnln things which hnvo to be done Just nt tho right
time and In. Just tho right way. These nro the few
things that the farmer should know nbout. In
early spring, for example, the bees may easily
starve to death for lack of stores, although they
may huvo come through the winter safely. In thut
event they must be fed on sugar sirup If no honey
Is available. Equal nmounts of sugnr nnd water
muy be used and It Is best to have tho water
wnrmed, but the sugar should never be melted on
tho stove, us It Is' likely to be burned. The sirup
may bo given In ono of several different kinds of
feeders, but few ure better than a shnllow pun
from the ten-cent store with a little excel
sior in It for tho bees to walk on. If this pan
lllled with simp Is placed on top of the frames
of tho hives the bees will
quickly take the liquid down
nnd bo tided over the period
of famine.
It is a mistake for nny
farmer to try to keep bees
In tho old-fashioned box hives,
foe they cannot be mnnnged
so well nnd getting tho honey
out Is likely to be a pnlnful
iiB well us exciting procesa
Likewise, thousunds of bees
nro needlessly sncrlliccd, nnd
the hives nre nlmost sure to
bo neglected. Modern hives
cost but little, yet mny be
taken entirely to pieces nnd
the bees looked over without
the loss of a single one. And
taking honey out Is no troublo at nil, when a bee
escupo Is used, for the bees do not oven know
what Is going on.
The best why to begin beekeeping Is to buy a
colony or two from somo up-to-duto apiarist In tho
neighborhood, but n hlvo full of bees can be
shipped by express or tho Insects mny bo bought
by the pound If ono nlrendy hnB an empty hive.
Indeed, this Is n practice which Is becoming very
common, for oven experienced beekeepers often
Invest In ono, two or three-pound packages of
beos In order to build up wenk colonies. It Is not
nn unusual thing for bees ,to bo shipped nil tho
wny from Texns to Cnnndn.
Sometimes wild bees mny bo enptured in the
woods nnd brought home. Although called wild
bees, these honey makers which nre found In logs
nnd hollow trees hnvo escaped from captivity ut
some time, for there wero no honey bees in this
country until they were brought hero by tho Pil
grim Fathers.
If the farmer owns more than half u dozen colo
nies of bees It will pay him to get nn extractor.
This Is n simple device for separating tho honey
from the combs, the latter being placed In
frame which revolves nt n high ruto of Bpocd,
the liquid honey being thrown out of tho wnx cells
by centrifugal force, Just ns crenm Is separated
from milk. Then tho combs muy bo put back In
the hives for tho bees to All again. Tho farmer
enn usually get moro honey this wny nnd will
hnvo less swnrinlng.
lying on the Pacific coast of South America (like
tho states ot Callfornln, Oregon nnd Wnshlngton,
on tho Pnclftc slope of tho United Stntes), cover
ing nn nrcu of nearly 300,000 squnro miles, or more
thnn thnt of Toxns, nnd directly tributary to the
Panama canal, bought and sold In foreign com
morco products valued at nearly trj.uuo.ixxj.
Advantages of tho Telephone.
Evan B. Stotscnburg, nttornoy general, tells
story concerning ttio early day? ot tho telephono
In Now Albany.
A character of the town, o operated an office
lu rooms Just above tho livery stable,-wns Im
pressed with tho benefits of the telephono and
hnd ono placed In his ofilcc.
Meanwhile tho new-fangled Instrument also
went Into the livery stnblo. Then tho town chni
ucter sut down nnd wulted for someono to tnko
advantage of tho new Instrument. No one did,
Ono duy the telephono bell In tho livery stnble,
however, rang with nil Its might.
"Hello," yelled tho livery stnblo proprietor.
"Hello, yourself," answered tho volco ot tho
town chnructer, upstairs.
"Just puss mo tho broom up through tho front
windows, will you?" Bald tho voice. -Indlunnpoll
News.
Seventy per cent of tho wprld's cork supply is
saia xo bo produced in Hpaln and Portugal,
John M. Parker of Now Orleans,
"The Itcbcl Captain," ns Victor Mur
dock styled him nt tho Progressive
convention nt, Chicago, is a flre-cutcf
by tnsto nnd Instinct. Trouble is his
clement. Ho denrly loves It when ho
thinks ho Is In the right, nnd doesn't
fenr It on other occusions. Pussy
footing Is not his line. As ho himself
says, he "hires n hall," advertises tho
fact, and goes to it.
As a nntlonnl figure, John M.
Pnrker is not ns well known ns he de
serves to be, perhaps. But up New
York state, nt Anandnle, they know
him. It wns up there In his young
ninhhood thnt he put his foot down on
pussy-footing for tho first tlmo In pub
lic. As u result, there wns scandal"
ous excitement.
Parker wns a student nt St.
Stephen's college in 1881. Among his
cronies wns n young man from New
York city, who played second, to John
In matters appertaining to larks und frolics. Somehow the fnculty never
failed to receive word nbout this pnrtlcular student's shortcomings. As a
consequence, ho spent much time In the "Jug," nnd suffered heavy loss In free
tlmo as punishment
Pnrker In some way learned who It was that had told on his frleud. He
lined up half n dozen or more of his cronies nnd arranged plans for retribu
tion. That evening in tho refectory he gave the command. The students
detailed to assist him surrounded tho table at which the members of tho
fnculty wero gathered. Parker laid hands on the offending student and set
him on his feet. The learned gentlemen were kept In their chairs. Then
John addressed them nnd his fellow students. He recited the crime' of the
student! under arrest. The man had betrayed a classmate. No punishment
could be too severe for him.
FOCH OF FRANCE
Perhaps greatest of the generals
the war has produced In France is
Foch, now commanding the forces, of
the republic In the Somino drive. Says
cno who knows him: "He has Intui
tion nnd tho power of divination. Ho
is great in his Instant grasp of a situ
ation, his perception of tho needs, his
vision of tho next hour. General
.Toffre Is his warmest" admirer."
General Foch, like General Joffre,
comes from the Pyrenees, no Is a
gallnnt, picturesque figure. Ho Is not
tall, Ave feet six Inches In height, but
you do not see that until nfterward.
What you see first Is his eye. He has
a large, well-shaped head, rather thin
Iron-gray hair and n broad, high fore
head. His gray eyes, set wide apart,
boro through you und burn you up
nnd smllo on you, nil nt the sumo time.
His nose is lnrgo, his mouth wide nnd
straight, nnd his fiercely benevolent
Iron-gray mustache first comes down
over the corners of hjs mouth und then points straight up at his eyes. His
chin is massive from nny point of VIow.
During n battle General Foch Is to bo found in the big room ut his
headquarters. He stands before one of those large scale maps with a pencil
In his hnnd nnd the telephono receiver nt his ear. His staff stands In n
semicircle behind him. There is perfect silence, and the only movement Is ot
tho general's pencil on the mup as he follows the battle and ponders the
detail of the district where the fighting Is In progress. r
WINSLOW'S FAMOUS FEAT
Admiral Cnmeron McRae Wlnslow,
who retired recently at the statutory
ugo of sixty-two, gained great famo
nnd n boost of five numbers in rank
during tho war with Spain when as
Lieut. O. Melt. Wlnslow he cut tho
cables In Clenfuegos harbor, Cuhri
with" the Spaniards flrlngfrom a dis
tance of 150 yards.
In this engngement n ninrlno was
killed nnd pine men Including Lieu
tenant Wlnslow wounded. Wlnslow
wns wounded In the hnnd. His promo
tion camo when ho was recommended
for "extraordlnnry heroism."
Wlnslow nnd his men went out In
Ball and motor launches. With the
big guns on the ship out In tho harbor
flrjng nt the cnble office they wrecked
It befpro Wlnslow reached shore-MVln-slow
went Into the face of n Spanish
bombardment. He got by with It In
excellent shape somo casualties re
reported, but tho work done.
At the tlmo of his retirement Wlnslow was n full admiral, being entitled
to that rank, by virtue of his command of tho Pacific fleet, no served as,n
member of tho Slocum commission when the burning of the New York
excursion steamer was investigated.,
Wlnslow was born In Washington In 1854. Hp was appointed to tho naval
academy by the president in 1870, nnd graduated in 1875.
NELSON GOULD PRONOUNCE IT
During tho cull of the calendar in
tho scnato some tlmo ugo a bill pro
viding for relief for tho owners of a
certain steamship was renched. Tho
clerk glanced at the title, read a smnll
part of it nnd stopped. "Let tho clerk
rcud tho entire title," suggested a sen
ator. Tho clerk, to speak figuratively,
courageously backed off nnd mndo n
fresh start. Ho succeeded well enough
with tho first few words, but nt length
ho bumped Into "Bruusgnrd Klosterud
Dumpsklpaktlcsolsknb," tho name of
one of tho owners of tho steamship
business. Ho tried to' pronounco it but
his best efforts & ailed nothing except
to provoko n titter among tho solons.
Competent nuthorltles nro agreed that
n thing must bo extremely funny to get
n laugh in tho senate.
At length Senator Nelson, n nntlvo
Norwegian, went to tho clerk's res
cue. "Why," ho snld. "that's easy
enough, "It's pronounced" nnd ho gavo tho pronunciation correctly bo fur
us unyono lu tho senate know.