THE 8EMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
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tl I 141' f I . r EW SUPREME COURT JUSTICE
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John Hessln Clarko of Cleveland.
O., whom President Wilson' hus ap
pointed an associate Justice of the Su
preme court of the United States,, la
llfty-nlno years old and a bachelor. He
wus born nt Lisbon, 0., was graduated
from tho Western Iteservo university
In 1877 and admitted to the bar In
1878. Up to tho tlmo he was made ti
district judge by President Wilson In
1914 he had practiced law In Ohio and
had nlso edited n newspaper at Youngs
town. Ills newspaper, the Youngstown
Vindicator, has long been one of tho
prominent Democratic organs In tho
state.
In 1003 Judge Clarke was the
Democratic nominee for Unttcd States
senator, but was beaten by tho late
Mark llannu, who was re-elected.
,In Cleveland, Judge Clarke for a
long time was associated in politics
with the late Mayor Tom Johnson and
Secretary Baker. Ho has been classed
as a progressive Democrat, and has taken part In several reform movements.
In "(800 he bolted Bryan's nomination, but returned to the party fold In 1000,
He was u Wilson delegate at the Baltimore convention.
LINKS SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY
During the last twelve
months the American ccfe
helped her master make
three and a half billion
dollars Old Bossy is a
regular gold mine when
given proper treatment
ITI
By ROBERT H. MOULTON.
I II IS value of tho products of thu
American dairy cow Is greator
than tho value of nil tho metal
lic minerals produced, such as
gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc,
pig Iron, otc. It Is also larger
than tho total value of tho non
(UigKfnkJ metallic mlnurnls, nnmoly, bl
iSiulwPl tiiminniiR mnl. Pennsylvania an
thracite petroleum, natural gas,
brick clay and cement. Milk production of tho
Uulted States for 1015 was 11,1500,000,000 gal
lons, or an average production of 537 gallons
per cow. This production Is equivalent to about
110 gallons per capita population or tho country.
At an average prlco of 20 cents per gallon, tho
year's production of milk Is valued nt about
$220,000,000 to the farmers. On Januoiy 1,
1016, there woro cstlmutcd to bo 21.08S.000 dairy
cows In tho Unttcd States, valued approximately
at $53.00 per head, or an nggregato grand total
valuation of $1,185,110,000 for all milch cows. Tho
United States exported 0.850,705 pounds of butter,
valued nt $2,302,180 during 1015.
Americans nro great consumers of butter, nml
yearly more than 1,800,000,000 pounds Is manu
factured In this country, a largo proportion of
which Is nindo nt tho farm homo. Tho rural cream
eries have proved n big factor In farming business,
and form tho center of marketing operations, Tho
valuation of butter made In factories approxi
mated more than $182,000,000 laHt year, while this
season gives every indication of reaching tho $200,
000,000 mark. Farmers nro (hiding that co-opera
the effort In tho manufacture of butter obtains u
higher market for them.
Tho loss made In butter on farms has been tre
mendous. Dairy experts, by actual Investigations,
tcalculato that of the annual $182,000,000 product,
"be tho basis of 80 cents per pound for butter at
tho local wnrkct, the nnnuul loss averages between
two and live cents per pound, or from $30,000,000
to $80,000,000. due to tho cureless methods cm--Joyed
on the average farm. This great Item of
loss would save enough In n year almost to buy a
nioderato-prlccd automobile for every farmer not
todny owning one.
Tho lucreancd high cost of dairy feeds has do
aanded that the dairy farmer become n specialist
io cow rations. The profitable production o( milk
W n dairy farm Involves two very difficult prob
Imjjb: The formntlon of i herd that will give In
tho milk pull liberal returns for tho cost of feed
and care, nnd curing for the milk to keep It in tho
boot murketublo condition. It wub found several
flora ago that two or thrco cows mlght.bo largo
producers while tho remainder of n herd of a dozen
cowu would possibly fall to give sufficient milk to
pay their board bill. This fact Iuib caused tho
orgnalzntlon of the community cow-testing asso
ciations In various port of tho country, this work
,jvtng n Its object tho calculation of tho Indi
vidual cow'h production. By tho aid of tho Bab
cock testing nppnratus, modern dairymen place
Ulr cows on record, giving due credit for butter
fat produced. This work has built up one of tup
highest specialized features of prosent-iiuy form-
'"I' great nrwj intricate problem Is Involved In
supplying cities with milk nnd In meeting tho grow
ing demands of such centers with puro milk. Chi
cago alono consumes 1,000,000,000 quarts of milk
annually, whllo thousands of cans of condensed
milk and pasteurized milk are used for breakfast
Milk Is shipped from farms as far as 300 miles
away, reaching tho city In tlmo for breakfast the
next morning. Because of tho Immense demnud
for milk, tho necessity of having It of the highest
quality and the need for an economical method
of collection and. distribution, great milk com
panies were formed sovernl years ago, which
erected mllk-collcctlng stations In Illinois nnd ad
joining states, along the railroads, where milk Is
received for shipment. Tho milk thus received
direct from the farmers Is handled In tho best pos
sible manner, shipped In 40-qunrt cans, by the car
toad. Tho '"milk trnlu" Is ouo of the common
phases of nil railroads connecting with a largo
American city today.
Tho task of supplying great cities with milk has
become a highly specialized Industry. Tho process
of gathering, transporting and distributing, the
fresh milk supply of a largo city is one of the
complex tasks confronting thoso who provide tho
country's dally food. Tho entire milk production
of tho country must bo cared for every day. Fresh
milk Is the only product that must quickly come to
the consumer. It cannot bo stored when there Is
n Hood of It and carried over until thero Is n short
ago, although modern refrigeration has served to
solve a part of this problem. Today's supply must
meet tomorrow's demand.
When ono realizes that tho city of Chicago must
have 5,000,000 pounds of milk dnlly. It Is easily
understood thnt prompt conversion of this product
Into money Is no small task. Tho changes lu tho
geographic distribution of tho population of tho
United States, In tho centers of agricultural pro
duction, nnd In tho methods of transportation hnvo
had ti marked Inlluenco on the localisation of tho
dairy industry. In enrly days tho dairy farmer
supplied demands within n restricted area, but the
development of railroads unci refrigeration has
had considerable effect on tho character of tho In
dustry In Uh centralization.
Milk has been a food and drink for young and
old ever since prohlstorlc times, nnd tho reason
for this Is that milk Is ono of tho most dcMrablo of
human foods. It rcmalued for modern analytical
processes to provo that milk Is tho cheapest nud
most valuablo of food products, especially when
compared with meat. Tho department of agricul
ture has discovered that for 25 cents worth of n
given product, milk is n more valuable food than
meat.
Tho grim words employed by tho South Carolina
board of honlth, "A lly lu tho milk may moan a
baby In tho grnvo," hnvo gone over the Innd and
left their Impression upon tho minds of farmers
and milk consumers. Flies bear germs, and u sin
gle germ In a milk bottlo breeds n deadly million
In n few hours. Too often during tho. Inst 50
years we havo road of epidemics of typhoid and
Nlmllar diseases being traced directly to n contain
hinted milk supply.
Of nil human .foods, possibly nono Is more mic-'
ccptlblo to contamination than milk, particularly
In hot weather when In tho months of June, July
and August, tho babies of the country dlo by the
thousands. Diseases of tho digestive organs causo
10 per cent of tho deaths In many cities. Cow's
milk is tho eXvslHlvo food for n great mnjorlty of
tho American oulldren up to tho tlmo they nre ono
year old, and It Is tho chief food of practically all
children from tho uro of ono to Ave. Tho white
ness and opaqueness of milk serve as a covoilug
tind shelter for Insoluble substances.
Tho theory thnt clean milk possesses loug-koop-Ing
qualities hns been found trua with certified
milk. Instances nro on record where certified milk
has been tnken on nu ocean voyage und not only
brought buck In good condition, but alto kept sweet,
. until 30 days old. When your milk Is sour after
n few hours, It Is certain that It Is not clean milk.
A number of certified mil); dairies In the United
States scut exhibits of milk to tho Paris exhibition
lu 1000, and the milk kept sweet for two weeks,
CJh5J CtA&
and In some Instances 18 dnys, after being bottled
following n summer Journey of 3,000 nnd 4,000
miles. This merely serves to Illustrate what milk
consumers may expect for tho futuro puro products.
American cheese, of which tne exports decrensed
from nearly 150,000,000 pounds In 1881 to less than,
2,500,000 In 1014, Is again finding IU way to for-
elsn markets In ranldlv Increasing amounts. For
tho last half of 1014, 2,500,000 pounds were ex
ported, while Jnnunry saw somo 8,000,000 pounds
shipped to foreign countries, nnd February 7,500,
000. so that tho aggregate for the first three
months of 1015 nmounted to 13,000,000 pounds.
The demand for lco cream has been n great ben
efit to tho dairy Industry by tho absorption of the
milk surplus. Millions of gnllous of lco cream are
manufactured from artificial Ingredients, duo to
lack of dairy products to meet tho growing de-
mnnd for this toothsome nnd refreshing urtlcle.
Nevertheless, nenrly 18,000,000 gallons of lco
crenin are annually manufactured from crenm and
milk. This branch of tho dntry Industry has
achieved Its greatest growth during tho last de
cade, owing to the Increased number of summer re
sorts nnd parks.
Tho lco cream factories of the United States an
nually demand 30,000,000 gnllons, or 250,000,000
pounds, of cream; 250,000,000 pounds of whole
milk, nnd 15,000,000 gnllons of condensed milk,
Taking 14 cents ns tho average price paid for each
gnllon of milk, lco crenm factories each year pay
tho enormous sum of $32,000,000 to farmers for
raw materials. Tho Ice cream when retailed brings
a price of $100,000,000, standing foremost nmong
tho popular luxuries of tho day In tho United
States.
American business men ngreo that.
applied science nud Industry must be
linked together In this country by
stronger bonds than have heretofore
existed If American Industry Is to meet
the new conditions und to take full
advantage of the new opportunity cre
ated by tho war.
"But that thought Is not new,"
said Dr. Samuel W. Strutton, father,
creator und director of the bureau of
standards, when he wns drawn Into a
conversation on the subject. "In Juct,
we have been getting rendy for ten
years for just such conditions as exist,
nnd we were doing so without uny
thought of war, either."
In other words, for ten years n
large part of the efforts of tho bureau
of stnndnrds has been directed toward
being helpful to Industry and com
merce. "For," said Doctor Stratton,
'there Is hardly n branch of Industry
that Is not tied up in somo way with
considerations of stundnrds."
A native of Litchfield, III., born July 18, 1801, Doctor Stratton took his
B. S. in mechanical engineering nt the University of Illinois In 1884 nnd
promptly wus attached to tho teaching staff of that institution, where he re-
mnlncd until 1892, when the University of Chicago took him over In tho
physics department. He wus full professor of that department when ho
entered the government service In 1001 ns director of tho newly created bureau
of standards.
r
HAS FUN WITH HIS FACE
THE APPLE A8 MEDICINE.
A modern feoffor has recently asked whother it
would bo possible that Evo yloldod to tho serpent
because ho told her that apploa woro good for
tho comploxton. Whether this argument wns
noeded or not, there Is no question that it is a
truo ono. Nothing In all our varied and fascinat
ing range of fruit holds qulto tho same quality
ns tho applo.
A raw, rlpo apple .at Its bOBt Is dlgostod In 85
minutes, nnd tho malic acid which glvos it .Us
distinctive character stimulates tho liver, assists
digestion and neutralizes much noxious matter
which, it not eliminated, produces eruptions of
the skin. "They do not satisfy ltko potat es,"
somo people, to whom they hnvo been recommend
ed ns food, havo said, but the starch of the po
tato, addod to the surplus of starch wo are always
eating, renders It undesirable as an article of
too frequent consumption.
Representative Simeon D. Fess of
Ohio Is proud of the fnct-tlint he Is, ns
ho himself declares, "absurdly unpre
possessing." "If I were really n hnndsomo
mnn," says Fess, "I would not havo
half tho fun with myself that I now
do."
Whenever he goes anywhere to
lecture, as ho does frequently, Fess
likes to sneak off tho train and keep
away from reception committees until
tho hour of his lecture. Tho commit
tee Is usually half Incredulous, when It
sees him, about his being tho real lec
turer, and tho way the members ex
change disappointed glances with one
another gives Fess much quiet sport.
When ho wns special lecturer In
history for the University of Chicago,
Fess went to u town In rennsylvnnla
to speak one night, nnd whllo wnltlng
for his turn he sat next to a fashion
ably dressed woman, who talked to
him patronizingly nbout the program for the evening. She asked him If he
knew nnythlng about Fess, and Fess said ho knew nothing except that he was
a man of commanding personality. In duo course Fess excused himself to take
his placo on tho platform, nnd ho saw the ustonlshed womnn got up and leave
the hall In disgust.
ALL CLIMATES AT ONCE.
Tho supply department of tho Panama canal
organization has been endeavoring to develop a
supply of frosh vegetables thnt would not havo
to bo shipped In cold storage, as Is nocessary with
those sent from tho United SUtos. A colony of
Spnnlsli-AmcrlcnnB lias recently taken up tho cul
tlvntlon ot vegetables on tho slopos of tho volcano
Irnzu. Tho gardens bogln at an olevntlon ot
5,000 fcot, whero tropical fruits nro raised and
MRS. LANSING'S SUCCESS
Washington society, following the
appointment of Itobcrt Lansing as
secretary of state, expressed keen. In
terest in the part his wife would play
In social activity there. Mrs. Lansing
has proved to be ono of the ablest
social lenders Washington ban seen in
yenra. Sho Is well equipped for. Iter
those of
,uu ul, . , . u u.m j M which are next to
r if n on nlmtntlnn r f t I .v 1 1 11 fill T rnl tiilman II '
";,r.V.7"u V.r.r.J"" V c " "tho first lady of the administration,"
for ns Miss Eleanor Fo3ter, daughter
the moro delicate frutts of the tomporato zono aro
raised. Tho boII Is a porous loam of volcanic ash,
15 foot In depth und vory rich. Shipments have
already been begun by a weekly steamor, and if
more satisfactory transportation can bo ananged,
thoso gardens will bo ablo to supply tho Canul
Zona with a largo quantity of fresh vogotablos nnd
fruits. Christian Horald.
ACTIVITIES OFi WOMEN.
- Nearly all tho work on tho Paris nowspapors In
now being dono by women.
Thero aro over 2,500 woman ctocR hordors and
rnlsera in the United Statea.
In addition to oror 1,000 postwomon employed
boforo tho war. tha British coital department ban
&ddsd over 2,000 touu to act as temporary post
women wails tho war Is in progress.
of John W. Foster,, secretary ot state
under President Harrison, cho win
given an early training In Washing
ton's social activities.
Mrs. Lansing Is one of tho most
striking looking women In administra
tion circles. Although us wlfo of tho
secrotnry of state una takes precedence
over many older women, her charm of
manner und rare tact have gained
great popularity for her.
Much of Mr. Lansing's success Is
attributed to the aid of his wife. Sho
received u broad education and has read extensively, nud hns always followed
her husband's work on International luw with much Interest.
It Is mild sho has often then him valuable advice on luany I'nportu-it
mutters lu connection with Ids duties.