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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (April 28, 1916)
THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NEBRASKA. WILSON PUCES , GERMAN CRISIS 1 BEFORE SOLONS President Tells Congress He Has Sent Ultimatum to Berlin Government. PUTS BREAK UP TO KAISER Give Notice That Diplomatic Rela tions Will Be Severed Unless Pres ent Methods of Subsen Warfare Are Abandoned Immediately Killing of Noncombatants De nounced as "Wanton." Houso of Representatives, tho Cap itol, Washington, April 20. Sharply Indicting Germany for Its uso of sub marines against merchant vessels, President Wilson yesterday, boforo a Joint session of congress, Issued pub lic notlco to tho world that unless that government changes Its mothodB tho United States will havo no cholco but to Bover diplomatic relations. "Tho history In tho making," was witnessed by ono of tho largest gath erings that has over boon Jammed into tho historic clmmbor of tho houso of roprosoUatlvoB. Evory Blnglo Inch of available spaco was occupied, whllo literally thousands woro turned away. Thoro was no questioning tho seri ousness of tho president's position. His volco, somowhat husky, penetrated every cornor of tho room, and tho mcssago was omphaslzed with an ex pression that showed its author was fearful of tho outcome. That serious ness was shared by tho audience, tho usual applauso given tho president's utterances being absent. Tho mossago in ovory senso was an Ultimatum. Truo, it contained no tlmo limit within which reply must bo made. But It flatly Insisted that tho German submarlno warfaro has reached tho stago when this government will no longer tolcrato It. Tho Gorman explanations, previous ly made, havo boon accoptod In good faith, tho presldont said, in tho hope that that government would finally bo ablo to so order and control tho acts of Kb naval commanders as to squaro ItB policy with tho position of human-o lty aB orabodlod In tho "law of na tions." t Tho United States has boon willing to wait, tho president said, "until tho significance of tho fact became abso lutely unmistakable and Bifscoptlblo of but ono Interpretation." That point, ho Bald, har "now unhappily been reached." Text of President' Address. Following Is tho comploto text of tho prosldont'B address: "aontlomon of tho Congress: A situ ation has arisen In tho foreign rela tions of tho country of which it Is my plain duty to Inform you vory frankly. "It "will bo recalled that In Febru ary, 1915, tho Imperial Gorman govorn- mont announced Us Intention to troat tho waters surrounding Great Britain and lroland as embraced within tho seat of war and to destroy all mer chant ships owned by Its enemies that might bo found within any part of that portion of tho high seas, and thnt It warned f.Il vessels, of neutral as well as of bolllgoront ownership, to keep out of tho waters It had thus prescribed, or olno outer thorn at tholr peril. Tho government of tho United Statos oarneotly protested. It took tho position that such a policy could not bo pursued without tho practical certainty of gross and palpablo viola tions of tho law of nations, particular ly If submarlno craft woro to bo em ployed as its instruments, Inasmuch as tho ruloa proscribed by that law, rules founded upon principles of humanity and established for tho protection of tho Uvea of noncombatants at sea could not In tho nature of tho caso bo obsorvod by such vosboIh. It basud Its protoBt on tho ground that persons of neutral nationality and vessels of neutral ownership would bo oxposcd to extrome and Intolerable risks, and that no right to closo any part of tho high seas against tholr uso or to ex pose thorn to bucIi risks could lawfully bo asserted by any bolllgoront govern. mont. Tho law of nations In these mattors, upon which tho government of tho United States basod Its protest Is not of recent origin or founded upon merely arbitrary principles set up by convention. It Is based, on tho con trary, upon manlfost nnd Imporativo prlnclplos of humanity und has long boon established with the approval and by tho express assent of all clvi lized nations. Protest Was Disregarded. "Notwithstanding tho earnest pro tost of our government, tho Imperial Gorman govornmont at once proceodud to carry out tho policy It has an nounced. It oxprossod tho hopo that tho dangers Involved, at any rnto the dangers to neutral vossoIb, would bo reduced to a minimum by the Instruc tions which It had Issued to Its subma rlno commandorB, arid assured tho gov ornment of tho United States that It would toko" ovory posslblo precaution, both to respect tho rights of noutrals nnd to safeguard tho lives of noncom batants. "What has actunlly happened In tho year which has slnco elapsed has shown that those hopos woro not Justi fied, those assurances insuecoptlblo of being fulfilled. In pursuance of the policy of submarlno warfaro against tho commcrco of its adversaries, thus announced and entered upon by tho Imperial German govornmont In dosplto of tho solemn protest or this government, tho commanders of Ger man undersea vcsboIb havo attacked merchant ships with greater and great er activity, not only upon tho high sens surrounding Great Britain and Ireland, but wherever they encounter them, In n way that has grown more and moro ruthless, moro and moro Indiscriminate as tho months have gono by, less and less observant of re straints of any kind; nnd havo deliv ered their attacks without compunc tion agalnBt vcbboIs of every national ity and bound upon ovory sort of er rand. VcsboIb of neutral ownership, bound from neutral port to neutral port, havo been destroyed along with vessels of belligerent ownership, In constantly increasing numbers. Some times tho merchantman attacked has been warned and summoned to sur render beforo bolng fired on or tor pedoed; sometimes passengers or crows havo been vouchsafed tho poor security of being allowed to take to tho ship's boats beforo she wub sent to tho bottom. But again and again no warning has been given, no escape even to tho ship's boats allowed to thoso on board. What this govornmont foresaw must happen has happened. Tragedy has followed tragedy on tho seas In such fashion, with such at tendant circumstances, aB to niako It grossly evident that warfaro of such a sort, If warfaro It be, cannot bo car ried on without tho most palpablo violation of tho dictates allko of right and of humanity. Whatovor tho dispo sition and intention of tho imperial Gorman government, It has manifestly proved Impossible for It to keop such methods of attack upon tho commerco of Its enemies within bounds sot by olther tho rcuson or tho heart of man kind. As to Armed Merchantmen. "In Fobruqry of tho present year tho Imperial German government Informed this government and tho othor noutral governments of tho world that it had reason to bellovo that tho government of Great Britain had armed all mer chant vessels of British ownership and had given thorn secret orders to attack nny submarlno of tho enemy thoy might encounter upon tho seas, and that tho Imperial Gorman government felt Justified In tho circumstances In treating all armed merchantmen of belligerent ownership as auxiliary ves sels of war, which it would havo tho right to destroy without warning. "Tho law of nations has long roc ognlzod tho right of merchantmen to carry arms for protection and to uso them to ropol attack, though to uso thorn, In such circumstances, at their own rlfllcs; but tho Imperial German government claimed tho right to sot thoso understandings aside In circum stances which it doomed extraordi nary. Even tho torms in which It an nounced ItB purposo thus still furth er to relax tho restraints it had pre viously professed Its willingness and doslro to put upon tho operations of its submarines carried tho plain Impli cation that at least vessols which woro not armed would still bo exempt from destruction without warning and that personal safety would bo accord ed tholr passongorB and crews; but ovon that limitation, If it waB over practicable to observe It, baa in fact constituted no check at all upon tho destruction of ships of ovory sort. "Again and again tho imperial Gor man govornmont has given this gov ernment Its solomn assurances thnt at least passenger ships would not bo thuB dealt with, and yet It has again nnd again permitted Its tmdnrsoa com mandorB to disregard thoso assur ances with entire Impunity. Groat liners llko tho Lualtanlo nnd tho Ar abic and mere ferry boats like tho Susbox havo been attacked without a moment's wnrnlng, BomotlmcB bo foro thoy had oven bocorao awaro that they woro In tho prosonce of nn armed vessel of the enemy, and the lives of noncombatants, passongors and crow, havo boon sacrificed wholesale, In a mannor which tho government of tho United States cannot but regard as wanton nnd without tho slightest col or of Justification. No limit of nny kind has in fact boon sot to tho Indis criminate pursuit and destruction of merchantmen of airiclnds and nation alities within tho wntorB, constantly extending In area, whoro thoso oper ations nave neon carried on. nnd tho roll of Americans who havo lost tholr lives on ships thus attneked and de stroyed has grown month by month until tho ominous toll has mounted In to the hundreds. Sussex a Late Example. "Ono of tho latest and nmt hIh.pW. Ing Instances of this mothod of war faro waa that of tho destruction of tho French cross-channel stnnmnr Sussex. It must stand forth, ns tho Blnklng of tho stonmer Lusltanla did. aB so singularly tragical and unjusti llablo ub to cotiBtltuto a truly torrlhlo oxamplo of tho Inhumanity of subma rlno warfaro ns tho commanders of German vessols havo for the past twolve mouths boon conducting It. If this tnstnuco stood alono, some explanation, sonio disavowal by the Oorman government, sonio ovldonco of crlmlnnl mlstnko or wilful disobe dience on tho part of the commandor of tho vosboI that fired tho torpodo might bo sought or ontortnlned; hut unhappily It doos not stand nlono. Recant events mako tho conclusion luovltnblo Hint It Is only one lnstnnco, oven though it bo ono or tho most ox tromo and distressing Instances, of tho Bplrlt nnd mothod of wnrfnro which tho Imperial German govern ment has mistakenly adopted, and which from tho first oxposod that gov eminent to tho reproach of thrusting all neutral rights aaldo In pursuit of its Immcdlato objects. "Tho government of tho United, Statos hnB been very patient. At ov-i cry stago of this distressing oxporl enco of tragedy after tragedy in which ItB own citizens woro Involved It bad sought to bo restrained from any ox- trcmo course of action or of protest by a thoughtful consideration of tho extraordinary circumstances of this unprecedented war and actuated in, all It said or did by tho sentiments of gonulno friendship which tho pooplo of tho United States havo always en tertained and contlnuo to entertain to ward tho German nation. It has, of course, accepted tho succcsslvo expla nations and assurances of tho impe rial German government as given In cntlro sincerity and good faith, and has hoped, oven against hopo, that It would provo to bo posslblo for the. German government so to order and control tho acts of its naval comman ders as to squaro Its policy with tho, principles of humanity as embodied In tho law of nations. It has bocn willing to wait until the significance of the facts became absolutely unmls takablo and suscepttblo of but ono In terpretation, "That point has now unhappily been reached. Tho facts aro susceptiblo of but ono Interpretation, Tho Impe rial German government has been un able to put any limit or restraints upon Its warfare against either freight or passenger ships. It has thereforo becomo painfully ovldont that tho p sition which this govornmeni trok at the vory outset Is Inevitable, namely, that tho uso of submarines for tho de struction of nn enemy's commerco ia of necessity, because of tho vory char acter of tho vessols employed and tho vory mothods of attack which tholr' employment of course Involves, In compntlblo with the principles of hu manity, tho long-established and Incon trovertible rights of noutrals, and the sacred Immunities of non-combatants. Virtual Ultimatum Sent. "I havo deemed It my (duty, there foro, to say to tho imperial German government thnt if It Ib still Ub pur-, poso to prosecute ruthless and lndisn criminnto warfaro against vesBelo ofj commerce by tho use of submarines,' notwithstanding tho now demon-. Btrated Impossibility of conducting; thnt warfaro In accordance with what tho government of the United Statos must consider tho sacred and India putablo rules of International law and, tho universally recognized dictates of humanity, tho government of tho United Statos is at last forced to tho conclusion that thcro is but ono. courso it can pursuo; nnd that unless, tho imperial Qermun government should now immediately dcclaro and effect nn abandonment of Its present methods of warfare against passenger and freight carrying vossels thlB gov ernment can have no cholco but to Bover diplomatic relations with thej government of the German emplro al-. together. "This decision I havo arrived at with tho keenest regret; tllb possibil ity of tho action contemplated I am suro all thoughtful Americans will look forward to with unaffected roluc tanco. But wo cannot forgat that wo aro In somo sort and by tho forco of circumstances the responsible spokes man of tho rights of humanity, and that wo cannot remain silent whllo thoso rights seom In process of bolng utterly swopt away in tfto maelstrom of tjita torrlblo war. Wo owe It to a duo regard for our own rights as a nation, to our senso of duty as a pro rosentatlvo of the rights of noutrals tho world over, nnd to a Joint concep tion of tho rights of mankind to tako this stand now with tho utmost solem nity nnd firmness. "I havo taken It, and taken It In tho confidence that It will meet with your approval and support. All sobor- minded men must unlto In hoping that tho Imporlal German govern ment, which haB In othor circum stances stood as tho champion of tjll that wo nro now contending for in tho Interest of humanity, may recognize tho Justlco of our demands and moot thorn In tho spirit in which thoy aro made." Preserving Grant's Banner. In order that it may bo presorved for future generations, a llag which waved above Genoral Grant's head quarters during tho lattor part of tho Ulvll war Is bolng rejuvenated In tho aamo manner as was tho orlglnul "star-spangled banner" a year and a half ago. When Loo Burrondored, tho llag was presented by General Grant, to ono of his stafT olllcors. Somo years, ago It became tho proporty of tho state or Massachusetts, and, whllo ro-. posing In tho statehouso. gradually roll Into a 1-ad condition. This caused it to bo turned over to nn eastern woman, who hns gained a roputatlon aB a restorer or old flags. Tho repair ing process Is descrlbod In the April Popular Mechanics Magazlno. It con sists lu backing tho banner with Irish linen of a certain weavo. Spoclal stitches employed to baBto It to tho ro-enforcement glvo the flag honoy combed appearance whon closely ex amined. The thread used In doing this work Is dyed to match tho faded colors of tho banner. A Modest Conclusion. "Will you make many spcechos la your own behalf?" "No." replied tho candldato; "a man In my position should bo moro talkod about than talking." One Exception. "No man can nlwayB bo guarded in lila conduct." "I know of ono class of moa who can." "Whero aro thoy?" "In tho penltentlaif. FINAL WORD ON SUBSEA CRISIS GOES TO BERLIN Note Dispatched From Washing ton Demands That Attacks on Merchantmen Cease. REGARDED AS AN ULTIMATUM President Declares That Unless Ger many Immediately Declares and Ef fects Abandonment of Present Methods of Submarine War fare, United States Will Sever Relations. Washington, D. C Tho final noto to Germany on tho submarlno contro versy with tho United States, which was made public by tho stato depart ment, is essentially an ultimatum to the kaiser, In tho view of authorities on International law. Tho full text of tho noto follows: "To Ambassador Gerard: "You aro Instructed to deliver to tho secretary of foreign affairs a com munication reading as follows: "I did not fall to transmit immedi ately by telegraph to my government your excellency's noto of tho 10th In stant In regard to certain attacks by German submarines, and particularly In regard to the disastrous explosion which on March 24 last wrecked tho French steamship Sussex in tho Eng lish channel. "I havo now the honor to deliver, un der instructions from my government, tho following reply to your excellency: "Information now in the possession of tho government of tho United States fully establishes tho facts in the case oi the Sussex, and tho Inferences which my government has drawn from that Information it regards ns con firmed by the circumstances sot forth in your excellency's noto of tho 10th Instant. "On tho 24th of March, 191G, at about 2:50 o'clock in the afternoon, tho unarmed steamer, Sussex, with 325 or moro passengers on board, among whom wero a number of Amer ican citizens, was torpedoed whllo crossing from Folkestono to Dioppo. "The Subsox had never been armed; was a vessel known to bo habitually used only for tho conveyanco of pas sengers across tho English channel, and was not following the route taken by troop ships or supply ships. , "About eighty of her passengers, noncombatants of all ages and soxes, including citizonB of tho United Statos, wero killed or injured. German Submarine Blamed. "A careful, detailed and scrupulous ly impartial investigation byiaval and military officers of tho -United Statos haB conclusively established the fact that tho Susbox was torpedoed without warning or summons to surrender and that tho torpedo by which she waB Btruck was of German manufacture. In view of the government of the United States, these facts from tho first made tho conclusion that the torpedo was fired by a German submarine unavoid able. "It now considers that conclusion substantiated by tho statements of your excellency's noto. A full state ment of tho facts upon which tho gov ernment of tho United Statos has based its conclusion ia Inclosed. "Tho government of tho United States, aftor having given carerul con sideration to tho noto of tho Imporlal govornmont of tho 10th of April, re grets to state that tho Impression mado upon it by tho statements nnd proposals contained in that noto is that tho imperial government has failod to apreclato tho gravity of tho situation which has resulted, not alono from tho attack on tho Sussex, but from tho wholo method nnd character of submarlno warfare as disclosed by tho unrostralned practice of tho com pandors of Gorman undersea craft dur ing tho past twolvo months and moro in tho indiscrimlnnto destruction of morchant vossels of all sorts, nation alities and destinations. "If tho Blnklng of tho Sussex had been an Isolated case, tho government of tho United States might find It pos sible to hopo that tho officer who was responsible for that net had willfully violated his ordors or had been crlm Inally negligent in' taking nono of tho precautions they prescribed and to hopo that tho ends of Justlco might bo satisfied by imposing upon him an ado- quato punishment, coupled with a for mal disavowal of tho act and payment of a suitable indemnity by tho im perial government. "But, though tho attack upon tho Sussex was manifestly lndefonslblo and cauBed a loss of lifo so tragical as to make it staud forth as ono of the most torrlblo examples of tho Inhu manlty of submarlno warfaro as tho commanders of German vessols aro conducting It, It unhappily does not stand alone. "On tho contrary, tho government of the United States is forced by recent events to concludo that It Is only ono Instances, oven though one of tho most oxtremo and most distressing In stances, ot the deliberate method and spirit or Indiscriminate destruction of merchant vessols, or all sorts, nation alities und destinations, which havo becomo moro and moro unmlBtakablo as tho activity or German undersea vessels or wnr has In recent months been quickened nnd extended. "Tho Imperial government will re call that when, In Februnry, 1915, It announced Its Intention of treating tho waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland as embraced within tho scat or war and or destroying nil merchant ships owned by Its enemies that might bo found within that zone of dnnger, and wnrnod all vessels, nou tral ns well as belligerent, to koop out of the waters thus proscribed or to enter them at their peril, tho gov ernment of the United Statos earnest ly protested. Peril Was Shown. "Tho government of tho United States took tho position that such a policy could not bo pursued without constant gross and palpablo vlolntlon of tho nccepted law of nations, partic ularly ir submarine craft woro to bo employed aB its instruments', Inasmuch as tho rules prescribed by that law, rules rounded on tho principles or hu manity nnd established for tho protec tion of tho lives of noncorabatnnts at' sea, could not In the nature of tho caso bo observed by such vessels. "It based Its protest on the ground that persons of neutral nationality and vessolB of neutral ownership would bo exposed to oxtremo and Intolerablo rlBks; and that no rights to closo nny part of tho high seas could lawrully bo asserted by the Imperial govorn mont In tho circumstances then existing. "Tho law of nations In theso mat- tors, upon which tho government of tho United States based that protest. Is not of recent origin or founded upon merely arbitrary principles set up by convention. It Is based, on tho con trary, upon manifest principles of hu manity, and has long been established with tho approval and by the express assent or all civilized nations. Persists In Policy. "The Imperial government, notwith standing, persisted In carrying out tho policy announced, expressing tho hopo that tho dangers Involved, at any rato to neutral vessels, would bo re duced to a minimum by tho Instruc tions which It Issued to tho command ors of Its submarines, and assuring tho government ot tho United States that it would tako ovory posslblo pro caution both to respect the rights of noutrals and to safeguard tho llvos of noncombatants. "In purBUanco of this policy of sub marine warfaro against tho commorco of Its adversaries, thus announced and thus entered upon in despite ot the solomn protest or tho government of tho United States, the commanders or tho' imperial government's undersea vessols havo carried on practices or such ruthless destruction which havo mado it more and moro evident as the months havo gono by that tho Im perial government has round It Im practicable to put any such restraint upon them as It .had hoped and prom ised to put. "Again and again tho Imperial gov ernment has given its solomn assur ances to tho government of tho United States that nt least passenger ships would not bo thus dealt with, and yet it has repeatedly permitted Its under sea commanders to disregard those as surances with ontfro impunity. "As recently as "February last it gave notico that it would regard all armed merchantmen owned by its enemies as part or tho armed rorceB of its adver saries and deal with them aB men-of-w,ar, this, at least by Implication, pledging Itself to give warning to ves sels which wero not armed and to af ford security of life to their passen gers and crows; but evon this limita tion their submarlno commanders havo recklessly Ignored. Neutral Vessels Sunk. "Vessels of neutral ownershln. even vessels of neutral ownership bound from neutral port to neutral port, havo been destroyed along with vessols of bolllgoront ownership In cdnstantly In creasing numbor. Sometimes tho mer chantmen attacked havo been warned and summoned to surrender beforo be ing fired on or torpedoed; sometimes tholr passengers and crows have been vouchsafed the poor security of being allowed to tako to tho ship's boats bo- fore the ship was sent to tho bottom. "But again and again no warnlnc has boon given, no escane ovon to tho ship's boats allowed to those on board. "Great liners .llko tho Lusltanla and Arabic and mere passenger boats llko tho Sussex -have been attacked with out a moment's warning, often boforo thoy havo oven become awaro that tbey wero in tbo presence or an armnd ship or tho enemy, and tho lives of noncombatants, passongers and crow havo boon destroyed wholesale, and In a manner which tho government of tho United States cannot but regard as wanton and without the sllghest color or Justification. "No limit or any kind haa In ract been set to their indiscriminate pur suit and destruction or merchantmen or all kinds and nationalities within tho waters which the Imperial govern ment has chosen to doslgnato as ly ing within tho seat of war. American Toll Grows. "Tho roll of Americans who have lost tholr lives upon ships thus at tacked and destroyed has grown month by month until tho ominous toll has mounted Into tho hundreds. "Tho govornmont of tho United States has been vory patient. At every atago of this distressing experi ence of tragedy after tragedy It has sought to be governed by the most thoughtful consideration of tho ex traordinary circumstances or an un precedented war and to bo guided by sentiments or very genuine rriondshlp for tho peopio aim government of Ger many. "It haB accepted the successive ex planatlons nnd assurances or tho Ini-; perinl government as or courso givetr In cntlro sincerity nnd good faith, and( has hoped, oven against hopo, that It would provo to bo posslblo for tho lm; pcrlal government so to order and con-t trol tho nets or Its naval command- era ns to squaro Its policy with the; recognized principles or humanity aB embodied In the law of nations. "It hns made ovory allowanco fori unprecodontcd conditions and has! been willing to wait until tho facts! becamo unmistakable and wero bust ccptlblo of only ono interpretation. "It now owes it to a Just regard for its own rights to say to tho Imperial! government that that tlmo has coma. It has becomo painfully evident to iti that tho position which It took at tho very outset Is Inevitable, namely, tho uso or submarines ror tho destruction: of nn enemy's commorco, Is, of neces sity, becauso of tho character of tho? vessels employed and tho vory moth ods of attack which their employment of courso Involves, utterly Incompat ible with tho principles of humanity tho long-established and lncontrovort-j Ible rights or neutrals and tho sacred immunities or noncombatants. But One Course Open. "ir it la still the purposo or thot Imperial government to prosecute ro- lentlcss and Indiscrimlnnto wnrfarej against vessels of commerce by ther uso of submarines without regard to! what tho government of tho United) States must consider tho sacred and! indisputablo rules of international law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity, tho government of tho United States is nt last forced to thet conclusion that thcro Is but ono course It can pursue. "Unless' tho imperial government should now Immediately dcclaro and. effect an abandonment or Ub present methods of submarine warfaro against passenger and freight carrying vessols, tho government of tho United States can have no cholco but to sever dip lomatic relations with tho Gorman em pire altogether. This action tho gov eminent of tho United Statca con templates with tho treatest reluctance; but reels constrained to tako in behaltf or humanity and tho rights of neutral nations. (Signed) "LANSING." POLAR BEAR ON A STROLL Animal's Exploration Trip Occasioned) Some Excitement In the "Zoo" at Scotch Capital. A polar bear at the Edinburgh. (Scotland) zoo caused somo excite ment and consternation among tho vis itors In tho course or an unofficial tour or a portion of tho grounds. Inad vertently tho water encircling tho rocky mound whoro tho bears llvo was allowed to rlso beyond tho normal lovel. One of tho animals swam across and managed to clamber to tho top or tho outer wall, which riBos sheer from the surraco or tho pond, and or dinarily is too high above tho water to be scaled. Pacing leisurely down, the adjoining avenue, tho bear met o message boy wheollng lemonade bot tles on a barrow. Tho boy put down, the barrow and fled. The bear cur iously examined tho unfamiliar object to hlB path. After sniffing around for somo time, bo playrully put out hl paw and pushed tho barrow over. Many of tho bottles wero broken, and Hooded tho roadway. Finding tho liquor unattractlvo, ho proceeded to the pengulna' enclosuro, nnd amid tho excited protests of theso droll Arctic birdB leisurely strolled through their compound. Next he plunged Into tho otters' pool and enjoyed a swim. Tho next call was at the bisons' enclosure Hero his reception was hostile. Threes! of thoso formidable animals charged' down upon him, and ho waB glad to beat a retreat. Half-stunnod, he man-r aged to scramble through the pallsado into safety. By this time tho grounds, had been practically cleared of vis itors, most of whom sought refugo in tho central buildings. The keepera now appeared, and attempted to hord; tho bear back to his own quarters. Gun-llring accelerated hla rotrcat, and withput groat difficulty ho was In duced to return to his accustomed place of confinomont. An Open Mind. Marian haa an open mind and is alT wayB willing to have opinions she has framed, changed. "Mamma," she said, looking up from, a book of fairy tales, "do you" know that castlea aro eolld gold and havo solid gold furniture?" "Thoso aro fairy castles," roplled mother. "Real castles aro built oC brick and stono and tho furniture is very fine, but not of gold." A few minutes elapsed. "Say, mamma, you can't believe any nnd queens llvo in rrarao houses llko oura." "Porhaps, dear." A row mlnutea moro elapsed. "Say, mamma, you can't bellovo any-r thing you read in theso books can you? I'll bot a lot or real poor king llvo In shocks and don't evon keen il hired girl." v Yalo Students. For tho education or the 325 Benlor at Yalo college slightly moro than $1 -000,000 has boen required. Whllo it Is figured that $4,073 for tho entire! four years ia tho average cost a atu dent, ono man alono has spent $15 00O in the process of going through col lego, whllo nnother has required only $800 to provide his education. In this connection It Is a noteworthy fact' that 120 membera of the class hav" earned their way through college el ther n part or in whole. ' having- V V V f