LOADING A BIG ITALIAN GUN NEAR GORITZ
Ono of tho Italian 30.5 millimeter
during tho long slego of that Austrian
projectile
A
MEXICANS
AS
Faces a Gigantic Work in the Resuscitation of War-Torn Mexico
His Government Opposed by Organized Government Only in
the State of Oaxaca Brigandage Exists in Almost
Every Section of the Country.
El Paso, Tex. Although ho has com-1
pOBod poaco with tho followers of
Francisco Villa and finds his govern
ment opposed by an organized gov
ernment only in tho stato of Oaxaca,
Vcnustlano Carranza today faces a
gigantic problom in tho resuscitation
of war-torn Mexico. His handicaps, In
tho order of their dlfllculty, may bo
summarized as follows:
1. Brigandago in almost ovcry sec
tion of tho country; widespread lovo
of a buccaneering life, brought about
by tho succession of revolutions.
2. Zapata's revolutionary army in
tho Montoncgrollko state of Morelos.
3. Tho stato government of Oaxaca,
This government is a novolty in Mox
ico, and hns maintained order and de
clared itself "neutral" toward Villa and
Carranza and othor chloftalus of war
llko proclivity.
4. Tho question of "manhood," I. o.,
tho dldlculty of finding suitablo men
for government positions.
G. An empty national treasury and
prostrated industries. Typhus.
Au to brigandage, 1 an American
named Simons, who arrived in La
redo, Tex., n fow days ago from a
point near Moxico City, whoro ho is
engaged in business, brings an inter
esting story. Ho describos chaotic
conditions prevalont in tho country
contiguous to tho Moxlcan capital' at
thlB time whoro, onvlronod by con
tagious diseases and postllonco on tho
ono hand, and by marauding bands of
outlaws and recalcitrant peoplo gen
orally on tho othor hand, Gon. Pablo
Gonzales, tho Carranza military com
mander of Mexico City, Is. confronted
with an lntricato problem.
Within a radius of 3G mllos north
wogt of Mexico City tho laud is
filled with bands of Outlaws and
marauding and devastation is keep
ing them busy. Largo haciendas,
or ranches, aro being raided by those
outlaws, tho homes looted and tho
peoplo compelled to Ilea to safety, and
in bo mo instances, tho torch applied.
Tho roving bands of marauders aro
strongly organized and travel in largo
force, and whenover Carrnnzlsta sol
diers aro sent out to attempt to dls
porso them or givo battlo, tho sol
diery Is generally defeated. Only ro
contly a forco of Carranza men sent
out to a point northwest of Moxico
City about 20 miles fulled to return,
and it Is believed they wero ambus
caded by tho outlaws and annihilated.
Swarms With Brlnando.
However, tho principal abodo of
lawlessness at this time begins at a
point 35 miles northwest of tho Mex
ican capital, says tho American, and
In that section tho country is swarm
ing with brigands. Thoy aro neither
Zapatistas nor Villlutas, but each
largo band has its leader, and with
them tho orders of tho leader Is law.
Occasionally theso men engage tho
soldiers of both Carranza and Za
pata, but thu Zapatistas aro thinning
out around Moxico City now and aro
taking to tho mountainous country to
the southwest of tho capital.
Gen. Pablo Gonzales bus exerted
his utmost effort to quell tho disturb
ances in his district, states tho Ameri
can, but ho has an Inadequate forco
to copo with tho situation with which
he Is confronted at this time. Thero
is oven dissension noticeable among
his mon, because of tho restrictions
exacted to confine them to certain
quarters of the city on account of tho
unwholesome health conditions pre
vailing.
In tho Padiucn district, says Mr. Si
guns in tlio mountains nbovo (ioritz
city. Tho crow la about to put In the
HARD
mons, thero Is occasional fighting now
between forces representing tho fac
tions of Carranzn. Villa, Zapata and
oven Oaxaca Indians. Tho latter In
dians aro inclined to cast tholr lots
with any faction thut appears In tho
majority, and when thero is any un
certainty as to this condition they
fight for themsolvcs, loot and ratso
havoc gonorally.
"Tho stato of Oaxaca Is neutral and
conducting hor affairs Independently of
all tho rest of Moxico," says Mr. Si
mons. "Tho governor of that stato
was put In tho executive chair by tho
peoplo of Oaxaca; ho lias a large army
to carry out his orders and tho peo
plo gonorally aro loyal to tho gov
ernor. Thoro is no trespnsslng In tho
stato allowed from Carranza, Villa, Za
pata or othor factional forces or brig
ands. In this stato porfect tranquillity
is boing maintained and tho stato gov
ernment Is not boing molosted by out
sldo Inlluoncos. In Oaxaca, tho stato
government has exacted but ono prom
Ise from tho peoplo bostdes that of
living peacefully and lawfully that Is,
that thoy will not uso tho factlonnl
curroncy of olthor Carranza or Villa,
but that tho bank bills of Oaxaca, to
gether with silver and gold money,
shall bo tho prevailing medium of
circulation.
Has Dono Great Work.
Unllko In Moxico City, tho peoplo
of Oaxaca aro consequently only us
ing bank bill currency and gold nnd
sllvor monoy of tho old Moxlcan gov
ernment. Under theso conditions
poaco and prosperity provalls only In
tho stato of Oaxaca."
"Between Tamplco and tho coun
try for n distance of about GO miles
northwest of thoro," ho continued,
"tho brigand forcoa of tho Cedilla
brothers aro looting. These bands
cannot bo apprehended by tho Car
ranza soldiors, for after making ono of
tholr rnlds thoy hike to tho mountain
ous country and in tho fastnesses of
tho mountains they eludo pursuit."
However1, tho American states that
First Chief Carranza has so far ac
complished a great work for Moxico,
for In many places tho old-tlmo pros
perity and gonornl activity has boon
restored, mines and other industries
have resumed and an air of coufidonco
provnjls. Many Amorlcnus and other
foreigners who from two to four-yonrs
ago lied from tho country on account
of tho revolution are now roturnlng
thero some to tako old positions
which thoy gavo up, and others to
make InvcstmontB and hazard tho
chances of making , good now that
poaco appears to bo firmly established
.in portions of tho country.
Some interesting details of Cnrran-
za's recent tour of tho northern states
arrived horo today from Saltillo. Ac
companylug him was Gon. Alvaro Ob
rogon, tho man who defeated Villa
now tho strongest military figure In
Mexico.
Wliorovcr tho nows of tho coming of
tho first chief preceded his Hock of
special trains thero wore seven of
them tho national colors blossomed
in all the prlstlno oxuborauco of the
Diaz roglme. From Tumplco to Snltlllo
tho Moxlcan revived not only tho prnc
tlco of decorating their communities
with tho national colors and playing
tho national anthem, but tho urt of
building triumphal arches.
In his nativo city, Saltillo, n series
of beautifully-designed arches showed
him tho way back to tho stato capital
from tho balcony of which In Fobruary,
1913, ho proclaimed tho beginning of
the revolution ngaliist Vlctorlano
Huerta and from the courtyard ol
which ho mounted his horso and sot
forth to rcstoro to the peoplo tholi
constitutional rights. Tho urches bort
r.uch Inscriptions us these'.
"Venustinno Carranza, preserver ol
thu national liberties."
"Venustinno Carranza has spoker
for the soul of his peoplo."
"Vcnustlano Carranza, tho liberator
the patriot, the hero."
Tell a Wretched Story.
The neighborhood of Saltillo has al
ways been a Carranzlstas country, mil
tho abundant wreckage of trains, sta
tions and public buildings In the state
of Nuovo Leon and tho stilled Indus
tries tell a wretched story of oven
comparatively recent differences of
opinion among thu inhabitants.
Tho nlmost empty streets of Monte
rey once tho Pittsburgh of Mexico
also tell a story. Less than a year age
Antonio Vlllarrcal was there. Ho pro
fessed allcglanco to the constitutional
cause. Angeles camo and drovo him
out. Villarreal's retreat was accom
panied by much random shooting that
dropped scores of civilians. Tho mag
niljeont new railroad station was fired
Shells laid low many homes of the
poor people.
Villa came a (ow months ago and
compelled tho tradespeople to pay 1,-
I 000,000 pesos. Then the Vllllstas fled
boforo Trovinn and thero was more
I holtor-skoltor shooting more killed
'. lookers-on. So, when Monterey heard
that Carranza and Obregon wero com
lng with mnny trains of Yaquls, Mon
terey oboyed orders to tako a holiday
and then kept off tho streets.
In tho mile-long procession that
Governor do la Gurza got up in honor
of tho distinguished visitors there
wero more men than all tho men, wom
en and children on the sidewalks. But
It was tho most orderly parade of revo
lutionists that had taken placo In Mon
tcroy slnco tho beginning of tho days
of occupations, evacuations and
triumphal entries. And so towards tho
latter part of tho afternoon tho peoplo
of Monteroy omerged from their
houses and wandered around in search
of tho celebrities.
There was a kermess in the evening
at ono of tho Alamedas. Carranza wont
to It. Ho bought hugo quantities of
flowers, submitted to "arrest" nnd
"fino" of 199 pesos, shook hands with
all tho pretty young ladles and as?
usual, boro himself with dignity.
Obregon wont to the kermess, too.
Tho young ladles made a tremendous
ado over this handsome one-armed
horo of tho revolution. When tho two
men left tho park everybody crowded
around their automobiles and shouted
"vivas." It wub tho first ttmo for many
a day that any considerable number of
representative Monterey folks had
Bhouted vivas for revolutionaries.
Hack In tho first Constitutionalist
occupation of the City of Moxico, when
Carranza rodo forth In Avcnldn Fran
cisco I. Madero or In tho Pnseo tho
peoplo paused to look at him and to
say to ono another:
"Thoro goes Carranza!"
The Cause, Not the Man.
If thoy did not havo too many
qnvesdropplng nolghbors thoy wero
likely to add ono pr two other favorlto
words. Seldom or novcr, camo a "viva,"
Tho Bllenco was damning. If It wero
broken at all by an outcry tho enthusi
ast turned out to bo a man in uniform.
But all through tho tatcs of Tamaull
pas and Nuovo Leon and through
Coahulla to this city Carranza has
been given nbundnnt ovldonco of ono
mlnded revolutionary enthusiasm. Ho
has accoptod this horaago with grave
dignity, often with unchanging face,
llko a man after all receiving only his
duo.
"It is not enthusiasm for tho man,"
say his followers. "It is for tho cauBe
that ho roprosonts nnd loadB tho cause
of tho peoplo." Tho Mexicans uso the
words "ol pueblo." Whllo tho diction
ary translation of "ol pueblo" la "the
people," the words "tho populnco''
sorvo best to convoy tho Moxlcan
meaning.
Thoy aro moatly Indians who gather
nt tho stations and throng tho city
streets to shout "vlvaB" for Carranza
and Obregon. It is doubtful If more
than ono in fifty of them can read or
wrlto, but thoro is no doubt that thoy
know Carranza whan ho steps forth
from his car, and tho mere sight of
Obrogon sends them Into hysterics.
Tho gravity of Carranza on tour, or
olBowhoro, for that matter, la imper
turbable, nnd so perhaps what his fol
lowers say Is truo, that tho onthuslnsm
Is for tho cause that he represents.
Certainly local spokesmen toll him elo
quently to his fnco that tho peoplo
havo gathered to omphaslzo to him the
meaning of tho cnuso of tho people.
They say this with all respect and thoy
give him their gratitude and homage,
but always, oven In tho most obscure
mountain hamlets, tho causo of tho
peoplo Is placed abovo personalities.
Tho appeal of Obregon to hamlot
groups and city populaces la Instan
taneous. Ho Is a gallant, cltoory llguro
thnt takes tho eye. From him radiates
a world of energy; Its effect is magi
cal. Tho causo of tho peoplo mny be
tho greatest thing In the world to
thoso uudlonccs of First Chlof Cnr
ranza on his triumphal tour, but Obro
gon is n full-Hedged horo. Ho has all
tho attributes of tho hero, including n
stump of nn arm which Ills victory at
Calaya loft him.
All tho sunshine of Moxico plnya
ovor Obrcgon's handsomo Irish fnco.
Ho likes his peoplo, and ho likes thorn
so well that oven as ho smiles back at
them ho moves a llttlo closer to Cnr
rnnzn's sldo and stands thero aggres
sively for all tho world to know thnt
ho Is with Carranza, to glvo tho Ho to
tho rumors that n breach between tho
two mon is u possibility
No Law Forbids Spies
W5
ASIIINGTON. Tho United States
foreign countries from making
appearanco of fortifications and tho
may bo apprchendou, but so far as tho outward aspects of forts aro con
corned, spies of any country aro welcome to all tho information thoy can got
under present laws.
This stato of affairs is regarded by some persons as especially danger
ous with rolatlon to aviation fields. A foreign Bpy could make complete
plans of aviation fields of tho United StateB govornmont, showing whore
hangars and other buildings aro situated without violating any existing law.
It has been suggested that congress this winter make somo provision
for moro adequately protecting American military secrets from foreigners,
and this idea may bo incorporated in national defense legislation.
Annual Animal Social Register of Washington
THE annual animal social register of tho United States government has
appeared. Only about fifty names wero added to thoso bipedal and
quadrupedal elite. Tho list forms a group as exclusive as that contained in
any blue book of tho genus homo, and
not oven tho stato department's diplo
matic list is censored by tho chief
justice of tho United States Supromo
court, not to mention a vico president,
mombers of tho senato, and prlvato
citizens of national note.
When that grave scientific body,
tho Smithsonian regents, with Chief
Justice White as their chancellor, as
sembled in Washington they recolved
tho annual report of tho National Zoo
logical park. That roport contains
throe pages of itemized animals at tho park (called by proletarian humans
tho "Zoo"), and each animal therein Is mentioned by namo, and tho stato of
health of many of them Is reported upon.
Tho document contains much chatty comment, not to mention a birth
register, of our most elite zoological families. Other moro "zoos" may got
Into reports, but thoy aro not printed at tho government printing office, and
stamped with any such high approval as that of the Smithsonian regents.
Social affairs at tho Washington zoo during tho last year became vastly
moro cosmopolitan, it appears, though no less exclusive, because of thu ad
vent of Mrs. Diamond Rattlesnake, whoso jewels dazzled the horseshoe at
tho Snako Cago opera. Mr. Great Horned Owl added much zest to tho night
llfo, and Miss Whistling Swan and tho MIssob Mocking Bird wero in great
demand at tho afternoon musicalcs (given when animals are fed at 3:30).
At every first night, especially when Miaa Silver PheaBD.nt Bang, was old
Mr. Bald Eagle, and ho caused much gossip among tho older sot by his
attentions to tho petlto Mlsa Grass Parrakeet. Likewise thoro was much
whispering behind fins and wings when Mr. Black Snako, a villainous-looking
gentleman, arrived in company with Miss Barred Owl, a beauty of tho
sleeply oriental typo.'
Washington Man Owns Famous Maximilian Opal
EVER slnco tho lato Gen. Marc Antony, triumvir of Rome covetod an opal
owned by a sonator of that empire, who prized tho stone so highly that
ho loft Romo rather than give it to Antony to carry around to Cleopatra,
opals have been moro or less in the
This particular opal camo Mr.
Browne's way becauso ho got three shiploads of ammunition to General
Carranza's agents in tlmo to turn tho tido in favor of the constitutionalist
causo.
Tho Maximilian opal, as famous among those versed In historic gems as
is tho Hopo diamond, was owned by Emperor Maximilian, was given to
General Miramon, his chief of staff, and was found on tho body of the latter
after tho two' wero executed nt Quoretaro, an incident that marked the final
chapter in tho romantic history c-f tho empire of Mexico.
In tho early summer of 1914 New York papers carried a little item to tho
effect that "somo of the ammunition which is being supplied General Car
ranza is boing taken out of Galveston on vessols chartered by someono who
has assumed tho namo of Herbert J. Browne, a well-known Washington
uowspaper man."
Herbert J. Browne's abilities as a skipper, it would seem, wore not even
known to his frionds In tho newspaper business. But it was ho who, in his
own namo, took out papers as captain of tho vessels, gave Havana as his
destination, and when he reached open water turned tholr prows toward
Moxico.
White House Collection
ONE of tho most Interesting pieces in tho Whlto House collection of presi
dential china Is au old plato rccontly given by Miss Marv CubHh Len.
daughtor of Robert E. Leo. This plato
tngton, and aside from being of lncs-
tlmablo valuo historically, Is of greater
ago than any othor piece In tho whole
collection. It Ib a dinner plato of tho
well-known and famous set usually re
ferred to as tho Cincinnati china.
MIsb Loo camo into possession of
It through hor maternal grandfather,
Ceorgo Washington Parko Custls,
vfhoso grandmother) Martha Washing
ton, wlllod It to him, Tho presenta
tion of this historic ploco was made to
JfllSB Margaret Wilson for tho collec
tion. Tho Whlto IIouso collection of presidential ware Is ono of the most
interesting historical collections in tho country, and an interesting story Is
attached to tho acquisition of every piece of it.
Tho collection was begun with parts of sots of dinner services found in
tho Whlto IIouso usod by soven presidents. It' waB placed In two cablnots
in tho lower east corridor of the mansion, which were designed by Mrs.
TJUoodoro Roosovolt.
Eight shelves wore filled with china used during tho Lincoln, Grant,
Hayes, Arthur, Harrison, Clovoland, McKInloy and Roosovolt administrations.
This orlglnnl collection has been augmented by gifts from descendants or
friends of tho various presidents until it now fills four cablnots and ap
proaches completion.
Ono sholf Is llllod with pieces from tho stato dinner sot which Mrs.
Roosovolt ordorod, and which is still used ns tho stato set. It Is of beautiful
Wedgwood, decorated with a simple colonial pattern In gold and tho obverse
of tho groat seal of tho United States enameled In colore on each plato.
This sat contains moro than twelve hundred pieces.
to Sketch Our Defenses
has no law which prohibits splea
sketches, photographs and plnns of the
topography of tho land surrounding
them, in tlmo of peace, it was pointed
out by tho department of Juatlco the
othor day. In tlmo of war martial
law provalls ns to tho treatment oi
foreigners or ngonts of foreign gov
ernments engaging in such occupa
tions. Any person In tho govornmont
service giving out information regard
ing tho Interior of fortifications may
bo punished by law and any private
cltlzon who makes drawings or pic
tures of tho interior of fortifications
limollght of dynasties, emperors and
nations.
Today thero walks about the
streets of Washington a man who can
reach into his left-hand vest pocket, ll
ho will, and show you tho dazzling,
opalescent gem, famous in Moxlcan
history as tho "Maximilian opal." Tho
man is Herbert J. Browne, whose hob
bies include sailing boats, tho single
tax, and collecting opals.
of China Is Notable
is ono that was used by Georgo Wash
9
Nl CANADA'
GensiisT
Decidedly Encouraging From Ev
ery Standpoint.
Speaking of conditions generally In
Canada, tho most encouraging feature
of tho year, from a trado and financial
standpoint, has been tho bountiful
harvest of tho Northwest, whero a.
greatly increased area under cultiva
tion has given tho highest average
yield In tho history of tho country. It
is estimated that the grain crop of
Manitoba, Snskatchowan and Alberta
has a market valuo to tho producers of
approximately four hundred million
dollars, In tho uso of which wo muy
nntlclpato not only tho liquidation of
much indebtedness, but , tho stimula
tion of current trade.
Tho annual reports of tho various
banks throughout Canada aro now bo
ing published. They savor of opti
mism all tho way through, and, con
trary to what might bo generally ox
pected in wur times, business Is good
everywhere.
Tho General Manager of tho Bank of
Montreal at tho recent annual meet
ing said: "Tho position of Canada is
a highly favored ono, with an assured
future of growth, development and
general prosperity."
In tho samo roport It 1b said that tho
Canadian Woat "has recovered to a
marked extent from tho economic dis
location of a year ago."
The season's wheat and other cereal
crops havo exceeded all previous rec
ords in quantity and quality, and, do
splto tho enormous yield, prices havo
beon uncommonly well maintained.
It would bo difficult to exaggerate
tho importance of theso results to the
Prairie ProvinceB and tho Dominion
at large.
Tho prosperity of thoso engaged In
mixed farming and ranching Is most
encouraging.
Tho flour mills in Manitoba. Sas
katchewan and Alberta aro busy and
aro doing well. Tholr combined dally
capacity Is about 27.000 barrels.
Tho largo advances of tho Dominion
jovernment to farmers in certain dis
tricts, principally In tho form of seed,
wero made very opportuntl and havo
beon amply justified by the very largo
crop yield In thoso districts.
Business In many Important lines is
good and should continue to improve
as returns from grain yet to bo mar
keted aro received.
Tho goneral business outlook has
beon transformed by tho largo crop.
Tho returns of tho gross earnings of
Canadian railroads for November show
thoso of tho Canadian Paciflc In
creased $1,796,000 or 7S per cent for
tho last nine days of tho month. Com
pared with same month year ago, In
creaso no less than $5,291,000 or 67.6
per cent against a 45 per cent gain in
October, and a decreaso of 4 per
cent in September.
H. V. Meredith, of tho Bank of Mont
real, in a recent address delivered at
Montreal, declared that tho most en
couraging feature from a trade and
finance standpoint had beon tho boun
tiful harvest of tho Northwest, whero
tho greatly increased area under culti
vation had glvon tho highest average
In history of tho country. Ho esti
mated tho grain crop of tho threo
provinces at a valuo of over $400,000,
000, and said that such remarkable re
sults would havo tho effect of attract
ing tho tldo of immigration to our
shores, when the world is again at
peaco. Tho restoration of a favorable
balance in our foreign trado is a fac
tor of supremo importance at tho pres
ont time.
It is the general opinion In the East
that tho 1915 grain crop in tho Prai
rie Provinces not only put tho whole
Dominion in a sounder trado and finan
cial standing, but that it will also ro
sult in a big increaso in immigration
to tho West of agricultural settlors,
who will Include capitalized farmers
from Europe and tho United States as
well as horaestcadors. Advertisement.
But Will They "Stick"?
It Is said that an organization ot
womon in Japan numbers 10,00 mom
bors, who havo sworn never to marry
unless tholr prospoctlvo husbanda
agreo to support a movement for ob
taining for them equal treatment with
mon and an improved economic posi
tion. For a really fino coffee at a mod
orato price, drink Denlson's Sominolo
Brand, 35c tho lb., m sealed cans.
Only ono merchant in each town
sells Sominolo. If your grocer isn't
tho ono, wrlto tho Donlson Coffeo Co.,
Chicago, for n souvenir and tho namo
ot your Semlnolo dealer.
Buy tho 3 lb. Canlstor Can for $1.00.
Adv.
She Is indeed a wlso woman who
inows when to stop talking and turn
on tho flow of tears.
Piles Relieved by First Application
And cured In 6 to 14 days by PAZO OINTMENT,
the universal remedy for all forms ol Piles!
DrugcisU refund money If it falls. oo.
As president of the French republlo
M. Polncaro receives a salary of $120.
000 per annum.
Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are tho
original little hver pills put up 40 years
ago. They regulate liver and bowels. Adr.
Joalousy is your verdict againBt
your own charms and In favor of your
rivals.
1
i