HOW
THE EMDf
WINTER QUARTERS IN THE DOLOMITES
MIIONAL
L SYST
GVPflAL ATTAJD
IN
em
K1ITW
5 00
WQRKS
G A FJ
Florence Palton Writes of Day
Spent in Model Educational
Institutions.
WORK ALL PLAY FOR PUPILS
Family Spirit Is the Strong Feature
of the System Teacher Is Llko
Mother of Flock Grown-Upo
Attend Night Schools.
By FLORENCE PATTON.
Chicago. A ilay In tlio Gary (Ind.)
Bchools and a half hour with William
A. Wirt, educational wizard, has Just
boon my privllcgo.
Tho day began at eight and ended
nt flvo, tho regular school poriod of
a Gary child, and I carao away illlcd
with an almost reverent admiration for
this qulot, aimplo man of accomplish
ment. I could understand why his
rovolution of Gary schools had urged
his namo for superintendent of Chica
go schools to succeed Mrs. Young, and
why Now York city begged his advlco
to tho tuno of 110.000, recently.
Standing in the warm fntnlly atmos
phere of this Gary model placo. I know
that I had hated tho stereotyped school
day; tho stiff standing shoulder to
shoulder in lino to march to class; tho
everlasting sameness of that morning
assombly; tho clang of tho boll; tho
depression of that watch upon whls
poring I always did havo so much
to say to Mary or Sadlo or Roso ;
tho "Bit up children straight" (it
was so comfy to lounge a bit 1 could
think bottor) and all tho rest of it that
still ondures and Irks a child unmcrcl
fully.
How can tho grado teacher with her
smattering of information oxpect to
compoto in interesting a child, with tha
tutor, who, through specializing, is
thorough, introspective Intultlvo and
resourceful?
It isn't tho grndo toachcr who Is to
blamo. It's tho systom.
It camo over mo bo suddenly, so re
freshingly in tho EmorBon trip, that
I confess I was rattled when William
A. Wirt, superintendent of schools of
Gary, said ho was ready for a talk.
"What 1b it? What is it about thiB
'placo that fits ono llko a rocking chair,
mado to order?" I wanted to know.
And tho qulot nnswor camo pat; "It's
tho family spirit."
No Overworked Children.
I mentioned tho long period from
eight, until llvo o'clock. Lot nobody lm
nglno thoro nro overworked children in
tho Gary schools. Primarily, tho extra
two hours from throo to llvo, aro
meant to keep tho boy and girl out of
tho Btroot. It 1b a crime, according
to Mr. Wirt, to lot thoso two hours bo
wasted, when thoy can bo put In with
Interesting play in tho school.
For there is no work In tho Gary
schools. It is all play, meant to bo so.
And by tho appoaranco of tho children,
you know this to bo so. Tho Emor
Bon, like tho bigger Froobol school, ac
commodates tho high school pupils,
tho grado children and tho kindergar
tens, all at tho snmo tlmo. Again It Is
tho family idea. Tho younger ones
havo constantly boforo them tho ox
amplo of tho oldor children.
For instance, a kindergarten room
may bo placed noxt to tho botany room
or tho physics laboratory. How tho
big oyos stare into thoso moro digni
fied quarters, how tho llttlo Imagina
tions plan to reach thoro somo day!
And I saw a high school pupil racing
along a corridor with a llttlo tad in
tow, when classes changed ono hour.
Ab to changing thoro Is not sot or
3er, no rulo, no stiff lining up. In clas3
and out, pupils aro not subjected to tho
constant "8h!" ndmon,lshraont. Tho
toachor 1b moro llko tho mothor of
tho flock or tho big Bister, and down in
tho BhtfpB tho boys appear to bo work
ing with father. It Is Just bocauso
thoro nro no sot, prlsonllko rules, that
thero is no noise and no disorder.
Some Group Always Playing.
And somo group Is playing all of
tho tlmo. Thero aro about llvo acres
Df playground about tho school and a
wading pool and gardon for tho spring
and summon And tho auditorium,
cymnasiums nnd swimming pool aro
seldom ompty. Somo group is always
playing. When ono of throo groups
returns for arithmetic or drawing, nn
othor group gooB out to romp or to
music in tho auditorium or down to tho
city market. And things aro bo ar
ranged that, if tho parents of a child
?o desire, a play hour may bo put In at
tho family church for rollglouB Instruc
tion. Tho churches havo cooperated
with Mr. Wlrt in this.
Peeping into tho class rooms 1 sow
arithmetic pupilB Bitting about aB thoy
pleased, whispering if thoy choso. ban
dllng objects frooly. in tho shops,
In moBt cases, presided over by a
union man by tho way, nobody ap
poarod to bo instructed by tho Instruc
tor alono. A boy appoarcd to bo learn
ing forgo work, for Instunco, aB well
by consulting with a moro advancod
student, as from tho teachor.
In drawing class, seventh graders
wero lined up at easols with fourth
graders and ono high school boy was
working thero with charcoal. This
wholo room by tho way, had boon
painted by tho painting boys, had been
stenc:.ed and tilled In bv others; u
Sovoro winter has already set In
and Italian warriors aro lighting In tho snow, and probably will bo for tho
next flvo months. The photograph shows tno snow-covered duc-out n nr Aim.
trian troops In ono of tho passes.
window that offended by Its stark ob
long, had been changed to stained glass
and its casing was mado In tho shops
At tho Froobol school by tho way.
all tho tables and chairs, tho cup
boards and cases, wero mado by tho
boys. A boy working in tho shop gota
nia tlmo card and la paid GO cents an
hour. At tho end of tho week, ho Is
given n check which ho deposits In tho
school bank and when ho has saved
$80 ho bus mado a credit toward gradu
ation.
Aloof Dignity of a Teller.
I went Into tho bank, which is run
by tho pupils and ono of tho clerks.
a boy of about sixteen, showed mo
around. Ho had all tho aloof dignity
of tho toller. Ho unbent a bit to tol'
mo things, but when I inadvertently
wondored whothor I could borrow ton
dollurB or flfteon dollars ho frozo
again. I could monkoy In tho zoology
class, it appeared, but not in tho bank.
Hy tho way, thero is a real zoo nt
tho school, tho tenderer members are
insldo and tho tougher ones outaldo.
Cy Do Vry of tho Lincoln nark zoo.
Chicago, has Bent thorn a pair of hawks
and thero nro foxes and coyotes and
hens and pheasants and groundhogs,
nnd thoro was a bear. But ho sickened
and was sent away. Nono of tho nnl
mals shows tho slightest animosity to
ward tho children. Doth pupils and
animals havo been trained td nn un
dorstnndlng of each other. Tho boys
may go Into tho foxes' cngo nnd pot
them nnd tho coyotes yowl Jealously.
Wo teach no box hygleno here."
said the zoology teachor, "but In our
classes tho approaching motherhood of
n guinea pig and tho birth of baby rab
bits, and bo forth, aro taken quite as
a rnnttor of course"
l'di llko to havo lingered loncer In
tho zoo, tho innor ono particularly,
wnoro i nocamo nn interested nunll
mysolf. Tho toachor has a skunk
thoro, deodorized, nnd in procosB of
taming. Sho clnims that skunks aro
fast dlBpIacing tho Angora cat as a pot,
and thoso who havo tried them say
thoy aro moro playful than kittens.
Every toachcr In tho Gnry schools Is
BpecInllBt. Classes visit her room
for what sho can particularly glvo
WILL NURSE LEPERS
Miss Mary ChomWowslcn. a beautiful
Now York girl, hns entered a convent
at SyrncuHo, N. Y for Instruction In
nursing. Sho lntonds to go to Ha
waiian Islands to nurso and caro for
tho lopors on tho dosolnto Molokal is
land, tho settlement mndo famous by
Father Damlon.
Bargain Marriage Day.
MnsBlllon. Peter Zorgor, seventy,
of this city, -a Civil war vctoran, and
Miss Vordi Kittlngor, twonty-seven. of
West Urookllold, appeared at tho olllco
of Justlco of the Poaco C. 11. Wlsomnn
nnd offorod him a $1 bill and n mnr
rlago license. Tho marriage was a
featuro of a dollar-day salo hold by lo
cal merchants,
Justlco Wlsomnn had announced ho
would marry all couples for 1 1.
' t
on tho Dolomlto Alns. and tho Austrian
uiom. inus inoir interest is stimutf
lM IUU UAJJi CBDIUII UL il U1II1U'
skilled In ono especial subject, Instead'
of dulled by tho smattering out-and-out
drlednoss of tho grndo teacher's
Imperfect equipment.
Grown-Ups Attend School.
Tho question of lighting reminds
mo of tho ovcnlng clnsses. It Is esti
mated that somo 10,000 people aro In
structed dally In Gary, for tho schools
nro open to men and women until nino
nt night, for any lino of work they
chooso to follow. In tho art craft
room I saw somo of tho silver work of
a woman who intends innking use of
tho tenchlng for a livelihood.
This Interest of tho parents Is one
of tho particularly wise points in the
wise administration of Mr. Wlrt. In a
mill city such ns Gary tho children
frequently aro taken out of school nt
fourteen nnd put to work.
Getting tho parents to come to
school Is stimulating their interest in
keeping tho children there. And as
far as tho children's volition is con
corned, thoy nro not daBhlng for the
school exit by any means.
Tho Emerson school has about 800
pupils. With Its careful scattering of
class work and play tlmo it could nc-
commodnto more. Tho Froobel has
1,000 day pupils and moro than that at
night. I saw n girl In tho cobbler's
shop there mending her shoe under tho
nmuscd eyes of her instructor.
"Sho wanted to know how," said tho
cobbler teachor. "and so 1 let her. Lots
of tho girls como to class here."
I went to tho Jefferson school, too.
tho first school put up by the steel
milla peoplo when thoy assayed tho
sand waste and named it Gary. Mr.
Wlrt speedily made an attic into a
gymnasium, put In his special teach
ers and equipped his playground, and,
barring tho elderly aspect of tho placo,
It is as model as any.
For tho model of tho Gary schools
consists of opportunity, extravagant
opportunity for work and play, work
mado into play. And tho running costs
no moro than In any othor city, pro
portionately, whllo tho "attractions"
aro far ahead in number nnd in tho
method In which they nro presented.
SOLDIERS NOISY DREAMERS
Fight Battles In Sleep, Say Fearaomo
London Landladies of Lodging
Houses.
London. Landladies of lodging
houses near by tho railroad terminals
such ns Victoria nnd Waterloo nro be
coming dlllldent about tnking in sol
dlors Juat back from tho front, par
ticularly thoso who hnvo participated
In tho recent fighting nround Loos.
Tho landladies say tho poor sol
diers fight tho torriblo- battle over
again in their sleep nnd tho shrieks
and hyatorla aro enough to shako tho
strongest norvos.
Many of tho men who took part
in tho engagement nro afflicted with
tho most torriblo of dreams and som
nnmbullstlcnlly slash and kill tho Huns
to tho terror of all tho other lodgers.
Figures aro unobtainnblo, but tho
cases of nervous breakdowns during
tho last fow weeks havo reached a
high figure.
Even olllcors havo boen affected, and
men- who havo stood up under tho
strain alnco tho enrly days of tho war
say that tho sightB during tho recent
offensive nro too torriblo for mention.
MAYORS CUT THeIrTaLARIES
Joseph Chambcrlnln'a Son Takes Only
Half of $5,000 ns Executive
of Birmingham.
London. Rent on showing their wil
lingness to do tholr share In prnctlclnir
national oconomy several of tho may
ors of provinclnl English cities have
consented to a substantial reduction
In tholr salaries. Novillo Charaborlnln.
bou of Joseph Chamberlain, in tho re
cont elections was mado lord mayor
of Birmingham, with a salary of $2,
G00, Instead of tho usual 115,000.
Dr. Charles O'Brien Hnrdlng, mayor
of Enstbourno, has accepted a salary
of $950, Instead of $1,500.
Sells Bible Printed In 1754.
Evnnsvlllq, lnd. Forced through
financial difficulties to part with her
most cherished trcanuro, Mrs. Ja
cob Kohl of No. 002 Blankpnborg
stroot. sold an old Ulblo to Mayor
Uenjamln Boosso. Tho Blblo was pub
llshod In 17C4. It '.a n Martin Lu
ther trnnBlntlon and Is yellow with
ago.
VALUE OF GOOD FEATHERING
Improves Appearance of Turkeys, At
tracts Patrons and Is Good
Advertising Feature.
Good feathering, though not for a
moment to bo regardod with turkeys
as equal in importanco to vigor and
hardness, is valuablo for three reasons
first, because it improves the ap
pearance of the flock, attracting pa
trons nnd not infrequently proving a
good advertising feature; second, be-
:auso conformity to tho best Bhow-
A Bronze Turkey,
room standards makes possible
oo
many occasions exceedingly profitable
Biuo-sales of oggs and breeding stock;
third, becauso thero is no better guido
to tho best breeding than tho limits
of a standard variety, bo tlmt nn-
avoids tho dangers of mongrel blood
by striving to develop tho very high
est typo of turkeys within tho confines
of tho ono breed.
Ranking tho desirable characters
tics of the best turkoys in tho order
of their importanco might give a se
quence something like this: Hardi
ness, vigor, immunity from disease,
quickness of growth, alertness and in
telligence, bono and framo, shape, size,
feathering and tameness. Several of
thoso qualities aro moro or less inter
dependent, but tho list gives about the
right impression. Turkey stock that
is prolific is also to bo desired, but
this quality la so closely allied to
thoso first mentioned that it hardly
roqulros a separate listing.
TO INSURE GOOD EGG YIELD
Nothing of Greater Importance Than
Green Feed of Some Kind Hens
Relish Alfalfa.
Necessary as meat feeding is to in
euro a good egg yield, It Is no more
important than feeding some kind of
green food For this nothing is better
than cabbago, small enough to bo
eaten by tho hen in ono day. This
Bhould bo hung up where tho birds
can peck at it without Jumping up.
Mangels or beets cut open and
placed on nails will usually bo eaton
greedily. Onions may bo cut up and
fed about twlco a week, though they
should not bo given for a day or two
boforo tho birds aro to bo killed for
eating, on account of tho dlsngrec
able flavor produced in tho meat.
Hons, though having m variety of
grains and a propor amount of meat,
will, if deprived of green food, fall off
in thoir egg yield. Cabbago or lettuce
leaves thrown looso on tho feeding
floor will largely bo wasted, as tho
blrdB havo difficulty In tearing tho
pieces apart. Potatoos aro good poul-
try food, but should bo cooked, as if
given raw thoy often causo digestive
disturbances. If fed In excess they
aro found to bo too fattening,
Cut clover and alfalfa, if steamed,
aro not only green feeds, but aro
highly nitrogenous, but thoy will nut
altogether tako tho placo of vegeta
bles. START IN POULTRY BUSINESS
Beginner Should Profit by Experience
of Those Ahead of Him Hen
Must Be Cared For.
Tho man who goes into tho poultry
business should profit by all that has !
boen learned by thoso who wore in the t
buslnoss ahead of him, and should not
try to flght It out along tho soma linos
that wero adopted by his predecessors
years ago.
Eggs, llko plants and animals, are
not mado out of nothing. Tho hen is
a machino for making eggs. If tho ma
chlno is a good ono, cared for nnd
proporly fed, eggs may bo produced in
abundance at all seasons of the year.
Keeping Profitable Fowls.
After a bird has Its growth It Is
not profitable to keep It longer, but
tho turkoy and tho goose grow for
somo tlmo, and tho flesh of a turkey
is really bettor a year old than It Is
six months old. Still tho market de
mand is for young stock. And the
markot demand Is tho demand to be
mot.
President Wilson's Old Typewriter Cannot Spell
WASHINGTON. When President WWixlson wrlets a moxsagXo to con
gltozB it looks something llko th!Z?s In addition to which tho
machine's alphabet is badly chowed as to legs and shoulders. The space bar
r
WHERE lS S-5
THA.T LETTfft
You couldn't get a typewritten
line out of tho president on any machine but this one not even with a dark
lantern nnd a Jimmy. White House humorists Bay ho has hand-raised the poor
old thing bo long ho ims dovolopod a. personal attachment for it. If so, that
!b the only valuablo attachment it has.
For years and years tho ancient machine has endured professorial, au
thorial and presidential pecking. And pecking is right, for Mr. Wilson Is a
disciple of tho Hunt system, or forefinger hesitation.
Wherefore it may bo said that this is the only typewriter that over had
tfto distinction of having hesitated' with a presldont.
Tho low, rakish form of this ancient, rusty friend of the president re
poses in his library. They understand each other's idiosyncrasies and ecccn
tricities and they stand together at any tlmo to battle submarines, blockadw
of neutral ports or a a oh, any darned thing.
Starting Lively Campaign for Trade in China
N aggressivo campaign to obtain for American business a share in tho
development of tho enormous resources of China hnn hnnn ninnnnri h
tho departments of stato and commerce. Tho plan contemulates tho develnn.
ment of an American vested interest
In China that will insure to tho United
States a fair share of that country's
foroign trade and bo powerful enough
to tako caro of itself in tho compli
cated political and commercial situa
tion there.
Tho scheme was doveloped by
Paul S. Reinsch, minister to China:
Julian H. Arnold, commercial attache
at Peking, and Dr. Edwaid E. Pratt.
chief of tho bureau of foreign and
domestic commerce. Mr. Reinsch
brought to Washington a program framed by himself and Mr. Arnold, which
was submitted to Doctor Pratt, Secretary Lansing, and other officials. It
was generally Indorsed, and the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce
has already begun work along tho lines
tho United States this winter and tour
vestment in China.
Stato department officials havo
China sinco the recent granting of oxtenslvo special privileges demanded by
Japan. No political steps havo been taken to obtain concesslona or nriviletreg
for Americans, however, and tho policy of tho government has been stead
fastly against commercial politics such as other nations have emnloved in
China. The plan now proposed will, it is expected, develop an American in
terest thero which will be powerful enough to meet tho competition of other
nations.
Doctor Pratt pointed out that American capital was Dillne ud as a rpsnlt.
of tho European war, and that vast
vestment. Tho bureau oxpects to tako
offered in China and to havo an American interest strongly intrenched thero
at tno close of-tho war.
Work in tho desired direction has
commerco bureau in tho United States, and several Now England business
men aro now in China closing contracts for the installation of American
machinery in cotton mills built under Chlneso government supervision.
White House Social Secretary Must Know a Lot
THE appointement of a new social secretary at the Whlto House has served
to direct attention to tho inmortant dutinn of thin "niHMni ntinnt
so llttlo is usually heard and yet who
in Washington society and havo learned that it itt nn iinnnriinnnMn
to admit tho wlfo of a United Statos senator to stop in or bo seated at a
tablo bofore tho wife of an ambassador. Sho must know all tho rules of
precodonco down to the dotting of tho "l's" and the crossing of tho "t's". Sho
must bo a woman who will novcr forget that no ono may properly precede
n ambassador and his wife except tho president or tho United States the
vico president and tho mombers of tho cabinet and thoir wIvpk '
Not only must this question of precedence be thorouehlv undprnni iiv
the social secretary in Washington, but
Individual in tho wealthy resident and
tho invitation list maker to know tho
wuum nur employer may meet or irom
Tho social secretary at tho Whlto
and tho visiting lists. Sho opens nnd
conference with tho mistress of tho
ments sho thinks should bo accepted and
dictates sho should reject. Sometimes it
social secretary stretches her ingenuity a
engagements of the first lady of the land
uro cousiuercu eupeciany uesiraoio anu
It Is No Wonder That
T11,1" mRn w? st,nnc!s, guiml
, iu vu V .
.T"' B Jonea " st.bo until
strictly to his own business ono day
not long ago, when an Englishman of
most pronounced typo entered tho
gate. Mr. Jones is used to having
pooplo thrilled as they sot foot upon
that sacred soil, but this Englishman
did not display tho least sign of a
thrill. Ho looked at Jones and asked:
"What is there to bo seen here,
my man?"
Now, Mr. Jones is exceedingly dis
pleased when spoken to in that fash
ion, and probably showed it in ills re-
kl 1 . m.l, Inl, v.tn m Itin. t 41. I- 1
yij, nunu non mui ouuiu ui mu neugua 01 uoxwoou wero very ancient. Tho
burly Britcn moved on and looked things over in tho garden. It wasn't long
before ho returned to Mr. Jones, and, fixing his stolid gazo upon that warden
it the sacred soil, mado free to remark:
"Why, I see Mr. Washington got theso box trees from England."
Jone exploded:
"Yes, and what's moroi ho got this whole country from England Good-
by."
suflors from Intermittent paralysis.
Somo of tho letters aro virtually mute.
Others have bold, black faces. Tho
ribbon is about as fresh and whole"
as a battle flog in a museum. Tho
mechanism generally is decrepit, and
limps heavily through tho affairs of
stato only under tho sovereat presi
dential goading. Mr. Wilson admits
It Ib far from faultless, but ho likes It,
and ho is very proud of tho fact that
it has no hyphen.
suggested. Mr. Arnold will return to
tho country to securo capital for in
boen watching commercial conditions in
sums of idle money aro available for In
advantage of every onnortunitv now
already been begun by acents of tho
wields a remarkable power in direct
ing the social affairs of tho adminiS'
tratlon.
It is generally acknowledged in
Washington that the new social sec
retary, Miss Edith Benhnm, a daughter
of tho lato Rear Admiral Benham, has
brought to the post qualifications'
which ought to insure tho success of
tho social regime of tho new mistress
of tho White House.
First, tho social secretary at the
White House must bo a lady born and
l)red. She must have had exnorieneo
sho must also know onnh mui n,.
unofficial circles. It Is necessary for
norsonal nnd snrlni Htnnriin n
wnom sho may recoivo calls
House has chariro of thn n'noini n,n
replies to every formal note, nmi nftor
Whlto House accents whatever piii.
sends regrets to thoso her Judgment
has been said that the White House
llttlo and manipulates tho dates nn.i
so that sho may accept those which
turn down the others.
Guard Jones Exploded
ncnr tho France to the grounds at
. y n0t U JOnes' stlU aBa, 11 mav
further information. He was attending
1 .
doSt 5lpGf thisT
SAY JflUSoV ?$(5vYWH0L
