THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE. NFRRAQKA ASKED TO I U a PRESIDENT CALLS ON BUSINESS MEN TO PLAN FOR NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS. OVATION BY 1,100 0HI0ANS Chief Calls Himself a "Militant Demo crat" Says U. S. Is Reserve Force of the World Nation Also Great Peace Influence Makes Two Talks. Columbus, O., Dec. 13. Prepared hcbh by business men to rooblllzo tlio resources of the nation us a measure- of national dcfeiiho was urged by President Wilaon hero on Friday In i. ringing nddresn bo foro tlio Columbus Chamber of Com merce. Ills words were given added Blgnlllcnnco by tlio disputes pending between the United States and Austria and Germany. The president declared that If the United States preserves Its solf-pos-scsslon In tlio present crisis It will have great Inffucnco in reconstructing tlio peaceful courso of tlio world and in bringing tlio nations tjgethor ugaln. Tlio president's address was ap plauded by a nonpartisan audlonco of 1.100, including many of tlio leading olllclals and business men of Ohio. Whllo ho had not written it out In ad vance, ho had thought It over careful ly. Ills themo was tlio "Statesman ship of Industry." Tho president told tlio business men that it was Impossi ble to ffoparato business and life. Tho history or busln ss In tho United States, he said, vas tied up with tho history of tho nation. Need of Bhlps to carry tho commorco of tho nation was emphasized. Sinco tho War of 1812, ho declared, tho Unl ted States has purposely attended first to internal affairs. Soma business men, ho declared, sought foreign trade, but many disregarded It. Tho banking and currency law passed during tho present administra tion was lauded by tho president oan great aid to foreign commorco. Until It was pasncd thoro wero hardly any foreign branches of American batiks. Ilo criticized tho policy of protec tion. Business, ho declared, should bo cfllclcnt, but It should not bo organized in order to securo monopolies. Ilo opposed tho Injection of politics into business. Ho described himself as a "militant Democrat" and added that tho Democratic party wanted to help business. Repeating tho idea expressed In his last mcssago to congress, tho presi dent said that ho bollovod in liberty of all peoples. Ho doclared aggressively that as long ns ho was 'president Mex ico would bo allowed to chooso its own government. Tho European war, ho declared, had put tho United States In a now rela tion to tho world. This nation will havo to bo tho rosorvo forco of tho world, ho assorted. Ills mcssago to tlio valuo of tho church as a forco to savo Bocloty was given by President Woodrow Wilson In his address at tho closing session of tho Conforcnco on Church and Country Llfo when ho spoko to moro than four thousand pcoplo who packed tho great Memorial hall hero. Alter his address, which was applaud ed repeatedly, tho president loft for Washington. It was his second address of tho day, tho first bolng ona to business men at a noon-day luncheon. In addi tion, ho mot 5,000 Ohloans at nn after noon reception in tho Ohio capital. Tho audlonco at botb mediums cheorod tho president. "Enact a law," tho president cnld, "that docs not rolloct tho moral Judg ment of tho community, thnt Is tho moral Judgmont only of a small minor ity, nnd tho pcoplo will not understand It. Law is only a record of uchlovo mont. Christianity Is tho only forco that can transform llfo." Ills tribute to tho church as tho or ganized instrument of Christianity had boon given earlier In Ills nddrcss, when ho doclared that whllo Christian lly might savo tho soul of tho Individual to himself, it was only tho church that might savo society. KAISER RECALLS ATTACHES Emperor Has' Personally Withdrawn Captains Boy-Ed and Von Papen. Washington, Doc. 13. Emperor Wil liam has porsonally withdrawn Cap tains Hoy-Ed and Von Papon, tho naval and military uttachos of tho German embassy hero, and has mado a per sonal request that tho United States securo safo conducts for thorn and their successors. ThiB wob formally announced on Friday by Secretary Lansing. It waB mado plain by tho ambassa dor that tho recall of tho naval and military attaches was perfectly satis factory to Emporor William, who han dled tho caso hlmsolf. Freedom for Turk Women. Berlin, Dec. 1'.!. Turkoy's participa tion In tho war Is bringing a greater dogrco of freedom to tho Turkish women. Tho Turkish mlnlBtry an nounces that women aro to bo cm ployed In tho money-order post olllcos One Killed In Shop Blast. South Rcthlchom, Pa., Dec. 13. Ono workman was killed and fifteen tollerB woro Injured by an explosion in tho plant whoro the Bethlehem Steel company wns'.niaktiig shell fuses for tho cntento allies of Europo. THE BATTLE LINE I. ...... 7 hb r V tXTJ Hvt s.i.-. . ie iron ui ieot mm SUIPPJSS eg The Champagne district has been the sceno of ''onstant fighting slnco tho big French offensive of last September. Tho Germans recently cap tured COO yards of trenches on hill 103 on Hutto do Uoualn, but tho French almost immediately regained tho lost ground. U. S. ASKS INDEMNITY DRASTIC NOTE SENT TO AUSTRIA IN ANCONA CASE. Pay Demanded for Deaths Washing ton Requests Reparation From Vienna for Sinking of Liner. Washington, Doc. 10. Tho United States government hns sent a nolo of a peremptory character to tho Austro Hungarian government, to bo pre sented by Ambassador Pcnlleld at Vienna, demanding full satisfaction for tho Iosb of American lives when tho Italian liner Ancona was torpedoed by an Austrian submarine in tlio Med iterranean. Tho communication is couched in terms regarded ns much moro sovcro than either of tho notes on tho Lusltania caso to Germany. Tho demands mado aro theso: 1. Complete disavowal of tho act. 2. Punishment of tho captain or tho Austrian submarlno and any others who may havo been responsible Tor tho act. 3. Full Indemnity .for tho families of tho American victlmB. 4. In vlow of tho fact that Germany, Austria's ally, has discountenanced Biich mothods of warfaro, tho United States cannot understand why Austria ongoges in it, nnd asks for assurances ngalnst any repetition of tho act. NEWS FROM FAK ANB NEAR Washington, Doc. 10. "Anyono who thinks wo can bo beaten Is talking through his hat," said President Wil son addressing members of tho Demo cratic national committee at a lunch eon at tho Whlto Houso on Wednesday at which party prospects In Uio 11)10 eloctlon woro up for consideration. Tho president said ho thought it wasn't necessary to use parliamentary language in talking to tho committee. Tho Democratic party, ho said, should bo In good order for tho 1DK5 campaign becausa It had carried out its pre-election promises, Now York, Dec. 0. Gold Imports have reached tho total of $400,000,000. Tho stcamor St. Louis brought from Loudon SO boxes of gold sovereigns valued at ?2,000,000. STEAMER C0MMUNIPAW SAFE American Vessel Reported Sunk Has Been Taken to Unnamed Port by Warship, Says Page. Washington, Dec. 10. Tho Btato de partment received n second dispatch. from Ambassador Pago at Homo on Wodnesday stating that ho had boon informed that tho Communlpaw hud been captured by a warship nnd taken to n port unnamed In his message. Tho sourco of his Information and tho na tionality of tho captora woro not men tioned. Earlier advlceB from Ambassador Page reported that an American ship "hold to havo been tho Standard Oil tanker Communlpaw" had been tor pedoed and Bimk off Tobruk, Tripoli. Moro dotallH aB to tho Communl pnw as well as tho Standard Oil tank or Potrollto, reported attacked by a BUbmarlno In tho Mediterranean last Sunday morning, aro bolng awaited. Navy Yard to Build Wnrshlps. Washington, Doc. 13. Tho two bu pordreadnaughts authorized by tho last congrosB will bo built by tho Now Vli tmil IV1nfi lntii.,.1 .. i tit it t..i. ..i.i.vi lommi iiuvy ynnis. fVnifnjita f f, l lit, ali1,n ... t . tjuiibi u.i. .w. ouiia wuru lei ny Secretary Danlols on Friday. Town Fire-Swept; Loss $200,000. Cltrouollo. Ala., Doc. 13. Fire hero In tho busluoss district on Friday did damage estimated at $200,000. A ho tel and olght stores woro burned. Soveral gueatB at tho hc.'el woro res cued by flromcu. IN CHAMPAGNE TV lotiacan ., .-"i y Rouconvlllc Xi,tfi-ia0.y..,. - ..1681.. rUllLEIIIti . T en nerrtent rai TallUre 'Amende ChimottJ1 , 'V't , l-bb surTout, Laval WOULD END WAR PLOTS CABINET ACTS TO PREVENT VIO. LATION OF NEUTRALITY. Members Confer Wlt.'i Secretary Lan olng on Hunting Di wn and Pun ishing Offeiders. Washington, Dec. 0.--Plans of the administration to provt'nt or punish violations of Anurican neutrality were discussed at a long conference in tho office of Secretary Lansing between the members of tho cablnut whose de partments nro most closely connected with such subjects The meeting wan called at the sug gestion of Prcsidont Wilson, who de clared In his mcssago to congress that "tho hand of our power" should at onco cloco over and crush out "crea tures of passion, disloyalty and an archy," who seek to mako the United States n hotbed of European Intrigue. Attorney General Gregory, "Postmas ter General Hurloson and Secretaries Garrison nnd McAdoo spent moro than nn hour with Secretary Lnnslng. They went into detail as to tlio befit ways to carry out tho president's expressed desires. Every member of tho ofllclal family Is directly concerned In preventing neutrality violations. Tho post oflico department, with Its corps of Itispcc tors, tlio treasury dopartmont through tho secret sorvlco and tho department of Justice through Its bureau of In vestigation aro. equipped to tinted nnv offenses of this character. As recently announced by tho attor ney general, tho facts gathored by agents othor than thoso of tho depart ment of Justlco will bo turned ovei to that department for action, but elich branch of tho government will lcok Into any suspicious circumstances coming to its notice and whoro thcro Is ground for further action it will ho taken promptly. ST. LOUIS WINS CONVENTION Democratic National Committee Votes In Favor of Missouri City Chicago Second.. Washington, Dec. 9. Chicago lost tho Democratic national convention to St. Louis on Tuesday bocaiiBC Senator Itoed of Missouri needed help In his nenntorial candldncy and becauso tho Democratic national committee did not think Chicago Bhould havo both conventions. Tho deciding vote was St. Louis. 28; Chlcapo, 15. and Dal las, 9. . Democratic committeemen woro told that It In a foregono conclusion Chicago will bo given tho llepuhliran convention whon tho G. O. P. commit tee moots In Washington next week. Tho Democratic convention was pro Bontcd aa tho only chanco St. Louln had,, becauso tho word had boon passed around that tho Republican convont'.on would go to Chicago. Sonator LowIb, Govornor Dunno and Roger Sullivan addressed tho commit tee In behalf of Chicago, but, as ono of tho Chicago delegation expressed It nftorwards, tho "cards woro stacked against them." On tho llrst ballot St. Louis got 25 votes, Dallas wns second with 14 nnd Chicago trailed with 13. Lacking n majority, a second ballot wns neces sary. On tho second ballot Chicago gained two votes nnd passed Dallas. Hut St. Louis gained three and had a majority. British Sink Turkish Warship. Paris, Doc. 11. Tho French war of flco announced that an English subma rlno had torpedoed and sunk tho Tur kish destroyor Vnr Hlssar In tho Sen of Marmora and captured two officers and 40 men of its crow. Fire Sweeps Genoa Quays. Genoa, Italy, Dec. 11. A dovastnt hig lire, fed by oil and cotton, swopt tho quays hero. Thousands of barrols of oil stored In the warehouses ex ploded. Seven thousand bales of cot ton woro destroyed. 0 PEACE PROPOSAL GERMANY'S IMPERIAL CHANCEL LOR TELLS REICHSTAG WOULD BE FOLLY TO OFFER TERMS. NOT A WAR FOR NEW LAND Impossible to Reach Agreement In View of "Guilt and Ignorance of Statesmen" and "Confusion of Opin ion" Among Enemies. Herlln, Dec. 11. Germuny will mako no peace proposals to tho allies, but if tlio entente powers offer terms com patible with Germany's dignity nnd safety, tho German government is will lug to discuss them. Imperial Chan cellor von Hethninnn-I loll wee so nn- nounccd In tho relchstag on Thursduy. uio chancellor .viib cheered us ho rose to mako his promised renlv to tho socialist Interpellation on tho quea- lion or pence, und ho wnn cheered nealn na ho frankly stated tho gov ernment's position. Ho had Just re turned from a conference with Em peror William nt army headquarters. "As long as In tho countries of our enemies tho guilt nnd Icnoranco of statesmen nro entnngled with confu sion of public opinion," said tho chan cellor, "It would bo folly for Germany t : make peaco proposals which would not shorten but lengthen tho duration of tho war. First tho masks must be torn from their faces. "At present they speak of n war of annihilation against us. Wo have to rockon with this fact. Theoretical ..r guments for peace or propositions will not advance us, will not bring tho end nuarer. ' "If our enemies mako pence proposi tions compatlblo with Germany's dig nliy nnd safety, .'ji.n wo shall always be ready to discuss them "Fully conscious of our unshaken military successes, wo decline to ac cept responsibility for continuation of the misery which now fills Europo and thn wholo world. "Nobody enn say that wo continue tho war boiuuso wo want still to con quer this or thnt country. "Tho longer our e.iomies continue this ?vr with bitterness," he said, "the moro guarantees aro needed by Ger many. "Wo don't fight In order to sub jugate other nntioii3; wo fight for tho protection of our life and liberty. "The war has always remained what It wus at tho beginning; a war of do l'cnao for tho German nation and for her future. "Tho war can bo terminated only by a peaco which gives human cortl tudo that it will not return. We all agree about that. Thoro is and thcro will always be the root of our strength." Tho relchstag voted full approval of tho government's position as re gards peace, which was set forth by tho Imperial chancellor. Dr. von Beth-mann-Hollwcg. BIG FIRE IN POWDER TOWN Flames Sweep Hopewell, Va. DuPont Plant Periled $3,000,000 Damage Done. Richmond, Va., Dec. 11. Flames of mysterious origin nearly wiped out tho town of Hopewell nnd threatened tho great DuPont powder plant Just out sldo its borders following tho arrest of n man caught whllo placing a high oxploslvo in a DuPont warehouse, whoro a largo quantity of guncotton was awaiting shipment to tho Anglo French allies. Tho entire business section of Hope well wns destroyed, Tho loss Is esti mated nt ?3,000,000. Thousands of families nro homoless. Ono negro caught looting was lynched. Looting and rioting marked tho progress of tho flro through tho business coctlon. Con sequently n riot call wns sent to Rich mond. In rosponao Btnto soldiers wero rushed to tho sceno from Petersburg. NEW ENVOY FROM MEXICO EMoco Arredondo Named by Cnrranra as Ambassador to U. S. Fletch er Slated for Post In Republic. Washington, Dec. 11. Ellsco Arro dondo, General Carrunza'a confidential representative In Washington, has btien solected to bo tho next nmbassa dnr from Mexico to tho United Statos. Socrotary Lansing formally an nounced receipt of services announa lug Mr. Arredondo's appointment on Thursday. Tho now American um baasador to Mexico, Socrotary Lun sing snld, would bo announced later. Ilb'nry P. Fletcher, ambassador to Chile, Is almost certain to go to Mex ico City. Tho appolntmont af ambassadors re stores full diplomatic rotations be tween tho two governments. Mr. Arredondo is Cnrrnnza's cousin. Rulers Congratulate Mackensen. Herlln, Doc. 13. Emporor William and King Fordlnand of Bulgaria havo sent autograph letters to Field Mar shal August von Mackensen congratu lating him upon his brilliant campalgi: In tho Balkans. Capture Austrian Position. Udlno, Italy, Doc. 13. Italian troops boforo Gorltz strengthened their posl sltloiiB on Thursday afternoon by cup turlng a strong Austrian defensive work on Calvary heights, west of tho Isonzo fortress. condensed hews OF INTEREST TO ALL. A cniBade has been Htarted by the Beatrice Board of Education to Btop tho snlo of tobacco to minors. Tho postonice at Pony Luke, Rock county, bus been discontinued, mail hereafter must bo sent to Thurman. The new $20,000 city hall at Genoa nas occn accopted by tho cltv build ing commltteo nnd Is now opon to tlio public. v A new record for money orders was made by the Columbus postofflce for tho month of November, when l.OoO woro issued. Tho annual meeting of count v us sensors of Nebraska will be held In tho stuto capitol building, Lincoln, January 19 nnd 20. At the end of the third week of tho Hamilton ovnnKlistie nicotines In Sew. ard 228 decisions for the Christian liro have been registered. Kearney was selected as tin- next meeting place of the Nebraska Stu dent Conference, which held its 1015 session in Fremont recently. Fiire destroyed tho large "frame fur nlturo and hardware store of Curtis & Davenport at Callaway. The loss win amount to about $15,000. Judge Graves in the district court at Ponca sentenced Hoy Watson to twenty years in the penitntlary for nn nssault upon a farmer's wife, Nov. 8. Beatrice vocalists are planning on the organization of u Inrgo chorus choir in tho nenr future, for tho pur pose of providing entertninment for tho winter. The nnnunl poultry nnd pet stock show nt Gibbon Inst week proved a grent success. Kenrnoy exhibitors carried off seven Bilver cups at tho show. The University School of Agricul ture winter short course will open nt the university fnrm, Lincoln, Tuesday, January 4, 1910, and continue for six weeks. William Mellor, secretary of tho state agricultural board, was agnln looted president of the Americnn Fairs and Exposition nssoeintion nt n meet ing in Chicago. Tho matter of establishing n hospi tal in Falls City is being revived. A meeting will be held soon by enthus iaslists to decide if sufficient funds can bo raised. Tho committee arranging for the democratic press n3Sociution banquet nt Lincoln January 11, havo received favorable reports of attendance from all over the state. Lincoln folks celebrated the open ing of two new schools last week, when the new high school, a $000,000 structure, nnd the Bancroft school, costing over $200,000, were completed. According to the United States Cen sus bureau tho city of Hastings in 1914 had 544 persons working in fac tories, using 358 primary horsepower and having n capital of $1,314,000. $315,000 was pnid in salaries during that year. As a result of nn agreement enter ed into by meat mnrket proprietors of Fremont, their places of business will be closed on Sundnys herenfter. Tho ngreement will bo in effect until April 1, 191C. The Security Stnto bank of Broken Bow is now locnted in its new bend quarters. The new bank building is 22x70 feet, of reinforced concrete und steel, nnd Is ono of tho finest struc tures in tho city. Fifty thousand dollars In bonds for a new junior high school wns voted by citizens of North Platte nt a re cent election by n four-to-one majori ty. The new building, will be a four-tecn-room affair modern In every way. Tho Slate Irrigation association at their annual convention in Bridgeport recently endorsed the Iloldrego trl county conservation project to divert flood waters of the Platto river upon wnste lands of the central part of tho atato. Mayor Friday of Norfolk is leading a campaign for the removal of tho Madlaon county sent from Madison to Norfolk. More than 3,000 namea of voters of the county have been seem ed on a petition asking for an election tin the proposition. Mrs. Estolla Glaze, a blind woman living at Plorco, has Htarted suit in Pierce county ngaiiiBt 75 saloon keep, era located In Pierce, Oamond, Mc Lean, Niobrara, Vortlel, Foster, Ne llgh. PetorHburg, Elgin, Norfolk, Fre mont, Omaha and Columbus. Sho al leges that hor husband, Elonzo Blaze, has becomo a habitual drunkard as a roHtilt of visiting tho places mention ed In her petition. The town of Franklin Ib forging to tho front. During the past ten years 15fi homes, costing $300,000, business buildings to tho extent of $120,000, nnd publltKjjiiprnvemontB of $80,000, a total of over $500,000 has boon spent. Tho population of the town nnd tho nHHessed valuation havo also doubled In that time. A now modern fireproof hotel to cost $10,000 la aoon to bo built, also n new library costing $5,000 will bo erected In the spring. Fire, thought to havo originated from a lighted cigar stub thrown Into n spittoon, destroyed tho $80,000 Dodge county court house nt Fre mont. A temporary headqunrters has lxcn obtained and n combined county nnd city building Is being ndvocnted. A enr driven by John Petker. in which wero his wife, three children! nnd Henry Ilebnrt, turned turtle in tho village of Henderson, killing tho 5-year-old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Pet ker and seriously Injuring tho baby boy. Mr. nnd Mrs. Potkor were both bndly injured. Nebraska will have Its state fall for 191C at the usual time, September 4 to 9, at Lincoln. Work bus commenced on the new Northwestern passenger depot nt Bee mer. The building will bo modern in ull its appointments. An eleventh grade has been added to the Stapletou school and the citi zens of that town tiro fellcltlng them selves on the achievement. At a meeting of representatives from the various organizations of Pe ru it was decided to havo a community Christmas tree in Peru this year. Two machinists employed In the old engine room at tho Swift Packing Co.,. South Omaha, wero Instantly killed, when an immenso llywheel burst Tho new postofflce building at Pe ru la nenring completion and when, equipped will bo one of the neateBt oiliccs In southeastern Nebraska. Nebraska Master Builders associa tion will hold their annual conven tion In Omaha January 11 nnd 12. An elabornto program Ib being arranged for tho occasion. Citizens of Arlington havo asked that they be given privileges of the Fremont public library, and the libra ry board has tnken favorable action, on tho matter. Coach Ewald O. Stlolun or the foot ball squad of the University of Ne braska conllrms tho report from Bloomington, Intl., that ho would go to that school next year. Having pleaded guilty to stealing; an automobile, Earl Inman, a paroled convict, was sentenced to from one to aoven yenra in the state penitentia ry nt North Pintte. Lincoln is to havo a municipal Christmas tree. Tho tree will bo lo cated on tho Capitol grounds and merchants of the city have pledged sufficient funds for the occasion. Acording to figures compiled by jtho Nebraska Anti-Saloon leaguo there are more dry county seatB in tho state than wet. The figures show 54 dry county seats and 38 hav ing saloons. Three hundred and ten citizens of Albion and Boone county havo just sent to Congressman Stephens and Senator Hitchcock a petition nskinff them to do their part in checking tho "prepare for war" craze. The first block of asphalt paving la the city of eKarney has been opened to traffic. The newly finished street is part of the Lincoln highway. Kear ney now has three miles of paving, with bids being asked for two miles more. Theron II. Steen, connected with tho American embassy at Vienna, Austria, who is in Kearney visiting, says that tho Austrlans can seo nothing but victory ahead In tho great war and they did little if any mouring for thoso killed In battle. Tho plant of tho Nebraska Gas and Electric company at Blair was badly- damaged by fire and put out of com mission December 4. The company recently sold its entire street and buiidlng service equipment to the city,. which is erecting a municipal plant. Patrick Harmon, a New York City man nrrlved in Kearney a few days ago on a trans-continental walk. Ho claims if ho walks backward fifteen mile8 a day for tho entire trip he will recolvo $20,000. His average so far lma been eighteen miles per day. The touriat who liks something to- drink on tho sldo whllo he is travel ing will be in "hard luck" through Nebraska after January 1. The going into effect of tho prohibition laws of Iowa and Colorado will do away with tho sale of liquor on railroad lines going into and out of these statea and most of tho Nebraska lines llkowlso run Into dry commonwealths. Holdrege expects next year to have a gardening club in connection with its public schools. It will bo under the general supervision of tho Agricultural college at Lincoln. Ar- rangementa havo been mado by tho extension sorvico of tho college of agriculture whereby any village or city in the atato wishing to organize, gardening in connection with public Bchoola, may receivo aid from the ex tension service of the college of agri culture. Tho second annual meeting of tho Nebraska P.'ngineerlng society is to bo held at Lincoln, December 17 and 18, according to announcement of tno ex ecutive committee, conslating of Wat son Townsend of Omaha, O. J. Fee of Lincoln and H. A. Mark of Oshkosh. In tho vicinity of Snyder, whero farmers havo been unablo to securo tho necessary help to gcther their corn, cattle and hogs are being turned In the fleldB to do the husking. As much as C cents a bushel has been of fered for buskers, but even this fancy prlco has failed to bring out tho- workmen. Members of tho Eno hotel project at Fremont claim they will succeed In ralalng the sum necessary to erect a modern block on tho Eno site. Tho Eno committee Is seeking to get the hotel located on Sixth street. Sub scriptions of over $80,000 have been made nnd several more thnt will swell tho found to $100,000 have been prom ised. It Is the Intention to erect a $150,000 building. A poultry show will bo held by tho Lancaster County Poultry association December 28-31 at Unlveraltv Place. A hall has bcon secured and arrange ments nro about complete for the event. Potter country roads in Dougluscoun- ty will bo provided if the p'ans of tho county commissioners nro carried out. they havo decided to submit a bend proposition to the voters of tho coun ty at tlio spring primaries on Anrll 18. abking permission to Isaue $1,500,000 of paving bonds und 1500,000 of grad ing uonus