THE SEMLWEEKLY TRIBUNE. NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA.
fojlm
SCRAPS GOOD FOR CHICKENS
Parings Left From Potatoes, Pump
kins, Squash, Apples, Etc., Make
Excellent Feed.
Savo nil tho parings, potato, pump
kin, squash, apple, etc., and when
you aro cooking your noonday meal
cook theso for tho chickens. When It
has cooled, stir In enough wheat bran
to make a stilt mash. This makes an
excellent but economical dinner. Give
them an occasional mess of parings
chopped fine without cooking. Tur
nips and beets aro much relished by
tho fowls when eaten green.
If you havo cabbage, tako a small
sized head, fasten It to a wlro and
hang low enough that tho fowls can
reach It easily. You will bo surprised
to Bee how quickly they will clean up
u cabbage In this way.
Don't feed your fowls milk In tho
watering trough. Have a soparato
trough for each. Do suro to feed a
panful of milk each day.
Don't forget to water fowls when
tho weather get3 cold. Milk doesn't
quench their thirst, as I havo often
Boon them turn from a pan of milk
to tho watering trough and drink an
enormous quantity.
Keep a dust box In the henhouso
whon tho hens aro confined.
MOST PROLIFIC EGG LAYERS
What Chinese Breed of Geese Lack In
Size They Make Up In Egg Pro
duction Are Quite Hardy.
Apparently what tho Chinese goeso
lack in slzo has prevented them from
becoming favorites with thoso who
raiso largo numbers annually, but
with thoso who keep a limited number
White Chinese Geese.
thoy aro found to bo very practical.
What they lack in slzo thoy gain in
ogg production, being tho most pro
lific of all breeds of geese, averaging
from 50 to 60 eggs a year. In slzo,
aptltudo to fatten, and easo of man
agement thoy appear In no respect In
ferior to other geese, while tho qual
ity of flesh is decidedly superior.
Thoy aro exceedingly graceful In ap
pearance, qulto hardy, and the young
mature early. Thero aro two varieties
of Chinese goeso tho Brown and tho
Whlto. Thoy havo medium-sized
heads, with largo knob at base of a
medium-length bill, and long, graceful
ly arched neck. Tho backs are me
dium in longth, and tho breast Is
round and full; body of medium slzo,
round and plump; wings largo and
strong; thigh bones' short and stout,
and shanks of medium length.
EXERCISE FOR LAYING HENS
Erroneous Impression Prevails Among
Certain Poultrymen That Fowls
Should Be Kept Moving.
Tho matter of exercise for laying
hens is ono of great importanco to the
breeder, and ono which means much
to tho man who Is producing eggs for
tho market only. There Is a common
Impression prevailing among certain
unenlightened poultrymen that fowls
should bo kept on tho move all day
long, but this 1b extremely erroneous,
especially in tho case of winter egg
production, and It has been proved
most conclusively that a fowl will lay
moro eggs at n lower cost whon not
required to tako an excessive amount
of exercise.
Chickens to Fatten.
Chickens of from thieo and ono hall
to four and one-half pounds aro the
most profitable to put In tho fattening
crates. Two parts oats, ono part buck
wheat and ono part corn, all llnoly
ground, mixed with sufficient butter
milk to mako a batter, makes an ex
cellent ration for crato feeding. With
suitable birds an increaso of ono
pound may bo oxpected from three to
flvo pounds of meal fed.
Make-Up of High Producer.
The bird that is a high producer
must havo a vigorous appetite and a
largo capacity for converting food
materials! into eggs.
- I" i- ii ii- i ii In i nr li ii i i iii nil mil ii i mi iiimi . imUK-'au,
iWy WINTER miGi 6000 F0R STRAWBERRIES
r -jr
COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION felS"- feMi
Much Depends on Amount and Char
acter of Grading Necessary Oth
er Factors Considered.
tTrepnrcd by tho United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Tho cost of a road Is dopendont up
on not only tho typo of construction,
but tho amount and charactor of grad
ing to bo dono, tho cost of labor and
materials, tho width and thlcknoss of
surfacing, tho charactor and amount
of dralnago required, and othor fac
tors of equal variability. Uasod upon
general avorages, It has been ascer
tained by highway specialists of tho
United States department of agrlcul
turo that under avcragecondltlonsmac
adam roads can bo built in southern
states at from $4,000 to $5,000 per
mile, b'ravol roadB at from $1,500 to
$2,500 por mile, and sand-clay and top
soli roads at from $800 to $1,500 per
mile. In New England and tho other
eastern states, macadam roads aro re
ported at from $6,000 to $9,000 por
mile, travel roads at from $3,200 to
$5,000. and bituminous macadam from
$8,000 to $13,000, according to tho
character of construction, whether surface-
eatcd, penetration, or mixing
method. The bituminous typo Is
qulto general in tho eastern states.
As indicating costs in other sections
of country, tho state highway commis
sioner of Michigan reported in 1913
tho avorago cost for macadam roads
$4,300 per mllo, clay-gravel roads $1,
500 per mile, and concrete roads about
$10,000 per mile. The avorago cost of
Improved Michigan Road.
stato highways constructed In Ohio
In 1913 was $8,383. According to types
in 1912, tho brick-paved highways av
oraged $14,050 por mllo and tho mac
adam' highways $5,950. In California
the first 356 miles of tho stato system
of highways cost an average of $8,
143 per mllo and consisted principally
of thin concrete with a thin coat of
bitumen. Tho maximum and mini
mum figures glvon In this paragraph
aro not absolute, but aro Intended to
present tho usual range of costs. The
rates given includo grading, drainage,
surfacing, and engineering costs.
BOOSTER FOR BETTER ROADS
Cost of Transportation of Produce to
Market Is Lessened Ditch, Drain
and Drag Roads.
Good roads not only cheapen tho
cost of transporting farm produce to
market, but mako tho country a do
Blrablo place to Hvo in.
Wo hear much talk about federal aid
for good roads, yet If wo wait for
this movement to crystallize into a
reality, tho people of the country will
be riding in mud for somo timo to
como. Tho thing to do is to tako off
coats and buckle Into a plan for local
road Improvement, no a booster for
tho grading of roads and follow up the
work with the King road drag for
maintenance.
Tho principle of all good roads In
all States Is tho samo, viz., keeping
tho water out and off of tho roadbeds.
Ditch, drain and drag tho roads. This
Is tho tripod of good road building.
ADVANTAGES OF GOOD ROADS
Scarcely Secondary to Rail Transpor
tation In Their Far-Reaching Ef
fect on Civilization.
Tho two great necessities of
modern life are education and trans
portation, for civilization travels in
tho wako of good schools and good
roads. Good roads lead In more good
directions than tho most far-seoing
can contemplate. Commcrco begins
on tho country roads and byways;
thoy affect school attendance and lit
eracy; they control markets and
prices, values of land, tho develop
ment and contentment of tho people,
tho cost and pleasure of living, and
nro scarcely secondary to rail trans
portation In their far-reaching effect.
Thoy determine tho character and
growth of tho community, and tho
necessity for them cannot be overes
timated, for a country that isn't worth
a good road isn't worth living In.
Idaho Boosts Good Roads.
The Southern Idaho Motor associa
tion was perfected at Dolse, Idaho,
for tho purpose of making a good
roads campaign in southern Idaho.
This marks an important stop toward
giving impetua to tho good roads
movement in tho stato.
Keep Weeds Down,
It does not take long to mow the
growth along tho roadside, ditch
banks and fonco rows. You could do
It going to nnd from tho fields oftlmes,
Or when you havo an hour to spare.
Many Berries Result From tho Matted Row Systom, but the Berries Aro
Small and Do Not Ripen as Well as When They Obtain Moro Sunlight.
(By M. N. KDOEUTON.)
In a senso tho strawberry plant la
an evergreen. Unllko tho bush or
tree fruits, It has no wood growth to
ripen. Its leaves do not shrivel In
tho fall, and at tho touch of frost drop
from tho plant, henco It Is but reason
able to suppose that tho plant will
havo further need of them at somo
futuro time.
Observing closely, the student of
nature will noto that in place of
ripening, as is the case with bush and
trco fruits, tho leaves of tho straw
berry plant tako on a deeper shade
of green with tho advent of autumn,
finally assuming a recumbent position.
This Is naturo's method of prepar
ing this plant for tho necessary period
of dormancy.
During this period tho forces In tho
plant romaln Inactive. With tho com
ing of spring, tho warm breezes, sun
shino and showers, there Is an awak
ening a springing up of new life.
With tho bush and tree fruits this
awakening of pent-up enorgy first
manifests itself by tho swelling of
buds. From these tiny leaves push
forth, to bo followed by tho unfolding
and development of blossoms,
In embryonic form, leaf and blos
som have been tucked away and pro
tected in a sheath of well-rlpencd
woody growth.
These stored-up forces aro pro
tected against Injury from low tcmper
aturo up to a certain point, depending
somewhat on atmospheric conditions
prevailing at tho tlmo and conditions
under which tho growth, and ripening
of these buds took' place.
Howover, with strawberry plants
thero is no swelling and unfolding of
leaf buds, for each leaf and cluster
of blossoms appears separately and at
different periods of timo.
In place of well-ripened, woody tis
sue, tho embryonic leaves and fruit
stoms of this plant aro protected by
tho crown of tho plant, which consists
of a succulent growth of plant Hsbuo
only.
With bucIi a protection, theso em
bryonic leaves and fruit buds aro not
fully propared to undergo the rigors
of winter, hence additional protection
Is required if tho plants nre to retain
their strength and vigor unimpaired.
By looking into the matter closely the
reason for this may bo very plainly
ocen.
I havo said that tho leaves of tho
strawberry plant go Into winter in a
green, succulent stato, and for this
reason their purpose has not yet been
fully accomplished.
With the advent of spring, and tho
awakening of nature, theso leaves re
Bumo activities.
The root feeders gather In tho ele
ments of plant food from tho soil. Tho
circulatory system carries this food
to leaf tissues, where, under the action
of sunshine, a chemical change takes
place, by which it is mado available
for assimilation.
Somo'of this perfect plant food is
ilsed by theso same leaf tissues, but by
,far tho larger portion 1b carried to the
crown, thoro to be used in tho growth
and development of a new and larger
leaf system.
This being truo, It will readily bo
seen that If tho leaves of tho present
season's growth do not pass through
tho winter with vitality unimpaired nn
abnormal condition in plant life will
result.
With Its tissues wholly or partly
dead, tho leaves of the plant arc un
able to resume tho functional activi
ties properly, as would otherwise bo
the case.
Now leaves may push out from the
crown of such plants, to bo suro. but
such growth never possesses that vlg
orous, healthy appearance so charac
teristic of normally constituted plants.
Nor aro tho leaves the only part of
tho plant that sustains injury through
exposure to winter frosts and sun
shine, for the tissues that compoBo
tho crown are injured moro or less
by tho same thawing and freezing
process.
In addition to the injury to the leaf
and crown, as noted, there Is, on some
Boils, injury dono to the root system
through the lifting, heaving action of
frosts,
Grown on a class of soils that honey
comb readily, theso surface-feeding
plants are often stranded, so to speak,
thoir crowns projecting more, or less
above tho surface of tho ground, many
of tho fine feeding roots having been
broken In the process.
Tho contest with tho elements
over tho plants In tho unprotected
strawberry bod will present ovory do
grco of vitality except that of a plant
In perfect health.
Tho plants of an unprotected straw
berry bed will mako as bravo a show
ing as thoir Impaired vitality will per
mit, but results as measured by tho
harvest will bo very disappointing
whon compared with thoso secured
from a bed of plants that have been
given tho proper protection.
Tho remedy then, or prcvcntlvo.
rather, Is tho winter mulch.
What shall wo use, and when best
nppllod?
In our own wojk any material that
Is convenient is mado to serve tho
purpose, and tho mulching operations
aro begun ns soon as freezing weather
sets In.
Whethor tho material used is straw,
marsh hay, cornstalks, or forest
loaves, good results will bo secured If
properly applied.
Tho quantity that should bo applied
varies somewhat. In ono artlclo that
I read not long slnco a writer recom
mended eight inches of settled straw.
There nro conditions undor which a
mulch of that depth would mean dls'
asjtrous results.
In our opinion, ono Inch of tho set
tled Btraw will afford ample protec
tion in most instances. If tho ground
is frozen hard at tho tlmo, a thick
mulch may bo applied with safety, but
the placing of sovoral Inches of straw
or other matorlal over plants when ho
ground is in nn unfrozen condition is
almost suro to result disastrously.
Tho finer tho material tho finer It
will Bottle, and consequently tho
greater tho harm likely to bo dono.
Tho coarser tho material used tho bet
ter, for then thoro is sufficient circu
lation of air to supply tho needs of
tho plant, yet tho sunlight is excluded.
I have received reports from grow
ers, In which it was claimed that a
mulch had proved ruinous to straw
berry plants. However, if tho ontlro
circumstnnccs relating to such in
stances wero fully known, I nm con
fident it would bo found thnt either
improper material had been used or
Improperly applied, perhaps both.
Tho straw or chaff should bo used
sparingly, an amount sufficient to ex
clude tho direct rays of light only.
A blanket of snow makes tho very
best sort of protection, ns It permits
tho freo circulation of air, even when
It packs In n hard drift several foot in
thickness.
This bolng truo, it is a wise plan,
whenever possible, to establish the
strawberry bed whore It will havo tho
benefit of a windbreak of somo sort.
In latitudes whoro thero aro largo
snowfalls, It will even pay to erect
an artificial windbreak of some sort,
If needed, to provent tho winds swoop
ing tho ground bare of snow.
In our, latltudo, a light covering of
straw answers every purposo required
for tho winter mulch, as this Is al
ways supplemented by a snow blanket,
making an Ideal combination.
It is not generally thought that ox
cosslvo freezing of tho ground Is In
jurious to tho plants, yet wo have
always had tho best results when tho
ground has been held unfrozen
throughout tho entiro period of plant
dormancy.
It scorns strango to mo now that so
many strawberry growers have their
beds without protection, thereby dis
counting largely tho results due at
harvest.
Yet it Is not so very strange nftor
all. Many of us go through llfo with
tho mind's eye half closed to the
things about it. It took Boveral years
of costly experience to convince tho
writer that tho winter mulch Is an
important factor In strawberry grow
ing and that tho work must on no ac
count ho neglected ir tho most highly
satisfactory results aro to bo obtained.
Keep the Animals Warm.
If the animals on the farm possessed
tho power of speech, they" would.
doubtless cry out for warm beds and
good shelter, even at tho expenso of
part of their rations of roughage.
Whllo a bellyful of food will help, It
will not mako comfortable the animal
that Btands shivering tho night
through, unprotected from tho weath-
i er.
Raise Score of Butter.
I If you want to ralso tho scoro of
your butter and also tho price you
I rocelvo por pound for- It, get tho sepa
rator out of the barn. You can got
' cow odorB and cow lluvcr ouough with.
lout going aftor it.
ARE FALL PIGS ADVISABLE?
One Farmer Adopts Plan of Raising
Two Litters Yearly, Thereby
Keeping Brood Sow Busy.
It is a question with many farmers
whethor It Is advlsablo to ralso fall
pigs. It Is our practice, writes a farm
or In an oxchaiiEO, to raipo fall pigs,
two litters a year as near us possible
Wo would abandon tho fall pig entlroly
If wo had to koep him until ono year
old boforo putting lrim on tho market.
Wo do not feel wo can afford to keep
a brood sow for raising only ono Httor
n year, and wo havo fallon on tho plan
of growing two litters to keep the
bowb continually at work.
Sprlng-rnrrowcd pigs wo do not
kcop, as a rule, longer than eight
A Tamworth Sow.
monthB old. This puts thom oft tho
farm by tho tlmo tho fall pigs nood
oxtra caro. Up to thlB timo thoy havo
been fed principally through tho dam.
Whon about ready to loavo tho dam
wo bogln f glvo thorn a slop ration,
which wo kcop up until thoy go to
market. Wo begin feeding corn Btnall
quantities at first as Boon as thoy
havo been weaned. Tho slops consist
principally of skim milk, nnd right
hero wo want to say thoro Is nothing
that compares with skim milk ua an
accompaniment to corn for tho grow
ing pigs. Whon thoro is no aklm milk
to bo had wo havo used wheat mid
dlings scalded In hot wator with fair
results. v
ATTENTION TO COLT'S FEET
Great Danger In Allowing Hoofs of
Young Animal to Grow Too Long
Avoid Trouble Later.
It has often boon said that n
horso's feet aro tho most Important
partB of its body; and anybody who
has had oxporlonco with lamoness and
inability of horses to do a roasonnble
amount of work bocauso of lamoness
of ono kind of another, will readily
acknowledge tho importanco of prop
orly caring for tho foot of tho oqulno
stock on tho farm.
Proper caro of tho horao'a foot
means that attention must bo glvon
whon ho Is a colt. In fact, If tho
horseman or farmer carelessly allows
tho colt's hoofs to grow long and un
even, thoro 1b a great deal moro dan
ger of Injuring tho feet or deforming
thom than If tho samo carelessness 1b
practicod with raaturo animals. Tho
bones, ligaments and tendons of tho
colt's foot aro not so hard nor bo
strong as thoso of tho maturo horse,
and tho result Is that improper stand
ing, induced by poorly ahapod hoofs,
throws tho hones nnd ligaments out
of thoir natural positions. Again, It
may bo a enso of whoro tho colt's logs
aro crooked at birth, and in such in
stances caro and attention to trim
ming tho hoofs may bo of consider
nblp help In straightening tho legs.
In handling tho colt's feet it ia best
to begin with tho frcnt ones. Teach
tho colt to rest his weight on tho op
posite) foot, rather than tho ono which
'is bolng held, by Bhovlng It enough
to throw tho balance over on tho op
posite foot at tho samo timo tho othor
foot is picked up. Tho proper learn
ing of this lesson will often savo con
siderable trouble later when tho colt
must be shod.
After tho colt's feet havo been
picked up in this manner a few times
its hocf8 can bo trimmed with but
very little trouble, Glvo th!a matter
attention and often tho colt will coma
out with a good sot of logs, whon It
othorwiso would bo greutly hampered
at work or on tho market by crooked
and weak "under-pinning."
SPREADING OF HOG CHOLERA
Important That Owners of Healthy
Animals Keep Away From Farms
Where Disease Exists.
Doctor Koen, tho United States gov
ernment inspector in ctKirgo cf tho hog
cholera in Dallas county, Iowa, re
ports that 29.6 per cent of all cases of
hog cholera wero caused by tho germs
bolng carried from ono farm to an
othor by farraors exchanging work or
visiting each othor. It la Important,
therefore, that owners of healthy
hogs keep Btrictly awuy from farms
where tho dlBcaso exists and should
keep other peoplo away from hla own
hog lota aud pastures.
By using disinfectant freely on
horses and wagons which havo boon
in tho neighborhood of tho dlsoaso and
by requiring ovoryono who comos on
tho farm or goes near tho hog lot to
disinfect his feet, tho spread of tho
disease can bo very greatly roducod.
A Loyal Ally
In Stomach
Ailments
As soon as you
notice the appetite
waning, the digestion
becoming impaired or
the liver and bowels
refuse to perform their
daily functions just resort to
HOSTETTER'S
Stomach Bitters
It is really Nature's "first aid"
Explained.
"I'll say ono thing for Dlggs. Ho
never gets a swelled head."
"That's truo. Solid bono dooini't
swoll vory easily."
DON'T MIND PIMPLES
Cutlcura Soap and Ointment Will Ban
Ish Thom. Trial Free.
ThoBo fragrant suporcreamy omol
llonts do so much to cleanse, purify
and beautify tho skin, scalp, hair and
hands that you cannot afford to bo
without them. Besides thoy meet
ovory want In tollot preparations and
are most economical.
Sample each freo by mall with Dook.
Address postcard, Cutlcura, Dopt. XY,
Boston. Sold everywhere Adv.
In the Dentist's Office.
"It takes uorvo."
"What?"
"To havo ono killed."
Answer he Alarm!
A bod back makes a day's work twleo
is hard. Backache usually cornea from
weak kidneys, and if headaches, dizzi
ness or urinary disorders are added,
don't wait get help before dropsy,
? ravel or Brisht's disease set in. Doan'a
Cidnoy Fills have brought new life and
now strength to thousands of working
men and women. Used and recommend
ed tho world over.
An Iowa Case
"Every Fitturt
ttiu a awry
C. D. Hnyos. 122
Avenuo B. W o a t.
Alula, Iowa, says:
"My llfo was a bur
den with kidney
complaint and I suf
fered from sharp
pains, along with a
dull ache. I cot lit
tle, bonoflt from any
thing: I took until I
used Doan'a Kidney
Pills. Flvo boxes
rid mo of tho trouble
and I haven't suf
fered much slnco."
Cat Doan'a at Any State, BOs Bos
DOAN'S VFY
FOSTER-MILBURN CO., BUFFALO, N. Y.
A Soluble Antiseptic Powder to
i i. it i
oe oissoivea in water as neeaea
For Douches
In tho local treatment of woman's Ilia,
such as leucorrhoea and inflammation, hot
douohea of Poxtlno aro very elllcaclouj.
No woman who has ever used medicated
douchoo will fall to approclato the clean and
haalthy condition Faxilno produces and tho
prompt rollof from soronoss and discomfort
whlob follows its uso. This Is because Taitlna
potsossos suporlor cleansing, disinfect
ion; unu noaiing proporuos.
JJor ton years tlio .bydla JS.
Flukliara Moillclno Co. has rec
ommended Paxtlno in their
prlvato correspondence with wo-
mon, which proves us superi
ority, f Women who havo been
relloved say it ia " worth its j
weleht in cold." At drut-clsta.
BOc. largo box or by mall. Sample free,
Tho Paxton Toilet Co., Boston, Masa.
Constipation
Vanishes Forever
Prompt Relief Permanent Cure
CARTER'S LITTLE
LIVER PILLS never
fail. Purely vegeta
ble net surely
but gently on
the liver.
Stop after
dinner distress-cure
'
indigestion.1
improve the complexion, brighten the eyes.
SMALL PILL, SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICE.
Genuine must bear Signature
BLACK
LEG
LOSSES SURELY PREVENTED
by. Cutter"! Blaekleg rills, tow-
priced, freth, reliable) preferred bj
tieiiera aioocmta. neceuie ine)
roteet Mktie ether vaeelaea fill.
Write for booklet and teetlmoolal.
10-deu aki. Blaeklef P III 11.00
SO-iota pkie. Blaeklef Pilll 4.89
llu ant InliWiF. huft r?nl,a hut
Tbt kapcriarltr cf Cutter product 1 due to ortr .i
retra of fpedalUlog In vutiaii and termai aaly,
lailit a Cvtter'i. If unobtilDibla, order direct.
The Otter LUeratory, Berkeley, Cat., tr Ckliu. III.
rUfcKfetra
HAIR BALSAM
A toilet prepnratlon of merit,
nelpa to eradlcAte dandruff.
ForReetorini Color emd
Beauty toCray nr I- aded Hair
too, and 11.00 et Prugrteta.
HI
ii i
mm
JlMirADTCDC
W. N. U., OMAHA, NO. 49-1915.